图牧吉自然保护区五种鹤类春季迁徙停歇动态初步分析
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摘要
2014、2015和2016年春季鹤类迁徙期,在图牧吉保护区采用以定点观测为主,结合路线统计的方法用望远镜对保护区内的鹤类进行了观察统计,结果表明:图牧吉保护区春季灰鹤(Grus grus)在3月中下旬至4月初开始迁来,5月初至5月中旬离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(46. 00±7. 94) d。白鹤(Grus leucogeranus) 3月末至4月初开始陆续迁来,4月中下旬迁离保护区,种群平均停留时长为(23. 33±2. 08) d。白头鹤(Grus monacha) 3月末至4月初到达图牧吉保护区,4月下旬至5月中旬陆续离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(36. 00±7. 94) d。白枕鹤(Grus vipio)在3月末至4月初到达图牧吉保护区,4月下旬至5月中旬离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(30. 00±6. 56) d。丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)到达图牧吉保护区的时间为3月末至4月初,4月中旬离开保护区,种群平均停留时长为(14. 00±5. 66) d。保护区内的鹤主要分布在图牧吉泡子和三道泡子,偶尔会在农田发现灰鹤、白鹤和白头鹤。结合往年保护区内自然和人为因素的影响,对每年保护区内5种鹤类停歇期种群数量变化进行了一些分析讨论。最后针对保护区内存在一些保护不当问题,给保护区提出了一些建议。
We observed the cranes using telescope by fixed-point method and route statistic method at Tumuji Nature Reserve during the migration period of cranes in the spring of 2014,2015 and2016. Common cranes( Grus grus) migrated into the reserve in mid-March to early April,and left the reserve from the beginning of May to mid-May. The average residence time of the population was 46. 00 ± 7. 94 d. Siberian cranes( Grus leucogeranus) migrated into the reserve in late March to the beginning of April,and moved out of the reserve in mid to late April. The average residence time of the population was 23. 33 ± 2. 08 d. Hooded crane( Grus monacha) arrived at the reserve from the end of March to the beginning of April,and gradually left from late April to mid-May. The average residence time of the population was 36. 00 ± 7. 94 d. White-naped crane( Grus vipio)reached the reserve from the end of March to the beginning of April,and left from late April to midMay. The average residence time in the reserve was 30. 00 ± 6. 56 d. Red-crowned crane( Grus japonensis) arrived at the reserve from the end of March to the beginning of April,and left the reserve in mid-April. The average residence time in the reserve was 14. 00 ± 5. 66 d. Cranes in the reserve were mainly found in Tumuji Pond and Sandao Pond,common crane,Siberian crane and hooded crane were occasionally recorded in farmland. We analyzed changes in the population of five cranes during the rest period in the reserve based on the influence of natural and human factors in the reserve in previous years. Here we offer recommendations for resolution of problems at the reserve.
We observed the cranes using telescope by fixed-point method and route statistic method at Tumuji Nature Reserve during the migration period of cranes in the spring of 2014,2015 and2016. Common cranes( Grus grus) migrated into the reserve in mid-March to early April,and left the reserve from the beginning of May to mid-May. The average residence time of the population was 46. 00 ± 7. 94 d. Siberian cranes( Grus leucogeranus) migrated into the reserve in late March to the beginning of April,and moved out of the reserve in mid to late April. The average residence time of the population was 23. 33 ± 2. 08 d. Hooded crane( Grus monacha) arrived at the reserve from the end of March to the beginning of April,and gradually left from late April to mid-May. The average residence time of the population was 36. 00 ± 7. 94 d. White-naped crane( Grus vipio)reached the reserve from the end of March to the beginning of April,and left from late April to midMay. The average residence time in the reserve was 30. 00 ± 6. 56 d. Red-crowned crane( Grus japonensis) arrived at the reserve from the end of March to the beginning of April,and left the reserve in mid-April. The average residence time in the reserve was 14. 00 ± 5. 66 d. Cranes in the reserve were mainly found in Tumuji Pond and Sandao Pond,common crane,Siberian crane and hooded crane were occasionally recorded in farmland. We analyzed changes in the population of five cranes during the rest period in the reserve based on the influence of natural and human factors in the reserve in previous years. Here we offer recommendations for resolution of problems at the reserve.
引文
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[12]孔凡前,刘应竹,黄志旁,等.图牧吉春季白枕鹤觅食生境初步研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2008(4):78-79.
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[14]崔桢,章光新,张蕾,等.基于白鹤生境需求的湿地生态水文调控研究---以莫莫格国家级自然保护区白鹤湖为例[J].湿地科学,2018,16(4):509-516.
[15]黄建,郭玉民.秋季林甸停歇地白头鹤的食性分析[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(1):76-79.
[16]吴庆明,邹红菲.扎龙保护区白头鹤迁徙行为及食性调查[C]//第十二届全国鸟类学术研讨会暨第十届海峡两岸鸟类学术研讨会论文摘要集.中国动物学会鸟类学分会:浙江省科学技术协会,2013:75.
[17]刘景龙,李红雯,林宝庆,等.向海湿地丹顶鹤种群及生境监测研究[J].吉林林业科技,2016,45(4):30-33.
[18]王筠,那晓东,臧淑英.人类活动干扰下4个时期松嫩平原丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性研究[J].湿地科学,2018,16(3):438-444.
[19]李全亮.松嫩平原丹顶鹤与白枕鹤生境利用对比研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2017.
[2]FARMER A,DURBIAN F.Estimating shorebird numbers at migration stopover sites[J].The Condor,2017,108(4):792-807.
[3]王宁,高珊,尚成海,等.天津北大港湿地东方白鹳和白琵鹭迁徙停歇期的种群动态[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(4):50-54.
[4]陶蕊.松嫩平原五种鹤迁徙期停歇栖息分布研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2017.
[5]NAVEDO J G,MASERO J A,OVERDIJK O,et al.Assessing the role of multiple environmental factors on Eurasian spoonbill departure decisions from stopover sites[J].Ardea,2010,98(1):3-12.
[6]NAVEDO J G,ORIZAOLA G,MASERO J A,et al.Long-distance travelers stopover for longer:a case study with spoonbills staying in North Iberia[J].Journal of Ornithology,2010,151(4):915-921.
[7]孙志勇.图牧吉自然保护区五种鹤春季觅食生境选择比较[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[8]刘一鸣.内蒙古图牧吉自然保护区丹顶鹤春季觅食生境初步研究[J].林业调查规划,2011,36(1):39-41.
[9]柴文志,郭建华,李晓民.内蒙古图牧吉夏季灰鹤觅食地生境初步研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2007(3):83-84.
[10]姜维军,李梦莎,杜宇.内蒙古图牧吉春季白鹤觅食地生境初步研究[J].吉林林业科技,2007,36(3):28-31;35.
[11]王磊,邹红菲,李晓民,等.图牧吉自然保护区白鹤秋季觅食地生境初步研究[J].野生动物,2009,30(1):20-22.
[12]孔凡前,刘应竹,黄志旁,等.图牧吉春季白枕鹤觅食生境初步研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2008(4):78-79.
[13]崔茂欢,李晓民.内蒙图牧吉自然保护区丹顶鹤秋季行为观察[J].林业调查规划,2005,30(4):36-39.
[14]崔桢,章光新,张蕾,等.基于白鹤生境需求的湿地生态水文调控研究---以莫莫格国家级自然保护区白鹤湖为例[J].湿地科学,2018,16(4):509-516.
[15]黄建,郭玉民.秋季林甸停歇地白头鹤的食性分析[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(1):76-79.
[16]吴庆明,邹红菲.扎龙保护区白头鹤迁徙行为及食性调查[C]//第十二届全国鸟类学术研讨会暨第十届海峡两岸鸟类学术研讨会论文摘要集.中国动物学会鸟类学分会:浙江省科学技术协会,2013:75.
[17]刘景龙,李红雯,林宝庆,等.向海湿地丹顶鹤种群及生境监测研究[J].吉林林业科技,2016,45(4):30-33.
[18]王筠,那晓东,臧淑英.人类活动干扰下4个时期松嫩平原丹顶鹤栖息地适宜性研究[J].湿地科学,2018,16(3):438-444.
[19]李全亮.松嫩平原丹顶鹤与白枕鹤生境利用对比研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2017.