基于博弈模型构建寻找采矿用地退出新途径
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摘要
我国面临着采矿用地退出进度缓慢且退出效果不佳的问题。据统计,采矿废弃地占工业废弃地的70%以上,采矿用地的顺利退出对于减缓建设用地指标压力、调节耕地占补平衡矛盾、促进土地资源集约节约利用具有重要意义。由于采矿活动结束后,土地使用权面临收回的情况,政府与企业就采矿用地退出后的利益分配进行谈判、博弈,这成为阻碍采矿用地顺利退出的主要矛盾。为此,本研究通过运用鲁宾斯坦恩-斯塔尔"讨价还价"理论来建立政府-企业博弈模型,模拟分析政府与企业之间在采矿用地退出时的利益分配过程,运用逆向归纳的思路求解出双方所得利益。研究发现,影响采矿用地退出进度的关键因素为双方在博弈过程中各自的贴现率,基于此提出了PPP模式、多样化供地以及复垦激励机制等采矿用地退出新途径。本研究可为指导采矿用地退出和实现资源优化配置提供理论参考。
China is facing the problem that the withdrawal of mining land is slow and the effect is not good.By using Rubenstein Starr's"bargaining"theory to establish government-enterprise game model,this paper simulates and analyzes the benefit distribution process between government and enterprise when the mining land is withdrawn.It is found that the key factor influencing the withdrawal progress of mining land is the discount rate of both sides in the process of game.Based on this,a new approach of mining land withdrawal is proposed,such as PPP model,diversification of land supply and incentive mechanism of reclamation.This study can provide a theoretical reference for guiding the withdrawal of mining land and realizing the optimal allocation of resources.
China is facing the problem that the withdrawal of mining land is slow and the effect is not good.By using Rubenstein Starr's"bargaining"theory to establish government-enterprise game model,this paper simulates and analyzes the benefit distribution process between government and enterprise when the mining land is withdrawn.It is found that the key factor influencing the withdrawal progress of mining land is the discount rate of both sides in the process of game.Based on this,a new approach of mining land withdrawal is proposed,such as PPP model,diversification of land supply and incentive mechanism of reclamation.This study can provide a theoretical reference for guiding the withdrawal of mining land and realizing the optimal allocation of resources.
引文
[1]杨慧丽，付梅臣．法规范视角下矿业用地盘活模式的归纳与设计[J]．中国矿业，2016,25(3):21-24.YANG Huili,FU Meichen.Induction and design of mining land activation model from the perspective of law and regulation[J].China Mining Magazine,2016,25(3):21-24.
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[11]王新年，沈大军．基于讨价还价模型的跨省水源地保护生态补偿标准研究———以于桥水库为例[J]．南水北调与水利科技，2017,15(6):88-95.WANG Xinnian,SHEN Dajun.Research on eco-compensation standards of interprovincial water source protection based on bargaining model:a case study of Yuqiao reservoir[J].Southto-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(6):88-95.
[12] SHAKED V,SUTTON J.Involuntary unemployment as a perfect equilibrium in a bargaining model[J].Econometrica,1984,52(6):1351-1364.
[13]刘薇．PPP模式理论阐释及其现实例证[J]．改革，2015(1):78-89.LIU Wei.Theoretical explanation of PPP mode and its practical examples[J].Reform,2015(1):78-89.
[14]许明月．市场经济下我国土地权利的独立性研究[J]．现代法学，1999(1):47-50.XU Mingyue.Study on the independence of land rights in China under market economy[J].Modern Law Science,1999(1):47-50.
[15]杨旋．部有关负责人解读《关于加快建设绿色矿山的实施意见》[J]．青海国土经略，2017(3):26-27.YANG Xuan.Interpretation of“Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Green Mines”by relevant heads of the Ministry of Natural Resource[J].Qinghai Guotu Jinglue,2017(3):26-27.
[16]骆云中，许坚，谢德体．我国现行矿业用地制度存在的问题及其对策[J]．资源科学，2004,26(3):116-122.LUO Yunzhong,XU Jian,XIE Deti.Institution of mining land in china:problems and solutions[J].Resources Science,2004,26(3):116-122.
[17]谭文兵．对我国采矿用地管理改革的思考[J]．中国矿业，2013,22(S1):69-71,106.TAN Wenbing.Thoughts on the reform of the land use for mining development projects[J].China Mining Magazine,2013,22(S1):69-71,106.
[18]白晓东．矿业用地方式可以多样[J]．中国土地，2010(7):47-48.BAI Xiaodong.Mining land can be used in a variety of ways[J].China Land,2010(7):47-48.
[19]刘金平，王陶，张德明，等．土地复垦投资机制及其制度[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2002,12(2):103-108.LIU Jinping,WANG Tao,ZHANG Deming,et al.Mechanism and system of land reclamation investment[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2002,12(2):103-108.
[2]张婉丽，李炜，吴永高．矿业用地管理问题探析[J]．中国土地，2005(12):18-19.ZHANG Wanli,LI Wei,WU Yonggao.Analysis on the management of mining land[J].China Land,2005(12):18-19.
[3]赵淑芹，刘树明，唐守普．我国矿业用地退出机制研究[J]．中国矿业，2011,20(10):1-5.ZHAO Shuqin,LIU Shuming,TANG Shoupu.Research on the withdrawal mechanism of mining land in China[J].China Mining Magazine,2011,20(10):1-5.
[4]郑学忠，郭春颖，张昭．矿业用地管理与改革探析[J]．中国矿业，2013,22(11):46-49,71.ZHENG Xuezhong,GUO Chunying,ZHANG Zhao.Analysis of mining land management and reform[J].China Mining Magazine,2013,22(11):46-49,71.
[5]郑美珍．灵活供地明确退出———解决采矿用地“两头难”问题[J]．国土资源情报，2011(8):20-22,48.ZHENG Meizhen.Clear withdrawal of flexible land supplysolving the problem of“two difficult ends”of mining land[J].Land and Resources Information,2011(8):20-22,48.
[6]康纪田．供给侧结构性改革下的矿业用地制度取向[J]．上海国土资源，2017,38(4):46-49.KANG Jitian.System orientation of mining land under the supply-side structural reform[J].Shanghai Land and Resources,2017,38(4):46-49.
[7]杨慧丽，付梅臣．采矿用地复垦促进机制探讨[J]．中国土地，2016(2):29-31.YANG Huili,FU Meichen.Discussion on promoting mechanism of mining land reclamation[J].China Land,2016(2):29-31.
[8]郭冬艳，吴尚昆，侯华丽．以制度创新破解矿业用地难题[J]．中国土地，2018(3):47-49.GUO Dongyan,WU Shangkun,HOU Huali.To solve the mining land problem with institutional innovation[J].China Land,2018(3):47-49.
[9]刘仁芙．我国土地复垦形势与政策建议[J]．中国土地，2002(3):32-35.LIU Renfu.Suggestions on the situation and policies of land reclamation in China[J].China Land,2002(3):32-35.
[10]邓珊．基于动态博弈的矿区土地退出路径优选[D]．徐州：中国矿业大学，2015.
[11]王新年，沈大军．基于讨价还价模型的跨省水源地保护生态补偿标准研究———以于桥水库为例[J]．南水北调与水利科技，2017,15(6):88-95.WANG Xinnian,SHEN Dajun.Research on eco-compensation standards of interprovincial water source protection based on bargaining model:a case study of Yuqiao reservoir[J].Southto-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2017,15(6):88-95.
[12] SHAKED V,SUTTON J.Involuntary unemployment as a perfect equilibrium in a bargaining model[J].Econometrica,1984,52(6):1351-1364.
[13]刘薇．PPP模式理论阐释及其现实例证[J]．改革，2015(1):78-89.LIU Wei.Theoretical explanation of PPP mode and its practical examples[J].Reform,2015(1):78-89.
[14]许明月．市场经济下我国土地权利的独立性研究[J]．现代法学，1999(1):47-50.XU Mingyue.Study on the independence of land rights in China under market economy[J].Modern Law Science,1999(1):47-50.
[15]杨旋．部有关负责人解读《关于加快建设绿色矿山的实施意见》[J]．青海国土经略，2017(3):26-27.YANG Xuan.Interpretation of“Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Green Mines”by relevant heads of the Ministry of Natural Resource[J].Qinghai Guotu Jinglue,2017(3):26-27.
[16]骆云中，许坚，谢德体．我国现行矿业用地制度存在的问题及其对策[J]．资源科学，2004,26(3):116-122.LUO Yunzhong,XU Jian,XIE Deti.Institution of mining land in china:problems and solutions[J].Resources Science,2004,26(3):116-122.
[17]谭文兵．对我国采矿用地管理改革的思考[J]．中国矿业，2013,22(S1):69-71,106.TAN Wenbing.Thoughts on the reform of the land use for mining development projects[J].China Mining Magazine,2013,22(S1):69-71,106.
[18]白晓东．矿业用地方式可以多样[J]．中国土地，2010(7):47-48.BAI Xiaodong.Mining land can be used in a variety of ways[J].China Land,2010(7):47-48.
[19]刘金平，王陶，张德明，等．土地复垦投资机制及其制度[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2002,12(2):103-108.LIU Jinping,WANG Tao,ZHANG Deming,et al.Mechanism and system of land reclamation investment[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2002,12(2):103-108.