施氮对油松林土壤可溶性糖及微生物量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究施氮对油松林土壤有机碳,全氮,可溶性糖及微生物生物量碳、氮含量的影响,为了解油松林土壤有机质的内在转化过程提供理论依据。【方法】2015-2017年,在山西省太岳山自然保护区进行氮肥试验,于每年5月向油松林地表施用硝酸铵(NH_4NO_3),使样地的施氮水平分别为0(对照),5,10,20,40 g/(m~2·年),依次简称N_0、N_5、N_(10)、N_(20)、N_(40),测定不同处理表层(0～10 cm)和底层(10～20 cm)土壤有机碳,全氮,可溶性糖,微生物生物量碳、氮含量,微生物活性以及代谢熵,并分析了油松林土壤可溶性糖与有机碳,全氮以及微生物生物量碳、氮含量,微生物活性以及代谢熵的相关性。【结果】表层(0～10 cm)土壤中,与对照(N_0)相比,N_5、N_(10)处理对土壤有机质含量均无显著影响,而N_(20)、N_(40)处理显著降低了土壤有机质含量;底层(10～20 cm)土壤中,各施氮处理土壤有机质含量无显著变化。表层(0～10 cm)土壤中,与对照(N_0)相比,N_5、N_(10)、N_(20)、N_(40)处理表层土壤可溶性糖含量分别上升了81.67%,100.13%,127.73%,171.21%,土壤可溶性糖含量随着施氮量的增加而增大(P<0.05);底层(10～20 cm)土壤中,只有N_(40)处理土壤可溶性糖含量与对照有显著差异,其余处理与对照均无显著差异。表层(0～10 cm)土壤中,与对照(N_0)相比,N_5、N_(10)处理对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量无显著影响,而N_(20)、N_(40)处理会显著降低土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量;底层(10～20 cm)土壤中,各施氮处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量与对照相比均无显著变化。表层(0～10 cm)土壤中,与对照(N_0)相比,N_5、N_(10)处理土壤微生物活性、代谢熵无显著变化,而N_(20)、N_(40)处理土壤微生物活性、代谢熵则显著上升;底层(10～20 cm)土壤中,各施氮处理与对照的土壤微生物活性、代谢熵差异均不显著。相关性分析表明,土壤可溶性糖含量与土壤有机碳,全氮,微生物生物量碳、氮含量以及微生物活性,代谢熵都呈正相关关系。【结论】施氮能显著提高太岳山油松林表层土壤可溶性糖含量。低氮处理对表层土壤微生物活性及微生物生物量碳、氮含量无显著影响,高氮处理能显著提高土壤微生物活性,显著减少土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量。
【Objective】 The effects of nitrogen application on contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and soluble sugar and carbon and nitrogen contents in soil microbial biomass in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest were studied.To provide a theoretical basis for understanding the intrinsic transformation process of soil organic matter in Pinus tabulaeformis forest.【Methods】 The nitrogen addition experiment was conducted at the Taiyue Mountain Nature Reserve from 2015 to 2017.Ammonium nitrate(NH_4NO_3) was applied to a Pinus tabulaeformis forest in each May at levels of 0,5,10,20 and 40 g/(m~2·year),abbreviated as N_0,N_5,N_(10),N_(20) and N_(40).The contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and soluble sugar and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents,microbial activity and metabolic entropy were measured and the interactions were analyzed.【Results】 In the surface layer(0-10 cm),N_5,N_(10) treatment had no significant change in soil organic mather,N_(20) and N_(40) treatments significantly reduced soil organic matter content compared with the control(N_0).In the bottom layer(10-20 cm),there was no significant change in soil organic matter content.In the surface layer,soluble sugar contents in N_5,N_(10),N_(20) and N_(40) were increased by 81.67%,100.13%,127.73% and 171.21%,respectively(P<0.05).In the bottom layer,only N_(40) treatment significantly influenced soluble sugar content.In the surface layer,N_5,N_(10) treatment had no significant change in soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content,N_(20) and N_(40) treatments significantly reduced soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents.In the bottom layer,there was no significant change in soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents.In the surface layer,the soil microbial activity and metabolic entropy of N_5 and N_(10) treatments did not change significantly,while those of N_(20) and N_(40) treatments increased significantly.In the bottom layer,there was no significant change in soil microbial activity and metabolic entropy.Correlation analysis showed that soil soluble sugar content was positively correlated with soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen content,microbial activity and metabolic entropy.【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application can significantly improve soluble sugar content in surface soil of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Taiyue Mountain.Low nitrogen treatments(N_5 and N_(10)) had no significant effect on microbial activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in surface soil.High nitrogen treatments(N_(20) and N_(40)) can significantly increase microbial activity and significantly reduce microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents.
【Objective】 The effects of nitrogen application on contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and soluble sugar and carbon and nitrogen contents in soil microbial biomass in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest were studied.To provide a theoretical basis for understanding the intrinsic transformation process of soil organic matter in Pinus tabulaeformis forest.【Methods】 The nitrogen addition experiment was conducted at the Taiyue Mountain Nature Reserve from 2015 to 2017.Ammonium nitrate(NH_4NO_3) was applied to a Pinus tabulaeformis forest in each May at levels of 0,5,10,20 and 40 g/(m~2·year),abbreviated as N_0,N_5,N_(10),N_(20) and N_(40).The contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and soluble sugar and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents,microbial activity and metabolic entropy were measured and the interactions were analyzed.【Results】 In the surface layer(0-10 cm),N_5,N_(10) treatment had no significant change in soil organic mather,N_(20) and N_(40) treatments significantly reduced soil organic matter content compared with the control(N_0).In the bottom layer(10-20 cm),there was no significant change in soil organic matter content.In the surface layer,soluble sugar contents in N_5,N_(10),N_(20) and N_(40) were increased by 81.67%,100.13%,127.73% and 171.21%,respectively(P<0.05).In the bottom layer,only N_(40) treatment significantly influenced soluble sugar content.In the surface layer,N_5,N_(10) treatment had no significant change in soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content,N_(20) and N_(40) treatments significantly reduced soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents.In the bottom layer,there was no significant change in soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents.In the surface layer,the soil microbial activity and metabolic entropy of N_5 and N_(10) treatments did not change significantly,while those of N_(20) and N_(40) treatments increased significantly.In the bottom layer,there was no significant change in soil microbial activity and metabolic entropy.Correlation analysis showed that soil soluble sugar content was positively correlated with soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen content,microbial activity and metabolic entropy.【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application can significantly improve soluble sugar content in surface soil of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Taiyue Mountain.Low nitrogen treatments(N_5 and N_(10)) had no significant effect on microbial activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in surface soil.High nitrogen treatments(N_(20) and N_(40)) can significantly increase microbial activity and significantly reduce microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents.
引文
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[2] 陈美领,陈浩,毛庆功,等.氮沉降对森林土壤磷循环的影响 [J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4965-4976.Chen M L,Chen H,Mao Q G,et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition on phosphorus cycling in forest soils [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,36(16):4965-4976.
[3] Mo J,Fang H,Zhu W,et al.Decomposition responses of pine (Pinus massoniana) needles with two different nutrient-status to N deposition in a tropical pine plantation in southern China [J].Annals of Forest Science,2008,65(4):405.
[4] Li J,Li Z,Wang F,et al.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil microbial community in a secondary tropical forest of China [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2015,51(2):207-215.
[5] 王国安,张雷雷,柳晓娟.利用土壤有机质的碳同位素变化探讨环境因子和生物学因子对土壤有机碳周转的影响 [J].地球环境学报,2012(4):960-968.Wang G A,Zhang L L,Liu X J.Effects of environmental factors and biological factors on soil organic carbon turnover using carbon isotope changes in soil organic matter [J].Journal of Earth Environment,2012(4):960-968.
[6] Gunina A,Kuzyakov Y.Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms:review of origin,content,composition and fate [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,90:87-100.
[7] He H B,Li X B,Zhang W,et al.Differentiating the dynamics of native and newly immobilized amino sugars in soil frequently amended with inorganic nitrogen and glucose [J].European Journal of Soil Science,2011,62(1):144-151.
[8] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析 [M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao S D.Soil agrochemical analysis [M].3rd edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[9] 萧浪涛,王三根.植物生理学实验技术 [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.Xiao L T,Wang S G.Experimental techniques of plant physiology [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.
[10] 吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用 [M].北京:气象出版社,2006.Wu J S.Method for determination of soil microbial biomass and its application [M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,2006.
[11] Vance E D,Brooks P C,Jenkinson D S.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1987,19(6):703-707.
[12] Beck T,Joergensen R G,Kandeler E,et al.An inter-laboratory comparison of ten different ways of measuring soil microbial biomass C [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1997,29(7):1023-1032.
[13] 樊后保,袁颖红,王强,等.氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有机碳和全氮的影响 [J].森林与环境学报,2007,27(1):1-6.Fan H B,Yuan Y H,Wang Q,et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations [J].Journal of Forest and Environment,2007,27(1):1-6.
[14] Saiyacork K R,Sinsabaugh R L,Zak D R.The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1309-1315.
[15] 梁政,周琳,王鹏.模拟大气氮沉降对柳杉人工土壤有机碳的影响 [J].绿色科技,2018(3):64-66.Liang Z,Zhou L,Wang P.Effects of simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition on organic carbon in artificial soil of Cryptomeria fortunei [J].Green Science,2018(3):64-66.
[16] 蔡玉婷,黄永芳,张太平,等.模拟氮沉降对木荷人工幼林地土壤氮素、碳素和微生物量垂直分布的影响 [J].生态环境学报,2013(5):755-760.Cai Y T,Huang Y F,Zhang T P,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on vertical distribution of soil nitrogen,carbon and microbial biomass in Schima superba forest [J].Journal of Eco-Environment,2013(5):755-760.
[17] 张焕军,郁红艳,丁维新.土壤碳水化合物的转化与累积研究进展 [J].土壤学报,2013(6):1200-1206.Zhang H J,Yu H Y,Ding W X.Research progress in the transformation and accumulation of soil carbohydrates [J].Journal of Soil Science,2013(6):1200-1206.
[18] 房蕊,鲁彩艳,史奕.CO2和O3浓度升高对土壤碳水化合物累积分布特征的影响 [J].农业环境科学学报,2010(S1):285-288.Fang R,Lu C Y,Shi Y.Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on soil carbohydrate accumulation and distribution characteristics [J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010(S1):285-288.
[19] 杨坤,于季红.土壤多糖的研究进展 [J].中国农学通报,2014(36):222-225.Yang K,Yu J H.Research progress of soil polysaccharides [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014(36):222-225.
[20] 高艳,马红亮,高人,等.模拟氮沉降对森林土壤酚类物质和可溶性糖含量的影响 [J].土壤,2014(1):41-46.Gao Y,Ma H L,Gao R,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on phenolics and soluble sugar content in forest soils [J].Soil,2014(1):41-46.
[21] 方华,莫江明.氮沉降对森林凋落物分解的影响 [J].生态学报,2006,26(9):3127-3136.Fang H,Mo J M.Effects of nitrogen deposition on the decomposition of forest litter [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,26(9):3127-3136.
[22] Vestgarden L S.Carbon and nitrogen turnover in the early stage of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needle litter decomposition:effects of internal and external nitrogen [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2001,33(4):465-474.
[23] 郭景恒,朴河春,刘启明.碳水化合物在土壤中的分布特征及其环境意义 [J].地质地球化学,2000(3):59-64.Guo J H,Piao H C,Liu Q M.Distribution characteristics of carbohydrates in soil and its environmental significance [J].Geology-Geochemistry,2000(3):59-64.
[24] Rumpel C,Dignac M.Gas chromatographic analysis of monosaccharides in a forest soil profile:analysis by gas chromatography after trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis and reduction-acetylation [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,38(6):1478-1481.
[25] 郑海霞,齐莎,K Lbl Angelika,等.氮肥和羊粪对内蒙古典型草原土壤多糖含量及组成的影响 [J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1298-1301.Zheng H X,Qi S,K Lbl Angelika,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and sheep manure on soil polysaccharide content and composition in typical grassland of inner mongolia [J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(6):1298-1301.
[26] Six J,Frey S D,Thiet R K,et al.Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems [J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70(2):555-569.
[27] Hu S,Coleman D C,Hendrix P F,et al.Biotic manipulation effects on soil carbohydrates and microbial biomass in a cultivated soil [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1995,27(9):1127-1135.
[28] Wallenstein M D,Schlesinger W H,Rhee S K,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil microbial communities [J].Geophysical Research Abstracts,2003,5:13087
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