不同草本植物根系力动力学及抗压力特征研究
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摘要
为了研究草本植物根系力动力学特征及其抗压力。以四川省广泛的4种常见坡边草本植物为研究对象,测定根系在土体中的垂直分布规律及根系抗拉、原状土体抗压和抗崩解等力学指标。1) 4种草本植物0-30cm土层根系生物量的大小排序为:麦冬>黑麦草>白三叶>满天星,且主要集中于0-10cm土层中; 2)根系抗拉力基本表现为:麦冬>黑麦草>白三叶>满天星,且根系极限抗拉强度与直径呈显著的幂函数负相关关系,决定系数均大于0. 9000(p <0. 05);平均根茎与平均抗压强度表现出一致的变化规律,大小依次为麦冬>黑麦草>白三叶>满天星。3)通过相关性分析发现,不同植物根系的抗拉强度和直径存在极显著的负相关性(p <0. 001),其相关系数分别为-0. 8569、-0. 9985、-0. 9963、-0. 9234。4)根-土复合体抗压强度依次表现为麦冬>黑麦草>白三叶>满天星;植物比根长与根-土复合体抗压性成正相关,但没有显著相关性;土层深度与土体的抗压性成显著正相关(p <0. 05); 5)根系含量和土层深度是土体崩解速率的主要影响因子,随土层深度的增加,崩解速率降低,无根土的崩解速率均大于有根土,土壤中根系比根长和崩解速率呈显著线性负相关(p <0. 05);不同植物抗压强度和崩解速率基本表现为:麦冬>黑麦草>白三叶>满天星。综上所述,麦冬和黑麦草(禾本科植物)护坡能力和适应性更强。
In order to explore the distribution and mechanical properties of landscape plant roots for slope protection.Four kinds of slope herbs that widely grow in Sichuan Province was studied,and the root distribution and mechanical indicators of tensile,compressive,annti-disintegration were measured.The results showed that:( 1) The root biomass in 0-30 cm soil profile mainly concentrated in 0-10 cm soil layer,with the order of Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens.( 2) The root stress ordered Dwarf lilyturf >Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens,and there was a significantly power function relationship between tensile strength and root diameter,and R2 was more than 0.9000( p < 0.05).Meanwhile,there was a same change trend in tensile strength and root diameter which showed Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens.( 3) Tensile strength was significantly negative related to the diameter( p < 0.001),and R2 were-0.8569,-0.9985,-0.9963,-0.9234,respectively.( 4) Compressive strength showed Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens,and there was no significant difference between specific root length and compressive strength.However,we found a positive relationship between compressive strength and soil depth( p < 0.05).( 5) Soil depth and root content in the soil were main driving factors to soil disintegration rate,and soil disintegration rate reduced with the increasing of soil depth.In addition,disintegration rate of no root soil was greater than the root soil,and the root length was negatively related to disintegration rate.Compressive strength of the four plants showed Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens.In summary,we can conclude that the gramineae plants( Dwarf lilyturf and Lolium perenne) had the better slope protection ability in Sichuan Province.
In order to explore the distribution and mechanical properties of landscape plant roots for slope protection.Four kinds of slope herbs that widely grow in Sichuan Province was studied,and the root distribution and mechanical indicators of tensile,compressive,annti-disintegration were measured.The results showed that:( 1) The root biomass in 0-30 cm soil profile mainly concentrated in 0-10 cm soil layer,with the order of Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens.( 2) The root stress ordered Dwarf lilyturf >Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens,and there was a significantly power function relationship between tensile strength and root diameter,and R2 was more than 0.9000( p < 0.05).Meanwhile,there was a same change trend in tensile strength and root diameter which showed Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens.( 3) Tensile strength was significantly negative related to the diameter( p < 0.001),and R2 were-0.8569,-0.9985,-0.9963,-0.9234,respectively.( 4) Compressive strength showed Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens,and there was no significant difference between specific root length and compressive strength.However,we found a positive relationship between compressive strength and soil depth( p < 0.05).( 5) Soil depth and root content in the soil were main driving factors to soil disintegration rate,and soil disintegration rate reduced with the increasing of soil depth.In addition,disintegration rate of no root soil was greater than the root soil,and the root length was negatively related to disintegration rate.Compressive strength of the four plants showed Dwarf lilyturf > Lolium perenne > Trifolium repens > Gypsophila repens.In summary,we can conclude that the gramineae plants( Dwarf lilyturf and Lolium perenne) had the better slope protection ability in Sichuan Province.
引文
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[16]郭凯力,高甲荣,马岚,等.护岸金丝柳根系分布特征和力学特性分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(8):90-96.
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[18]韩立亮,宋桂龙.护坡木本植物根系的力学特性及其与细胞壁成分的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(11):120-127.
[19]刘子壮,高照良,杜峰,等.黄土高原高速公路护坡植物根系分布及力学特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):66-71.
[2]朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.护坡植物根系力学特性与其解剖结构关系[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(5):40-46.
[3]田佳,刘耀辉.华北地区几种常用边坡绿化植物的根系力学特性研究[J].中国水土保持,2007(10):34-36.
[4]李贺鹏,岳春雷,赵广琦,等.中亚热带常绿阔叶林中主要灌木根系力学特性[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(5):33-36.
[5]王萍花,陈丽华,冀晓东,等.白桦根系力学特性的定量研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):154-158.
[6]刘静.植物根系力学特性和固土有效性研究[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社,2013.
[7]刘国彬,蒋定生.黄土区草地根系生物力学特性研究[J].水土保持学报,1996,2(3):21-28.
[8]李绍才,孙海龙,杨志荣,等.坡面岩体–基质–根系互作的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2074-2081.
[9]李绍才,孙海龙,杨志荣,等.护坡植物根系与岩体相互作用的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2051-2051.
[10]程洪,谢涛,唐春,等.植物根系力学与固土作用机理研究综述[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(1):97-102.
[11]吕春娟,陈丽华,周硕,等.不同乔木根系的抗拉力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(S1):329-335.
[12]江锋,张俊云.植物根系与边坡土体间的力学特性研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2008,19(1):57-61.
[13]惠尚,张云伟,刘晶,等.丛生竹根系抗拉力学特性[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):65-70.
[14]田佳,曹兵,及金楠,等.防风固沙灌木花棒沙柳根系生物力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(23):192-198.
[15]王萍花.华北四种常见乔木根系固土的力学特性研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[16]郭凯力,高甲荣,马岚,等.护岸金丝柳根系分布特征和力学特性分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(8):90-96.
[17]张小娟.高速公路护坡植物根系分布及力学特性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[18]韩立亮,宋桂龙.护坡木本植物根系的力学特性及其与细胞壁成分的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(11):120-127.
[19]刘子壮,高照良,杜峰,等.黄土高原高速公路护坡植物根系分布及力学特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):66-71.