冀北山区滦平县4种新造林地水源涵养能力研究
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摘要
为研究密云水库上游冀北山区生态水源保护林的生长现状和涵养水源能力,以油松×落叶松(林地Ⅰ)、油松×山杏(林地Ⅱ)、油松×蒙古栎(林地Ⅲ)、侧柏×山杏(林地Ⅳ)4种混交林为研究对象,通过测定林下枯落物层和土壤层特征,分析比较不同林地枯落物和土壤的持水能力及林地水源涵养能力。研究结果表明:枯落物现存量为林地Ⅱ>林地Ⅳ>林地Ⅰ>林地Ⅲ,林地Ⅱ的枯落物层有效持水量最大,为81.30 t/hm~2,林地Ⅰ最小。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度最大的均为林地Ⅳ,分别为56.02%、50.26%和5.76%,林地Ⅳ的土壤层有效持水量最大,为1507.90 t/hm~2,林地Ⅲ最小。综合4种林地的枯落物层和土壤层持水能力,可知林地Ⅳ(侧柏×山杏)的水源涵养能力最强,为157.43 mm,林地Ⅲ(油松×蒙古栎)最弱。
To study the growth status and water conservation capacity of water conservation forests in the mountainous areas of northern Hebei in the upper reaches of the Miyun Reservoir, four mixed forests, Pinus tabulaeformis × Larix(woodland I), Pinus tabulaeformis × Apricot(woodland II), Pinus tabulaeformis × Quercus mongolica(woodland III), and Platycladus orientalis × Apricot(woodland IV), were studied. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the litter layer and soil layer under the forests, the water-holding capacity of the litter and soil and the water conservation capacity of the forest land were analysed and compared. The results showed that the existing litter amount was in the order of woodland II > woodland IV > woodland I > woodland III. The litter layer of woodland II had the largest effective water-holding capacity, which was 81.30 t/hm~2, and that of woodland I had the lowest water-holding capacity. Soil total porosity, capillary porosity, and non-capillary porosity were the highest in woodland IV(56.02%, 50.26%, and 5.76%, respectively). The soil layer of woodland IV had the most effective water-holding capacity, which was 1507.90 t/hm~2, and that of woodland III had the lowest water-holding capacity. Upon determining the water-holding capacities of the litter and soil layers of the four woodlands, the water conservation capacity was determined to be the strongest in woodland IV(P. orientalis × Apricot), 157.43 mm, and weakest in woodland III(P. tabulaeformis × Q. mongolica).
To study the growth status and water conservation capacity of water conservation forests in the mountainous areas of northern Hebei in the upper reaches of the Miyun Reservoir, four mixed forests, Pinus tabulaeformis × Larix(woodland I), Pinus tabulaeformis × Apricot(woodland II), Pinus tabulaeformis × Quercus mongolica(woodland III), and Platycladus orientalis × Apricot(woodland IV), were studied. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the litter layer and soil layer under the forests, the water-holding capacity of the litter and soil and the water conservation capacity of the forest land were analysed and compared. The results showed that the existing litter amount was in the order of woodland II > woodland IV > woodland I > woodland III. The litter layer of woodland II had the largest effective water-holding capacity, which was 81.30 t/hm~2, and that of woodland I had the lowest water-holding capacity. Soil total porosity, capillary porosity, and non-capillary porosity were the highest in woodland IV(56.02%, 50.26%, and 5.76%, respectively). The soil layer of woodland IV had the most effective water-holding capacity, which was 1507.90 t/hm~2, and that of woodland III had the lowest water-holding capacity. Upon determining the water-holding capacities of the litter and soil layers of the four woodlands, the water conservation capacity was determined to be the strongest in woodland IV(P. orientalis × Apricot), 157.43 mm, and weakest in woodland III(P. tabulaeformis × Q. mongolica).
引文
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[16] 张卫强,李召青,周平,曾令海,王明怀,陈光胜,黎艳明,周毅,郭乐东.东江中上游主要森林类型枯落物的持水特性.水土保持学报,2010,24(5):130- 134.
[17] 赵阳,余新晓,吴海龙,宋思铭,黄枝英.华北土石山区典型森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应.水土保持学报,2011,25(6):148- 152.
[2] 殷沙,赵芳,欧阳勋志.马尾松木荷不同比例混交林枯落物和土壤持水性能比较分析.江西农业大学学报,2015,37(3):454- 460.
[3] Gen X L,Sun D Q,Zhang L B,Jia Q T.Study on the effects of natural factors on water conservation capacity of Qilian mountain.Meteorological and Environmental Research,2011,2(11/12):46- 48,63- 63.
[4] 潘明亮,丁访军,谭伟,戴全厚,朱军.贵州西部四种典型林地土壤水文特性研究.水土保持研究,2011,18(5):139- 143.
[5] 李军,田超,杨新兵.河北省木兰林管局典型森林类型枯落物水文效应研究.水土保持研究,2011,18(4):192- 196.
[6] 齐特,李玉婷,何会宾,张雪峰,赵廷宁.冀北地区丰宁县水源林地水源涵养能力.中国水土保持科学,2016,14(3):60- 67.
[7] 赵建生,王永明,杨新兵.冀北山地森林土壤水文效应研究.水土保持研究,2013,20(3):201- 205.
[8] 田超,杨新兵,李军,鲁绍伟,刘阳,毕可姣.冀北山地不同海拔蒙古栎林枯落物和土壤水文效应.水土保持学报,2011,25(4):221- 226.
[9] 张振明,余新晓,牛健植,鲁绍伟,宋维峰,刘秀萍,张颖.不同林分枯落物层的水文生态功能.水土保持学报,2005,19(3):139- 143.
[10] 孙艳红,张洪江,杜士才,李根平.四面山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能.水土保持学报,2009,23(5):109- 112,117- 117.
[11] 胡静霞,杨新兵,朱辰光,温亚飞,钟良子,马俊杰.冀西北地区4种纯林枯落物及土壤水文效应.水土保持研究,2017,24(4):304- 310.
[12] 周志立,张丽玮,陈倩,徐学华,李玉灵.木兰围场3种典型林分枯落物及土壤持水能力.水土保持学报,2015,29(1):207- 213.
[13] Li Y Q,Xu M,Sun O J,Cui W C.Effects of root and litter exclusion on soil CO2 efflux and microbial biomass in wet tropical forests.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(12):2111- 2114.
[14] Rinnan R,Michelsen A,Jonasson S.Effects of litter addition and warming on soil carbon,nutrient pools and microbial communities in a subarctic heath ecosystem.Applied Soil Ecology,2008,39(3):271- 281.
[15] 李红云,杨吉华,鲍玉海,郑兆亮,贝桂民.山东省石灰岩山区灌木林枯落物持水性能的研究.水土保持学报,2005,19(1):44- 48.
[16] 张卫强,李召青,周平,曾令海,王明怀,陈光胜,黎艳明,周毅,郭乐东.东江中上游主要森林类型枯落物的持水特性.水土保持学报,2010,24(5):130- 134.
[17] 赵阳,余新晓,吴海龙,宋思铭,黄枝英.华北土石山区典型森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应.水土保持学报,2011,25(6):148- 152.