不同生育阶段间歇灌溉对镉污染稻田双季稻产量构成与镉累积的影响
|
摘要
为给镉污染稻区水稻合理灌溉提供理论与技术参考,通过盆栽试验研究了不同生育阶段间歇灌溉对双季稻产量构成与镉累积的影响。结果表明:(1)2季水稻总产以全生育期淹水灌溉处理最高,其次是全生育期间歇灌溉与齐穗至灌浆中期间歇灌溉处理,孕穗至齐穗期间歇灌溉处理产量显著降低;全生育期淹水灌溉处理有利于提高结实率,而全生育期间歇灌溉与分蘖至孕穗间歇灌溉处理有利于提高有效穗数。(2)灌水方式显著影响水稻各器官成熟期镉含量,其中全生育期间歇灌溉有显著提高效果,而全生育期淹水灌溉有降低效应。孕穗至齐穗、齐穗至灌浆中期间歇灌溉处理早、晚稻籽粒镉含量显著低于其他生育阶段间歇灌溉处理。(3)地上部镉累积量以全生育期淹水灌溉处理最低,全生育期间歇灌溉处理最高;各间歇灌溉处理中,孕穗至齐穗、齐穗至灌浆中期间歇灌溉处理地上部镉累积量相对较低。综上所述,为确保双季稻产量、降低稻米镉含量,镉污染稻区最佳灌溉方式为全生育期淹水灌溉,在水资源较紧张的情况下,齐穗至灌浆中期可采取间歇灌溉方式。
To provide the theoretical and technical references for rational irrigation of rice in cadmium(Cd) polluted rice area, effects of intermittent irrigation at different growth stages on yield component and Cd accumulation of double-cropping rice were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that:(1) The total yield of double-cropping rice in the treatment of flooded irrigation in whole growth duration(FWD) was the highest, and that of treatment of intermittent irrigation in whole growth duration(IWD) and intermittent irrigation at full heading to mid-filling stage(IHM) followed, and that of treatment of intermittent irrigation at booting to full heading stage(IBH) decreased significantly. FWD was beneficial to increase the seed setting rate, while IWD and treatment of intermittent irrigation at tillering to booting stage(ITB) was beneficial to increase effective panicles number.(2) Irrigation modes significantly affected the Cd content in all rice organs at maturity stage, in which IWD had a significant improvement effect, while FWD had a decrease effect. Cd content in grains of early and late rice treated with IBH and IHM was significantly lower than that of treatment of intermittent irrigation at others stages.(3) As for the Cd accumulation of aboveground of rice in the whole growth duration, FWD was the lowest, and IWD was the highest. In all treatments of intermittent irrigation, Cd accumulation in aboveground of rice was relatively lower in treatments of IBH and IHM. In conclusion, in order to ensure the yield of double-cropping rice and reduce the Cd content in rice grains, FWD was the best irrigation mode in Cd polluted rice area, while IHM was the optimal irrigation mode under condition of water resource shortage.
To provide the theoretical and technical references for rational irrigation of rice in cadmium(Cd) polluted rice area, effects of intermittent irrigation at different growth stages on yield component and Cd accumulation of double-cropping rice were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that:(1) The total yield of double-cropping rice in the treatment of flooded irrigation in whole growth duration(FWD) was the highest, and that of treatment of intermittent irrigation in whole growth duration(IWD) and intermittent irrigation at full heading to mid-filling stage(IHM) followed, and that of treatment of intermittent irrigation at booting to full heading stage(IBH) decreased significantly. FWD was beneficial to increase the seed setting rate, while IWD and treatment of intermittent irrigation at tillering to booting stage(ITB) was beneficial to increase effective panicles number.(2) Irrigation modes significantly affected the Cd content in all rice organs at maturity stage, in which IWD had a significant improvement effect, while FWD had a decrease effect. Cd content in grains of early and late rice treated with IBH and IHM was significantly lower than that of treatment of intermittent irrigation at others stages.(3) As for the Cd accumulation of aboveground of rice in the whole growth duration, FWD was the lowest, and IWD was the highest. In all treatments of intermittent irrigation, Cd accumulation in aboveground of rice was relatively lower in treatments of IBH and IHM. In conclusion, in order to ensure the yield of double-cropping rice and reduce the Cd content in rice grains, FWD was the best irrigation mode in Cd polluted rice area, while IHM was the optimal irrigation mode under condition of water resource shortage.
引文
[1] 唐绍清.稻米蒸煮和营养品质性状的QTL定位[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[2] 赵雄,李福燕,张冬明,等.水稻土镉污染与水稻镉含量相关性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(11):2236-2240.
[3] 肖相芬,张经廷,周丽丽,等.中国水稻重金属镉与铅污染GAP栽培控制关键点分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(21):130-136.
[4] 纪雄辉,梁永超,鲁艳红,等.污染稻田水分管理对水稻吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3930-3939.
[5] 刘昭兵,纪雄辉,彭华,等.水分管理模式对水稻吸收累积镉的影响及其作用机理[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):908-914.
[6] 陈喆,张淼,叶长城,等.富硅肥料和水分管理对稻米镉污染阻控效果研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4003-4011.
[7] 罗惠莉,王宇霖,周思,等.生物炭基调理剂对水稻镉吸收的影响[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(4):1190-1197.
[8] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 2762—2017食品安全国家标准-食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[9] 许振柱,于振文,张永丽,等.灌溉条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及其品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):682-687.
[10] 付景,刘洁,杨建昌,等.结实期干湿交替灌溉对2个超级稻品种结实率和粒重的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(6):1056-1065.
[11] 张丽娜,宗良纲,付世景,等.水分管理方式对水稻在Cd污染土壤上生长及其吸收Cd的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(5):49-52.
[12] 邵玺文,刘红丹,杜震宇,等.不同时期水分处理对水稻生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):193-196.
[13] 苏雨婷,赵英杰,谷子寒,等.灌溉方式对土壤有效镉含量与双季稻产量形成及镉累积分配的影响[J].作物研究,2018,32(3):180-187.
[14] Takijima Y,Katsumi F,Takerawak K.Cadmium contamination of soils and rice.Plants caused by zinc mining[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1973,19:173-182.
[15] Imura K.Heavy metal Problems in Paddy Soil [C]// Kitagishi K,Yamane l.Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil of Japan.Tokyo:Japan Scientific Societies Press,1981.
[16] Kashem M A,Singh B R.Metal availability in contaminated soils:Ⅱ.Uptake of Cd,Ni and Zn in rice plants grown under flooded culture with organic matter addition [J].Nutrient Cycling Agroeeosystems,2001,61(3):257-266.
[17] 胡坤.淹水条件下不同中、微量元素和有益元素对土壤镉有效性和水稻吸收镉的影响[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[18] 黄冬芬,奚岭林,王志琴,等.结实期灌溉方式对水稻品质和不同器官镉浓度与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(3):456-464.
[19] 杨定清,雷绍荣,李霞,等.大田水分管理对控制稻米镉含量的技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(18):11-16.
[20] 刘建国.水稻品种对土壤重金属镉铅吸收分配的差异及其机理[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2004.
[21] Yang J,Zhang J,Wang Z,et al.Postanthesis water deficit enhance grain filling in two-line hybrid rice [J].Crop Science,2003,43:2099-2108.
[22] Ben-Asher J,Tsuyuki I,Bravdo B A,et al.Irrigation of grapevines with saline water:I.Leaf area index,stomatal conductance,transpiration and photosynthesis [J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,83:13-21.
[2] 赵雄,李福燕,张冬明,等.水稻土镉污染与水稻镉含量相关性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(11):2236-2240.
[3] 肖相芬,张经廷,周丽丽,等.中国水稻重金属镉与铅污染GAP栽培控制关键点分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(21):130-136.
[4] 纪雄辉,梁永超,鲁艳红,等.污染稻田水分管理对水稻吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3930-3939.
[5] 刘昭兵,纪雄辉,彭华,等.水分管理模式对水稻吸收累积镉的影响及其作用机理[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):908-914.
[6] 陈喆,张淼,叶长城,等.富硅肥料和水分管理对稻米镉污染阻控效果研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4003-4011.
[7] 罗惠莉,王宇霖,周思,等.生物炭基调理剂对水稻镉吸收的影响[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(4):1190-1197.
[8] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB 2762—2017食品安全国家标准-食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[9] 许振柱,于振文,张永丽,等.灌溉条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及其品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):682-687.
[10] 付景,刘洁,杨建昌,等.结实期干湿交替灌溉对2个超级稻品种结实率和粒重的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(6):1056-1065.
[11] 张丽娜,宗良纲,付世景,等.水分管理方式对水稻在Cd污染土壤上生长及其吸收Cd的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(5):49-52.
[12] 邵玺文,刘红丹,杜震宇,等.不同时期水分处理对水稻生长及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):193-196.
[13] 苏雨婷,赵英杰,谷子寒,等.灌溉方式对土壤有效镉含量与双季稻产量形成及镉累积分配的影响[J].作物研究,2018,32(3):180-187.
[14] Takijima Y,Katsumi F,Takerawak K.Cadmium contamination of soils and rice.Plants caused by zinc mining[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1973,19:173-182.
[15] Imura K.Heavy metal Problems in Paddy Soil [C]// Kitagishi K,Yamane l.Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil of Japan.Tokyo:Japan Scientific Societies Press,1981.
[16] Kashem M A,Singh B R.Metal availability in contaminated soils:Ⅱ.Uptake of Cd,Ni and Zn in rice plants grown under flooded culture with organic matter addition [J].Nutrient Cycling Agroeeosystems,2001,61(3):257-266.
[17] 胡坤.淹水条件下不同中、微量元素和有益元素对土壤镉有效性和水稻吸收镉的影响[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[18] 黄冬芬,奚岭林,王志琴,等.结实期灌溉方式对水稻品质和不同器官镉浓度与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(3):456-464.
[19] 杨定清,雷绍荣,李霞,等.大田水分管理对控制稻米镉含量的技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(18):11-16.
[20] 刘建国.水稻品种对土壤重金属镉铅吸收分配的差异及其机理[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2004.
[21] Yang J,Zhang J,Wang Z,et al.Postanthesis water deficit enhance grain filling in two-line hybrid rice [J].Crop Science,2003,43:2099-2108.
[22] Ben-Asher J,Tsuyuki I,Bravdo B A,et al.Irrigation of grapevines with saline water:I.Leaf area index,stomatal conductance,transpiration and photosynthesis [J].Agricultural Water Management,2006,83:13-21.