摘要
小麦条锈病是由条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)引起的重要小麦病害之一,在我国曾多次大流行,给小麦生产上造成了巨大的损失。国内外研究和生产实践证明,种植抗锈良种是控制该病害最经济、有效、易行和对环境安全的核心措施,然而由于小麦条锈病菌的专化性强,生理小种变异快,小麦抗病遗传基础的脆弱性等,常常使病害易于流行。针对这一世界难题,许多小麦条锈病工作者已把注意力转移到利用外源基因来解决这一难题。本研究主要对普通小麦-簇毛麦6A(6V)异代换系贵农22和小麦柔软滨麦草易位系M853-4进行了抗条锈病基因的分子标记,取得了以下结果。
1.采用我国目前小麦条锈菌流行小种CYR29、CYR30、CYR31、CYR32、Su-4、Su-11对小麦-簇毛麦异代换系贵农22和小麦柔软滨麦草易位系M853-4的苗期进行抗病性评价。结果表明:这两个小麦重要种质对目前小麦条锈菌流行小种具有良好的抗病性。
2.将M853-4与铭贤169杂交的F2和F3群体接种小麦条锈菌菌系Su-11,遗传分析和分子作图结果表明,M853-4对Su-11的抗病性由一显一隐两对基因控制,利用M853-4与铭贤169杂交的F3代分离群体构建作图群体,从320对SSR引物组合中,在染色体4A的长臂上筛选到4个与抗病基因YrLm2(暂命名)连锁的多态性微卫星标记,它们分别是Xgwm44、Xwmc650、Barc170和Xwmc718,与YrLm2的遗传距离依次为15cM、5cM、3.9cM和3.1cM。
3.将贵农22对Su-11的抗条锈基因进行SSR分子标记,利用贵农22与铭贤169杂交后代的BC1F2代分离群体构建作图群体,从320对引物中,在染色体1B的长臂上获得了两个与抗病基因YrGn22(暂命名)连锁的多态性微卫星标记,它们分别是Xwmc44和Xcfa2147,其与YrGn22的遗传距离依次为5.1cM和7.3cM。
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis. f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases worldwide. Frequent epidemics of stripe rust in our country have caused considerable yield losses.The research and production practice,both at home and abroad, has proved that the most economical, effective, feasible and environment friendly methods to control this disease is planting resistant cultivars. However, high genetic variation and the ability of the pathogen to evolve into new races with added new virulence always have been the major limiting factors in a successful long-term management of stripe rust when race-specific resistance genes are used. For this diffcult question , many researchers have focused their attention to use of alien genes to solve this problem. The objectives of this study were to identify new stripe rust genes in Guinong22 of alien substitution lines 6A(6V) from Triticum aestivum- Hayaldia Villosa and translocation lines M853-4 from Triticum aestivum -Leymus mollis,to map stripe rust resistance gene in these two lines using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) techniques.
1.Seedlings of two wheat lines M853-4 and Guinong22 were tested for resistance to the six Chinese PST isolates CYR29,CYR30,CYR31,CYR32,Su-4,Su-11 under the controlled greenhouse. The result indicated that M853-4 and Guinong22 have effective resistance at all-stage to the dominant races in China.
2. To identify new resistance genes to yellow rust ,the F2,F3 progeny of the translocation line derived from the cross of M853-4/Mingxian 169 were inoculated with the yellow rust race Su11 at the seeding in the greenhouse.The result suggested that M853-4 have one dominant gene and one recessive gene to Su-11,the mapping population was estabilished from F3 segragated family from the M853-4 crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian169, the four molecular marker linked to the resistance gene(temporarily designated as YrLm2)on the long arm of chromosome 4A were selected from 320 pairs of marker,they were Xgwm44,Xwmc650,Barc170 and Xwmc718,to the genetic distance were 15,5,3.9 and 3.1 cM to YrLm2 , respectively.
3. The gene in Guinong22 which confer resistance to Su-11 was developed SSR markers, the mapping population was estabilished from BC1F2 segragated family from the Guinong22 crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian169, the two molecular marker linked to the resistance gene(temporarily designated as YrGn22)on the long arm of chromosome 1B were selected from 320 pairs of marker,they are Xwmc44 and Xcfa2147,with the genetic distance of 5.1 and 7.3 cM to YrGn22 , respectively.
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