上海残疾人旅游发展对策研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
旅游是残疾人获得平等权利,参与社会活动,共享社会文明的重要途径。但目前国内业界和学界对残疾人的旅游活动关注度不高,忽视了残疾人作为社会公民应具有的旅游权利,对于残疾人从事旅游活动对旅游业的和谐发展和社会的积极作用认识不清。上海作为文明程度很高的国际化大都市,借“特奥会”和“世博会”举办的契机,通过旅游这一纽带,鼓励更多残疾人参与社会活动,是一项意义重大的工作。因此,研究上海市残疾人旅游发展对策对上海以及全国的残疾人旅游事业的发展都具有重要的理论和实践意义。
     本篇论文主要论述两个方面的内容:
     第一,评述国内外残疾人旅游的研究状况。首先,本文在分析国内外残疾人旅游发展的前提下,主要阐述了国外残疾人旅游的研究焦点及不足之处,以及得出对我国有益的启示。
     第二,本文的重点内容是对我国尤其是上海市残疾人旅游的发展进行研究探讨。主要分为两大部分:首先,从供给和需求两方面详细分析了我国残疾人旅游发展的现状,并找出制约我国发展残疾人旅游的主要因素。其次,本研究以上海为例,在对本市残疾人出游意愿,残疾人游客对旅游景点无障碍设施的评价调查分析的基础上,对残疾人出游特征进行分析,并对限制残疾人游客出游的因素进行探讨,在此基础上提出相关的建议和对策,为政府部门的决策提供科学依据,提高残疾人参与旅游的比率,进一步促进和谐旅游、和谐上海的构建。
That disabled persons obtains the equal rights to travel and participate in social activities is an important way to share social civilization,but the domestic industry and educational circles pay little attention to the disabled person of the tourist activity at present, and have ignored the travel right that the disabled person should have as a social citizen, and not knowing clearly in harmonious development and positive role of the society to tourist industry of tourist activity to the disabled person. Shanghai as the internationalized metropolis with very high civilization degree .It is a job of great significance through the tie of travelling in the opportunity of " Special Olympic Games " and" World Expo "to encourage more disabled persons to participate in social activities. So, studying the travel development countermeasure of disabled person of Shanghai will have important theory and practice meanings to the development of the tourist industry of the disabled person of Shanghai and the whole country.
     This thesis describes the content of two respects mainly:
     First, comment the state of development that the domestic and international disabled person travels. First of all, on the premise of analysing domestic and international disabled person's travel development ,this text have explained research focus and weak point that the foreign disabled person travels , and draw the enlightenment beneficial to our country.
     Second, the key content of this text is to carry on the research to the development that our country, especially disabled person travelling in Shanghai . It is divided into two major parts mainly: Analysed the current situation of travel development of disabled person of our country from two respects of supply and demand in detail at first, and find out the main factor of restraining the disabled person of development of our country from travelling. Secondly, this research takes Shanghai as an example, on the basis of the the will that go on a tour to the disabled person in this city and on the foundation analyse to which disabled person visitors appraisal of facilities without hitch of scenic spot, analyse disabled person characteristic and the restrained factors, offer the correlated suggestion with the countermeasure in this basis and scientific basis for decision of the government department.It will improve the rate that the disabled person participates in travelling, promote the construction of harmonious travelling, and harmonious Shanghai further.
引文
1 联 合 国 电 台 . 中 国 残 联 官 员 谈 《 残 疾 人 公 约 》 谈 判[EB/OL].http://www0.un.org/chinese/radio/story.asp?NewsID=1880
    2人民网.第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报[EB/OL]. http://society.people.com.cn/GB/5791214.html
    [1]联合国电台. 中国残联官员谈《残疾人公约》谈判[EB/OL].http://www0.un.org/chinese/radio/story.asp?News ID=1880
    [2]世界卫生组织.《缺陷、残疾和障碍的国际分类》[Z].日内瓦:世界卫生组织 1980.
    [3] 中华人民共和国第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会.《中华人民共和国残疾人保障法》[Z].北京:1990.
    [4] 人民网.第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报[EB/OL]. http://society.people.com.cn/GB/5791214.html
    [5] 何有贵, 张丹羊,何道岚.残疾人参团旅游美梦成真.广州日报[N]/2007 -5 -9 日(19 ).
    [6]八方游人的金色旅途 人民日报海外版[N] /2004 -12- 22 日
    [7]上海市助残疾人出门游 上海新民晚报[N]/ 2007-05-14 日
    [8] Ross,G.A.,Attitudes towards the disabled in destination marketing organizations (Marketing organizations). PhD thesis,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 1994
    [9]Almon-Hamm,P.A.,Mass transportation operators’beliefs about visual impairment. PhD thesis,University of Texas,Austin. 1997
    [10]Daruwalla,P.S.,Attitudes,disability and the hospitality and tourism industry. PhD thesis,University of Newcastle,NSW.1999
    [11]Foggin,S.E.A.,The experience of leisure tourism of people with disabilities. PhD thesis,University of Montreal 2000
    [12]Darcy,S.,Disabling journeys:The social relations of tourism for people with impairments in Australia-An analysis of government tourism authorities and accommodation sector practices and discourses. PhD thesis,University of technology,Sydney. 2004
    [13]Cordes,Ibrahim, Applications In Recreation and Leisure: For Today and the Future with PowerWeb Bind-in Passcard1999
    [14]Krause, D., Reynold,F.,A guide for making a mobility map. Local government and shires association of NSW:Sydney; 1996
    [15]Turco,D.M.,Stumbo,N.,Garncarz,J.,Tourism constraints-People with disabilities[J]. Parks and recreation journal, 1998,33(9):78-84.
    [16]McAvoy et al., Outdoors for Everyone: Opportunities that Include People with Disabilities[J] Parks & Recreation, 2001,36 (8) :24,26,28,30,32-33,35-36
    [17]G Robb, A Ewert, Risk recreation and persons with disabilities[J]. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 1987, 21(1).:58-69 [18 ]David K. Howard, The Role of Recreation in Preventing Youth With Disabilities From Coming Into Contact With the Juvenile Justice System and Preventing Recidivism July 2002 http://www.air.org/cecp and http://www.edjj.org.
    [19]Woodside,A.G., Etzel,M.J., Impact of physical and mental handicaps on vacation travel behavior[J]. Journal of travel research,1980,18(3):9-11.
    [20]Smith,R, Leisure of disabled tourists:Barriers to participation[J]. Annals of tourism research,1987,14(3):376-389.
    [21]Darcy,S., Daruwalla,P.S.,The trouble with travel:People with disabilities and tourism[J]. Social alternative,1999,18(1):41-46.
    [22] Foggin,S.E.A., The experience of leisure tourism of people with disabilities. Unpublished Ph.D thesis,Universite de Montreal,Faculte des Erudes Superieures,Montreal.2000
    [23]S Kennedy , Special recreation: Opportunities for persons with disabilities 1991
    [24]Hunter,D.W.,Social constraints on the play behavior of the disabled person[J]. Journal ofleisurability,1984,11(4):8-12.
    [25]Wade,M.G., Hoover,J.H.,Mental retardation as a constraint on leisure. In M.G.Wade and M.Ellis(Eds.), Constraints on leisure.C.C. Thomas:Springfield,1984,I11.83-110
    [26]Bedini,L.A.,Henderson,K.A.,Women with disabilities and the challenge to leisure service providers[J]. Journal of parks and recreation administration,1994,12(1):34
    [27]Perry,T.L., The experience of leisure constraints by families who have children with physical disabilities. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University. 1994
    [28]Henderson,K.A.,Bedini,L.A.,Hecht,L., Schuler,R., Women with physical disabilities and the negotiation of leisure constraints[J].Leisure studies,1995,14(1):17-31
    [29]Henderson ,K.A., Bedini ,L.A.,Women,leisure,and “Double whammies”:Empowerment and constraint[J]. Journal of leisurability,1997,24(1):36-46
    [30]Dattilo ,J.,Caldwell,L.,Lee,Y., Kleiber,D.A.,Returning to the community with a spinal cord injury:Implications for therapeutic recreation specialists[J].Therapeutic recreation journal,1998,32(1):13-27.
    [31]Bedini,L.A.,”just sit down so we can talk”:Perceived stigma and community recreation persuits of people with disabilities[J].Therapeutic recreation journal,2000,34(1):55-68
    [32]Oliva,G.A., Simonsen,A., Re-thinking leisure services for deaf and heard of hearing persons: A new paradigm[J]. Parks& Recreation,2000,3(5):78-85
    [33]Rimmer,J.H.,Rubin,S.S., Braddock,D. Barriers to exercise in African American women with physical disabilities[J]. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,2000,81(2):182-188
    [34]Davis,E.,Beer,J.,Gligora,C.,Thorn,A.,Accounting for change in disability and severe restriction,1981-1998.ABS:Canberra
    [35]Avis, Amanda H.,Card, Jaclyn A.,Cole, Shu T.,Accessibility and attitudinal barriers encounterd by travellers with physical disabilities[J]Tourism Review International, 2005,8( 3):239-248
    [36]Hine,J., Mitchell,F.,Better for everyone?Travel experiences and transport exclusion[J]Urban studies,2001,38(2):319-332.
    [37]Darcy,S.,Anxiety to access:The tourism patterns and experiences of New South Wales people with a physical disability. Tourism new South Wales:Sydney 1998
    [38]Keroul.,Tourism for people with restricted physical ability. Keroul:Quebec 1995
    [39]Murray,M.,Sproats,J.,The disabled traveller:Tourism and disability in Australia [J].Journal of tourism studies,19901(1):9-14
    [40]Cmeron,Darcy,Foggin,Disability,Community and citizenship,NEW premier’department(Eds.),In the proceedings of Making connections:NEW premier’s forum on spinal cord injury and conditions,Sydney Exhibition&Convention centre,Sydney,27-28 February2003
    [41]Darcy,S.,Daruwalla,P.S.,The trouble with travel:People with disabilities and tourism[J].Social alternative,199918(1):41-46.
    [42]Matthew Kwai-sang Yau, Bob McKercher ,Tanya L. Packer,Traveling with a disability :More than an Access Issue[J].Annals of Tourism Research, 2004,31(4):946-960
    [43]Ray N.M.,Ryder M.E., ''Ebilities'' tourism: an exploratory discussion of the travel needs and motivations of the mobility-disabled[J].Tourism Management, 2003,24(1):57-72
    [44]Cameron et al., Easy access Australia(2nd edn.)Kew Publishing:Kew,Vic 2000b
    [45]John J. Burnett,Heather bender baker, Assessing the Travel-Related Behaviors of the Mobility-Disabled Consumer[J].Journal of Travel Research, 2001,40:4-11
    [46]Menzel P, Dolan P, Richardson J, Olsen JA. The role of adaptation to disability and disease inhealth state valuation: a preliminary normative analysis[J].Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma 2002 Dec;55(12):2149-58.
    [47] Jedeloo, LP De Witte, BAJ Linssen, AJP Schrijvers,Client satisfaction with service delivery of assistive technology for outdoor mobility Disability and Rehabilitation[J].International Journal of Rehabilitation Research,2002,24(10):550-557
    [48]Miles,Disability on a different model:Glimpses of Asian heritage[J].. Disability&Society2000,15(4)603-618
    [49]Keiko Takeda,Keiko Takeda,U.S. Tour Operators and Travel Agencies: Barriers Encountered When Providing Package Tours to People Who Have Difficulty Walking[J].Journal of travel&tourism marketing,2002,12(1):47-61
    [50]Schleien, Ray, Green, Community Recreation and People with Disabilities: Strategies for Inclusion[J]Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 1997
    [51]Kennedy,D.W.,Smith,R.,Austin,D.R.,Special recreation:Opportunities for persons with disabilities(2nd edn.)Wm.C.Brown Pub,:Dubuque,lowa. 1991
    [52]Israeli, It might not be plane sailing but it is better than before[J]Sydney morning herald,2002 18 April,27
    [53]Woodside,A.G., Etzel,M.J., Impact of physical and mental handicaps on vacation travel behavior[J]. Journal of travel research,1980,18(3):9-11.
    [54]Cavinato,J.L.,Cuckovich,M.L.,Transportation and tourism for the disabled:An assessment[J]Transportation journal,1992,31(3):46-53
    [55]John J. Burnett , What services marketers need to know about the mobility- disabled consumer[J]Journal of Services Marketing ,1996,10(3): 3 – 20
    [56]Turco,D.M.,Stumbo,N.,Garncarz,J.,Tourism constraints-People with disabilities[J]. Parks and recreation journal,1998,33(9):78-84.
    [57]John J. Burnett ,Heather Bender Baker Assessing the Travel–Related Behaviors of the Mobility–Disabled Consumer[J] Journal of Travel Research, 2001,40(1):4-11
    [58]Durgin,R.W.,Lindsay,N., Hamilton,F.,A guide to recreation ,leisure and travel for the handicapped [J]Travel and transportation. Resource directories:Toledo,Ohio. 1985,2
    [59]Touche Ross.,Profiting from opportunities-a new market for tourism. Touche Ross&Co:London 1993
    [60]Henderson,K.A.,Bedini,L.A.,Hecht,L., Schuler,R., Women with physical disabilities and the negotiation of leisure constraints[J].Leisure studies,1995,4(1):17-31
    [61]Oliva,G.A.,Simonsen,A., Re-thinking leisure services for deaf and heard of hearing persons: A new paradigm[J]. Parks& Recreation,2000,35(5):78-85
    [62]Smith, J. G., Davison, A., Scholl, K. G. Agency readiness to provide inclusive recreation and after-school services for children with disabilities[J].Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 2005 ,39(1) :47-62
    [63]Abeyratne,R.I.R.,Proposals and guidelines for the carriage of elderly and disabled persons by air[J].Journal of travel research,1995,33(3):52-59
    [64] Armstrong,D.,Discrimination at airlines remains a problem for disabled travelers[N]The wall street journal,May9 2001
    [65]Cavinato,J.L.,Cuckovich,M.L.,Transportation and tourism for the disabled:An assessment. [J] Transportation journal,1992,31(3):46-53
    [66]Gallagher ,J.M., Hull,A.H.,Cruise ship accommodations for passengers with physical limitationsdue to disability or age[J]. American journal of occupational therapy,1996,50(8):685-687.
    [67]Aviad A. Israeli ,A Preliminary Investigation of the Importance of Site Accessibility :Factors for Disabled Tourists[J].Journal of Travel Research,2002 ,41(1):101-104
    [68]Muloin,S.,Weiler,B.,Provision of travel information for persons with specific needs. A.J.Veal,P.Johnson and Cushman(Eds.). In the proceedings of leisure and tourism:Social and environmental change:World leisure and recreation association congress,Sydney,July,UTS/WLRA,1991:631-635
    [69]Eleni Michopoulou,Dimitrios Buhalis, Developing an eTourism Platform for Accessible Tourism in Europe[J]Technical Challenges Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, 2006
    [70]Upchurch,R.S.,Seo,J.W.,Civic responsibility and market positioning:Complying with the Americans with disabilities Act[J]. Faciliyies,1996,14(5/6)
    [71]Smith,J.H.J.,A study of handicapped employment in the hospitality industry. [J]Hospitality&Tourism Educator.1992,4(3):16-25.
    [72]Keroul-Tourism and Culture for People with Restricted Physical Ability.. A growth market: Behaviors of tourists with restricted physical abilities in Canada. Montreal, Quebec: Keroul. 2000
    [73]郭鲁芳,史芝英. 试论残疾人旅游市场的开发[J].商业经济和管理,1999
    [74]饶华清. 为所有人的无障碍旅游——从长三角无障碍旅游看待残疾人旅游[J].黑龙江科技信息,2004
    [75]赵萍 ,谢维新.上海残疾人旅游服务发展现状与对策[J].当代经理人,2005
    [76]张丹宇,余绍华. 试析我国残疾人旅游市场的开发与对策研究[J].昆明大学学报,2006
    [77]陈凯,王莹. 残疾人旅游市场 -----和谐社会中不容忽视的旅游细分市场[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2006
    [78]宫斐. 残疾人旅游障碍分析及其市场开发[J].华侨大学学报,2007
    [79]荆怀芳 ,杨文棋 ,刘明岩. 美景无声胜有声 命运无情人有情——我国残疾人旅游市场的开发[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2007