高温条件下水稻耐感品种冠层微气象特征差异
|
摘要
采用模型法模拟水稻热害过程是研究水稻热害的重要途径,而找到用于模拟的参数是开展这一工作的前提。本试验于2017年采用日本研制的水稻冠层微气象测定仪MINCER,捕获不同温度耐性水稻品种(耐/感)开花期在高温条件下的冠层微气象参数,并与试验地点附近国家基本气象站观察的数据(对照)进行对比。结果表明,与对照点相比,热害发生时,白天(9∶00—19∶00)耐性品种N22水稻冠层内部温度低1.6℃、相对湿度高12.4个百分点,晚间(20∶00—5∶00)水稻冠层内部温度低0.6℃、相对湿度高1.8个百分点;白天感性品种IR64水稻冠层内部温度低1.6℃、相对湿度高16.2个百分点,晚间感性品种IR64水稻冠层内部温度低0.8℃、相对湿度高2.3个百分点。热害发生时,田间水稻冠层内的温湿度与大气环境具有差异,且温湿度变化幅度白天大于夜间,在部分时段出现了冠层内温度高于对照点的异常现象。上述结果说明,未来设定水稻热害鉴定条件、模拟水稻热害受害过程及利用数学模型模拟热害胁迫时,对于白天和夜间的气象条件应加以区分,同时模拟时利用的气象数据应主要以冠层处为准,这对于提高模型预测的准确性具有重要意义。
Modeling the rice heat damage process is an important way to study rice heat damage, and finding the parameters for simulation is the prerequisite for this work. In 2017, this experiment adopted the rice canopy micro-meteorological instrument MINCER developed in Japan to capture the canopy micro-meteorological parameters of different temperature-tolerant rice varieties(resistant/sensitive) at high temperature, and compared with the basic meteorological conditions in the vicinity of the test site. The results showed that, compared with the control point, when the heat damage occurred, the canopy temperature of the heat resistant variety N22 was decreased by 1.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 12.4 percentage point during 9 ∶00—19∶00; the canopy temperature was decreased by 0.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 1.8 percentage point during 20 ∶00—5∶00; the canopy temperature of the sensitive variety IR64 was decreased by 1.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 16.2 percentage point during 9∶00—19∶00; the canopy temperature was decreased by 0.6 ℃ and the relative humidity was increased by 2.3 percentage point during 20 ∶00—5 ∶00.When the heat damage occurs, the temperature and humidity in the rice canopy are different from the atmospheric environment, and the variation of the temperature and humidity in the daytime was greater than at nighttime, the canopy temperature was even higher than the control point sometimes. The results indicated that in the future, when setting the conditions for rice heat damage identification, simulating the damage process of rice heat damage and using mathematical models to simulate heat damage, the meteorological conditions should be distinguished between day and night, and the meteorological data used in the simulation should be mainly based on the canopy data, which is of great significance for improving the accuracy of model prediction.
Modeling the rice heat damage process is an important way to study rice heat damage, and finding the parameters for simulation is the prerequisite for this work. In 2017, this experiment adopted the rice canopy micro-meteorological instrument MINCER developed in Japan to capture the canopy micro-meteorological parameters of different temperature-tolerant rice varieties(resistant/sensitive) at high temperature, and compared with the basic meteorological conditions in the vicinity of the test site. The results showed that, compared with the control point, when the heat damage occurred, the canopy temperature of the heat resistant variety N22 was decreased by 1.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 12.4 percentage point during 9 ∶00—19∶00; the canopy temperature was decreased by 0.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 1.8 percentage point during 20 ∶00—5∶00; the canopy temperature of the sensitive variety IR64 was decreased by 1.6 ℃, the relative humidity was increased by 16.2 percentage point during 9∶00—19∶00; the canopy temperature was decreased by 0.6 ℃ and the relative humidity was increased by 2.3 percentage point during 20 ∶00—5 ∶00.When the heat damage occurs, the temperature and humidity in the rice canopy are different from the atmospheric environment, and the variation of the temperature and humidity in the daytime was greater than at nighttime, the canopy temperature was even higher than the control point sometimes. The results indicated that in the future, when setting the conditions for rice heat damage identification, simulating the damage process of rice heat damage and using mathematical models to simulate heat damage, the meteorological conditions should be distinguished between day and night, and the meteorological data used in the simulation should be mainly based on the canopy data, which is of great significance for improving the accuracy of model prediction.
引文
[1]胡言青,严小静,汪大林,等.气象条件对水稻生产影响研究——以安徽南陵为例[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(24):168-173.
[2]马义虎,杨祥田.高温胁迫对水稻的影响及其对策的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(9):1-8.
[3]段骅,杨建昌.高温对水稻的影响及其机制的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(4):393-400.
[4]田小海,罗海伟,周恒多,等.中国水稻热害研究历史、进展与展望[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(22):166-168.
[5]李敏,马均,王贺正,等.水稻开花期高温胁迫条件下生理生化特性的变化及其与品种耐热性的关系[J].杂交水稻,2007,22(6):62-66.
[6]童志婷,李守华,段维新,等.中稻花期致害高温主导的田间气象特征及其对不同杂交组合水稻结实的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(5):1 163-1 166.
[7]田小海,松井勤,李守华,等.水稻花期高温胁迫研究进展与展望[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(11):2 632-2 636.
[8]王品,魏星,张朝,等.气候变暖背景下水稻低温冷害和高温热害的研究进展[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2 316-2 326.
[9]张桂莲,张顺堂,肖浪涛,等.抽穗开花期高温胁迫对水稻花药、花粉粒及柱头生理特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):155-166.
[10]张祖建,王晴晴,郎有忠,等.水稻抽穗期高温胁迫对不同品种受粉和受精作用的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(2):273-282.
[11]沙依然·外力,李秉柏,张佳华,等.水稻模拟模型在高温敏感性研究中的应用[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(05):515-528.
[12]李琪,任景全,王连喜.未来气候变化情景下江苏水稻高温热害模拟研究Ⅰ:评估孕穗-抽穗期高温热害对水稻产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):91-96.
[13]刘伟昌,张雪芬,余卫东,等.水稻高温热害风险评估方法研究[J].气象与环境科学,2009,32(1):33-38.
[14] MATSUI T, OMASA K, HORIE T. High temperature-induced spikelet sterility of japonica rice at flowering in relation to air temperature, humidity and wind velocity conditions[J]. Jpn J Crop Sci,1997, 66(3):449-455.
[15] MATSUI T, OMASA K, HORIE T. High temperature at flowering inhibits swelling of pollen grains, a driving force for thecae dehiscence in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Plant Prod Sci, 2015, 3(3):430-434.
[16]姚仪敏,闫浩亮,陈建珍,等.利用微气象测定仪MINCER分析热害条件下的水稻冠层微气象特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(6):1 067-1 071.
[17]张文忠,韩亚东,杜宏绢,等.水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分及产量结构的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(1):99-102.
[18]汤亮,李艳大,张玉屏,等.水稻冠层光分布模拟与应用[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(4):427-434.
[19]李艳大,汤亮,张玉屏,等.水稻冠层光截获与叶面积和产量的关系[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(16):3 296-3 305.
[20]孟军,陈温福,王嘉宇.水稻冠层三维结构模型的田间实验验证[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(1):11-14.
[21]石春林,朱艳,曹卫星,等.水稻冠层结构的动态模拟研究[J].作物学报,2006,34(12):1 831-1 835.
[22]冯世座.不同水稻品种冠层内各叶位叶片光合特征和生理生化特性[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2013.
[23]高继平,隋阳辉,张文忠,等.水稻灌浆期冠层温度对植株生理性状及稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(5):501-510.
[24]高继平,韩亚东,王晓通,等.水稻齐穗期冠层温度分异及其相关特性的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(4):399-405.
[25]唐婷,陈艳艳,杨洋,等.水稻耐高温性研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(9):3 694-3 700.
[26]尹朝静,李谷成,高雪.气候因素对水稻单产影响的实证分析——基于湖北农户层面的分层模型[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(8):1 433-1 444.
[27]李飞,卓壮,高用明,等.水稻高温热害发生机理与耐高温遗传基础研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):97-103.
[2]马义虎,杨祥田.高温胁迫对水稻的影响及其对策的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(9):1-8.
[3]段骅,杨建昌.高温对水稻的影响及其机制的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(4):393-400.
[4]田小海,罗海伟,周恒多,等.中国水稻热害研究历史、进展与展望[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(22):166-168.
[5]李敏,马均,王贺正,等.水稻开花期高温胁迫条件下生理生化特性的变化及其与品种耐热性的关系[J].杂交水稻,2007,22(6):62-66.
[6]童志婷,李守华,段维新,等.中稻花期致害高温主导的田间气象特征及其对不同杂交组合水稻结实的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(5):1 163-1 166.
[7]田小海,松井勤,李守华,等.水稻花期高温胁迫研究进展与展望[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(11):2 632-2 636.
[8]王品,魏星,张朝,等.气候变暖背景下水稻低温冷害和高温热害的研究进展[J].资源科学,2014,36(11):2 316-2 326.
[9]张桂莲,张顺堂,肖浪涛,等.抽穗开花期高温胁迫对水稻花药、花粉粒及柱头生理特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):155-166.
[10]张祖建,王晴晴,郎有忠,等.水稻抽穗期高温胁迫对不同品种受粉和受精作用的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(2):273-282.
[11]沙依然·外力,李秉柏,张佳华,等.水稻模拟模型在高温敏感性研究中的应用[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(05):515-528.
[12]李琪,任景全,王连喜.未来气候变化情景下江苏水稻高温热害模拟研究Ⅰ:评估孕穗-抽穗期高温热害对水稻产量的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):91-96.
[13]刘伟昌,张雪芬,余卫东,等.水稻高温热害风险评估方法研究[J].气象与环境科学,2009,32(1):33-38.
[14] MATSUI T, OMASA K, HORIE T. High temperature-induced spikelet sterility of japonica rice at flowering in relation to air temperature, humidity and wind velocity conditions[J]. Jpn J Crop Sci,1997, 66(3):449-455.
[15] MATSUI T, OMASA K, HORIE T. High temperature at flowering inhibits swelling of pollen grains, a driving force for thecae dehiscence in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Plant Prod Sci, 2015, 3(3):430-434.
[16]姚仪敏,闫浩亮,陈建珍,等.利用微气象测定仪MINCER分析热害条件下的水稻冠层微气象特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(6):1 067-1 071.
[17]张文忠,韩亚东,杜宏绢,等.水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分及产量结构的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(1):99-102.
[18]汤亮,李艳大,张玉屏,等.水稻冠层光分布模拟与应用[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(4):427-434.
[19]李艳大,汤亮,张玉屏,等.水稻冠层光截获与叶面积和产量的关系[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(16):3 296-3 305.
[20]孟军,陈温福,王嘉宇.水稻冠层三维结构模型的田间实验验证[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(1):11-14.
[21]石春林,朱艳,曹卫星,等.水稻冠层结构的动态模拟研究[J].作物学报,2006,34(12):1 831-1 835.
[22]冯世座.不同水稻品种冠层内各叶位叶片光合特征和生理生化特性[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2013.
[23]高继平,隋阳辉,张文忠,等.水稻灌浆期冠层温度对植株生理性状及稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(5):501-510.
[24]高继平,韩亚东,王晓通,等.水稻齐穗期冠层温度分异及其相关特性的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(4):399-405.
[25]唐婷,陈艳艳,杨洋,等.水稻耐高温性研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(9):3 694-3 700.
[26]尹朝静,李谷成,高雪.气候因素对水稻单产影响的实证分析——基于湖北农户层面的分层模型[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(8):1 433-1 444.
[27]李飞,卓壮,高用明,等.水稻高温热害发生机理与耐高温遗传基础研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(1):97-103.