摘要
稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一,在世界各地广泛发生,每年都造成严重损失。实践证明,选育和推广抗病品种是减少稻瘟病危害最有效的途径。龙S是已审定并推广应用于生产的两系不育系,具有广谱、高抗稻瘟病的特性。本研究致力于龙S抗瘟性分析,通过室内接种鉴定对龙S抗谱进行了进一步验证；利用供试的848对SSR引物分析了龙S与CO39、Nipponbare间的多态性；运用SSR分子标记技术对龙S抗瘟基因进行定位,得到如下结果：
1通过室内接种鉴定,龙S对来自国内外的33个稻瘟病菌生理小种表现高抗。其中包括来自菲律宾的优势小种IC-17、P06-6以及湖南稻瘟病高发地区的优势小种110-2、236-2、193-1-1、195-2-2、236-1、87-4、220-1-1、318-2。证明龙S具有广谱高抗稻瘟病的特性,作为优良的不育系,具有很大的利用价值。
2利用供试的848对SSR引物测得多态性检出率,龙S与感病籼稻品种C039间多态检出率为16.75%；龙S与感病粳稻品种Nipponbare间多态检出率相对较高,为33.84%。表明籼稻品种间多态检出率明显低于籼、粳品种间多态检出率。龙S与C039之间共有多态引物142对,由于得到的多态引物较少且分布不均,导致在构建遗传连锁图谱时出现了11个断点。其中2号、3号染色体上各有3个,1号、4号、5号、6号、9号染色体上各有一个,最大的空白区出现在2号染色体上,达47.5cM。龙S与Nipponbare间共检出多态引物287对,但在个别染色体上的分布仍欠均匀,如最大的2号染色体上仍有两个断点,另外4号染色体上也有一个较大的空白区。
3以龙S、Nipponbare为亲本构建F2群体,选取对龙S表现不致病、对Nipponbare表现致病的稻瘟菌生理小种318-2接种龙S×Nipponbare F2群体,结果表明：龙S对小种318-2的抗性受显性单基因控制。运用SSR分子标记技术,利用从852对SSR引物中筛选出的在两亲本间呈多态的290个标记扩增F2群体中抗感个体基因组。结合分离群体分析法、隐性群体分析法,将龙S抗瘟基因定位在9号染色体长臂上,位于标记RM3912与SFP-9-2之间的10.29cM区域内,遗传距离分别为7.35cM、2.94cM。
Rice blast is one of the three major diseases in rice production worldwide, which is responsible for serious losses every year. It has proved that, utilizing varieties with blast resistance is one of the most effective way to reduce the loss.This study aims to map the blast resistance gene in Longs and results are as follows:
(1)Analysis the resistance spectrum of LongS using indoor inoculation method. The result showed that LongS was highly resistant to 33 strains of rice blast including IC-17, P06-6,which come from Philippines, and 110-2,236-2,193-1-1,195-2-2,236-1,87-4,318-2 which come from blast-prone areas of Hunan Province. LongS, as an elite photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile line, is of great value in practical use.
(2) 848 SSR markers on 12 chrosomes of rice were used in this study.It showed that the polymorphism rate were 16.75% between Longs and CO39 and 33.84% between LongS and Nipponbare. It was proved that the polymorphism detection rate between Indica varieties was significantly lower than Japonica-Indica varieties.We had constructed an SSR marker lingkage map between LongS and CO39 which contains 142 markers. There are 11 breaking points(three on each chromosome 2、3 and one on each chromosome 1,4,5,6,9) on the map due to markers on the map are not evenly distributed, the largest blank area upto 47.5CM is in chromosome 2. There are 3 breaking points on the lingkage map of LongS and Nipponbare, two in chromosome 2 and one in chromosome 4.
(3) LongS and Nipponbare were used as the parental lines for the construction of the F2 mapping population.Inoculating the population with a rice blast isolate 318-2 and the result indicated that blast resistance gene to 318-2 of LongS is controlled by single dominant gene. To rapidly determine the chromosomal location of the major resistance gene present in the cultivar, a linkage analysis using SSR markers was performed in the F2 population. A total of 290 SSR markers selected from each chromosome equally were tested with the bulked-segregant assay approach. Only three markers, RM7212, RM3912 and SFP-9-2, located on the long arm of chromosome 9 showed positive and negative polymorphisms, respectively, for a resistance gene segregating in the population. To confirm the polymorphic markers, a total of 34 viable susceptible individuals were tested with the recessive class analysis approach. The markers RM7212, RM3912 and SFP-9-2 were found to link to the resistance gene with recombination rates of 13.24%,7.35% and 2.94%.
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