生物质炭对土壤-水稻系统中Cd迁移累积的影响
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摘要
探究生物质炭添加对Cd污染土壤中Cd形态、植株对Cd的吸收分配及土壤肥力的影响,为污染稻田粮食安全提供科学依据。在湖南省长沙市Cd污染稻田进行田间定位试验,设置5个生物质炭添加量处理(0,10,20,30,40t/hm~2),分析生物质炭对Cd在土壤中形态转化和水稻器官中分配的影响。结果表明:生物质炭通过将土壤中酸溶态Cd钝化为可还原态Cd以减少在水稻器官中的累积,钝化量随着生物质炭增加而增加,土壤酸溶态Cd较CK降低3.83%～19.08%;且茎对根和糙米对茎的转运系数随生物质炭的添加分别降低4.23%～9.30%和1.39%～8.33%;土壤酸溶态Cd含量直接影响糙米中Cd含量,且受土壤pH和土壤有机碳的调控。Cd污染稻田添加生物质炭可以提高土壤肥力,降低土壤Cd生物有效性,20t/hm~2生物质炭添加量可以作为研究区周边Cd污染稻田修复的参考标准。
In order to provide scientific basis for food safety in rice fields,a field trial was conducted in Changsha,Hunan Province to investigate the effects of biochar amendment on the form of cadmium(Cd),the uptake and distribution of Cd and soil fertility of rice field polluted by Cd.Five biochar application treatments(0,10,20,30 and 40t/hm~2)were set to analysis the effects of the biochar amendment on the migration of Cd in the soil and the distribution of Cd in the rice organs.The results showed that the biochar reduced the accumulation of Cd in the rice organs by passivating the acid-soluble Cd into the reducible Cd in the soil,and the amount of passivation increased with the increasing of biochar,the acid-soluble Cd decreased by 3.83%～19.08%in biochar treatments compared with CK.After the biochar applying,the translocation coefficient of Cd for stem to root and brown rice to stem were decreased by 4.23%～9.30% and 1.39%～8.33%,respectively.The decision analysis showed that the content of the acid-soluble Cd in soil directly affected the Cd content in the brown rice,and was regulated by soil pH and organic carbon in the soil.In conclusion,biochar amendment could improve the soil fertility and decrease the Cd bioavailability in the Cd polluted rice field.The addition of 20t/hm~2 biochar could be taken as a reference standard for remediation of the rice field polluted by Cd around the research area.
In order to provide scientific basis for food safety in rice fields,a field trial was conducted in Changsha,Hunan Province to investigate the effects of biochar amendment on the form of cadmium(Cd),the uptake and distribution of Cd and soil fertility of rice field polluted by Cd.Five biochar application treatments(0,10,20,30 and 40t/hm~2)were set to analysis the effects of the biochar amendment on the migration of Cd in the soil and the distribution of Cd in the rice organs.The results showed that the biochar reduced the accumulation of Cd in the rice organs by passivating the acid-soluble Cd into the reducible Cd in the soil,and the amount of passivation increased with the increasing of biochar,the acid-soluble Cd decreased by 3.83%～19.08%in biochar treatments compared with CK.After the biochar applying,the translocation coefficient of Cd for stem to root and brown rice to stem were decreased by 4.23%～9.30% and 1.39%～8.33%,respectively.The decision analysis showed that the content of the acid-soluble Cd in soil directly affected the Cd content in the brown rice,and was regulated by soil pH and organic carbon in the soil.In conclusion,biochar amendment could improve the soil fertility and decrease the Cd bioavailability in the Cd polluted rice field.The addition of 20t/hm~2 biochar could be taken as a reference standard for remediation of the rice field polluted by Cd around the research area.
引文
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[17] Cui L,Yan J,Li L,et al.Does Biochar Alter the Speciation of Cd and Pb in Aqueous Solution?[J].Bioresources,2015,10(1):88-104.
[18]陈少毅,许超,张文静,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施对污染稻田田面水中无机氮及Cu、Zn、Cd含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):253-258.
[19] Bian R,Joseph S,Cui L,et al.A three-year experiment confirms continuous immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field with biochar amendment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,272(4):121-128.
[2] Marrugo-Negrete J,Pinedo-Hernández J,Díez S.Assessment of heavy metal pollution,spatial distribution and origin in agricultural soils along the SinúRiver Basin,Colombia[J].Environmental Research,2017,154:380-388.
[3] O'Connor D,Peng T,Zhang J,et al.Biochar application for the remediation of heavy metal polluted land:A review of in situ field trials[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,619/620:815-826.
[4] Coomes O T,Miltner B C.Indigenous charcoal and biochar production:Potential for soil improvement under shifting cultivation systems[J].Land Degradation&Development,2017,28(3):811-821.
[5]陈少毅,许超,张文静,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施降低水稻重金属含量的盆栽试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):189-197.
[6]刘源,崔二苹,李中阳,等.生物质炭和果胶对再生水灌溉下玉米生长及养分、重金属迁移的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):242-248.
[7]肖瑶,葛成军,张丽,等.木薯渣基生物质炭对水中Cd2+、Cu2+的吸附行为研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1587-1594.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999:42-50.
[9]陈召亚,刘会玲,张新星,等.不同种植年限温室土壤中铜、铅垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):321-325.
[10]李志贤,向言词,李会东,等.施氮水平对玉米吸收和富集重金属Cd、Pb的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):143-147.
[11]谢晓梅,方至萍,廖敏,等.低积累水稻品种联合腐殖酸、海泡石保障重镉污染稻田安全生产的潜力[J].环境科学,2018,39(9):4348-4358.
[12]周健,李小琴,李虎,等.外源Cd在施污土壤中的形态变化及生物有效性[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(5):192-196.
[13]左静,陈德,郭虎,等.小麦秸秆生物质炭对旱地土壤铅镉有效性及小麦、玉米吸收的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1133-1140.
[14] Li H,Luo N,Li Y W,et al.Cadmium in rice:Transport mechanisms,influencing factors,and minimizing measures[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,224:622-630.
[15]朱德强,梁成华,杜立宇,等.含方解石物质对土壤镉赋存形态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):326-330.
[16] Wang B,Li C,Liang H.Bioleaching of heavy metal from woody biochar using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and activation for adsorption[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,146(10):803-806.
[17] Cui L,Yan J,Li L,et al.Does Biochar Alter the Speciation of Cd and Pb in Aqueous Solution?[J].Bioresources,2015,10(1):88-104.
[18]陈少毅,许超,张文静,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施对污染稻田田面水中无机氮及Cu、Zn、Cd含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):253-258.
[19] Bian R,Joseph S,Cui L,et al.A three-year experiment confirms continuous immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field with biochar amendment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,272(4):121-128.