PPP模式下中国农村环境治理的成效和问题及对策建议
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摘要
农村环境污染是我国城乡全面发展面临的突出问题。在PPP项目快速扩张及美丽乡村建设硬任务下,探究农村环境治理PPP模式的具体做法及成效具有现实意义。结果发现,农村环境治理PPP实践可分为独立环节、专项治理和全域治理三种典型模式,这在一定程度上可解决资金、技术和主体等关键短板。但不可忽视的是,其实践效果不太理想且面临诸多难点,例如融资功能依旧占主导、项目规模偏大且盈利性弱、竞争性市场未形成等。因此,农村环境治理PPP模式需从实际出发并审慎推进、项目规模坚持适度原则、强化政府契约精神和有效监管,发挥农民主体作用并增强获得感。
The rural environmental problem has always been the bottleneck faced by China's social and economic sustainable development,and it is also a huge challenge for the rural revitalization strategy. At present,China ' s PPP is developing alternately,and it is of practical significance to explore the specific practices and effects of rural environmental governance PPP model. The results show that the rural environmental governance PPP practice can be divided into three typical models:independent link, special governance and global governance, which can solve the key shortcomings such as capital,technology and subject to a certain extent. However,it cannot be ignored that its practical effects are not ideal and face many difficult problems,such as large differences in cognition of each subject,large project scale and weak profitability,and the formation of competitive markets. Therefore,the rural environmental governance PPP model needs to proceed from the reality and prudently advance,the project scale adheres to the principle of appropriateness,strengthens the spirit of government contract and effective supervision,exerts the role of farmers and enhances the sense of acquisition.
The rural environmental problem has always been the bottleneck faced by China's social and economic sustainable development,and it is also a huge challenge for the rural revitalization strategy. At present,China ' s PPP is developing alternately,and it is of practical significance to explore the specific practices and effects of rural environmental governance PPP model. The results show that the rural environmental governance PPP practice can be divided into three typical models:independent link, special governance and global governance, which can solve the key shortcomings such as capital,technology and subject to a certain extent. However,it cannot be ignored that its practical effects are not ideal and face many difficult problems,such as large differences in cognition of each subject,large project scale and weak profitability,and the formation of competitive markets. Therefore,the rural environmental governance PPP model needs to proceed from the reality and prudently advance,the project scale adheres to the principle of appropriateness,strengthens the spirit of government contract and effective supervision,exerts the role of farmers and enhances the sense of acquisition.
引文
[1]金书秦，邢晓旭．农业面源污染的趋势研判、政策评述和对策建议[J]．中国农业科学，2018,51(3):593-600.
[2]王亚华，高瑞，孟庆国．中国农村公共事务治理的危机与响应[J]．清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)，2016(2):23-29.
[3]杜焱强，刘平养，吴娜伟．政府和社会资本合作会成为中国农村环境治理的新模式吗?基于全国若干案例的现实检验[J]．中国农村经济，2018(12):67-82.
[4]谷晓明，邢可霞，易礼军，等．农村养殖户畜禽粪污综合利用的公共私营合作制(PPP)模式分析[J]．生态与农村环境学报．2017(1):62-69.
[5]张玉林．农村环境:系统性伤害与碎片化治理[J]．武汉大学学报(人文科学版)，2016,69(2):9-12.
(1)典型案例分别为福建南平畜禽养殖污染治理、四川蒲江畜禽养殖污染治理;安徽全椒县农村生活垃圾、上海重固镇新型城镇化;浙江余姚农村生活污水处理、四川广安全域性水环境治理。
[2]王亚华，高瑞，孟庆国．中国农村公共事务治理的危机与响应[J]．清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)，2016(2):23-29.
[3]杜焱强，刘平养，吴娜伟．政府和社会资本合作会成为中国农村环境治理的新模式吗?基于全国若干案例的现实检验[J]．中国农村经济，2018(12):67-82.
[4]谷晓明，邢可霞，易礼军，等．农村养殖户畜禽粪污综合利用的公共私营合作制(PPP)模式分析[J]．生态与农村环境学报．2017(1):62-69.
[5]张玉林．农村环境:系统性伤害与碎片化治理[J]．武汉大学学报(人文科学版)，2016,69(2):9-12.
(1)典型案例分别为福建南平畜禽养殖污染治理、四川蒲江畜禽养殖污染治理;安徽全椒县农村生活垃圾、上海重固镇新型城镇化;浙江余姚农村生活污水处理、四川广安全域性水环境治理。