干旱胁迫对鼓节竹光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响
|
摘要
以1年生鼓节竹分株苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,设置对照组(CK)(土壤含水量为33.0%～35.2%)、轻度干旱胁迫组(土壤含水量为24.2%～26.4%)、中度干旱胁迫组(土壤含水量为17.6%～19.8%)、重度干旱胁迫组(土壤含水量为8.8%～11.0%),通过人工模拟干旱胁迫研究鼓节竹光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律,以揭示干旱胁迫条件下鼓节竹的适应能力和适应机制.结果表明:(1)鼓节竹叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)随着干旱胁迫时间的增加及胁迫强度的增大呈下降的趋势;胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)随着干旱胁迫时间的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,分别在轻度干旱胁迫21 d、中度干旱胁迫14 d、重度干旱胁迫7 d时达到最小值;气孔限制值(L_s)在干旱胁迫下随着胁迫时间的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;水分利用效率(WUE)在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下随着胁迫时间的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,而在重度干旱胁迫下呈下降的趋势.(2)干旱胁迫对鼓节竹叶片叶绿素荧光参数均产生了影响,其中,最大荧光产量(F_m)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、潜在活性(F_v/F_0)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)在干旱胁迫下随着胁迫时间的增加均呈下降的趋势;初始荧光产量(F_0)在干旱胁迫下随着胁迫时间的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;非光化学猝灭系数(qN)在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下随着胁迫时间的增加呈显著上升的趋势,而在重度干旱胁迫下呈先下降后上升的趋势.本试验结果显示:在干旱胁迫下,鼓节竹可通过改变自身叶片的形态来抵御干旱胁迫带来的伤害,从而在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下表现出一定的抗旱性;干旱胁迫对鼓节竹光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响明显,气孔和非气孔因素都是影响光合速率下降的因素;鼓节竹可通过降低qP、Φ_(PSⅡ)以及增加qN来降低PSⅡ反应中心的开放程度,从而降低反应中心在干旱胁迫下的伤害,表现出一定的耐旱性;维持鼓节竹具有较高WUE的土壤含水量为17.6%～26.4%.
To reveal the adaptability and adaptation mechanism of Bambusa tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'under drought stress, 3 levels of drought stress, namely light drought stress [24.2%-26.4% soil moisture content(SMC)], moderate drought stress(17.6%-19.8% SMC), and severe drought stress(8.8%-11.0% SMC) were applied to one-year-old B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'ramet seedlings grown in pots, and group with SMC ranging between 33.0%-35.2% was set as the control. Artificial drought stress simulation was conducted to evaluate the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), transpiration rate(T_r) decreased with intensified drought stress and increased stress time. Intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) started with an increase and then decreased, reaching minimums on day 21, 14, and 7 under light, moderate and severe drought stress, respectively. Stomatal limit value(L_s) all increased first and then declined during 3 levels of drought stress, and water use efficiency(WUE) also increased first and then decreased under light and moderate drought stress while it went down all the way under severe drought stress.(2) Drought stress affected the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'. Maximum fluorescence(F_m), maximum PSⅡ photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m), PSⅡ potential activity(F_v/F_0), actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ)), apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching(qP) all dropped under drought stress. Minimal fluorescence(F_0) showed a downward trend after rising. Non photochemical quenching(qN) increased notably under light and moderate drought stress, while it declined first and then rose under severe drought stress. It can be included that B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'demonstrates a certain degree of drought resistance under light to moderate drought stress by adjusting leaf morphology. Drought stress adversely affects photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode', which were attributed from both stomatal and non stomatal factors. B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'can lower the open degree of PSⅡ reaction center by decreasing qP and PSⅡ and increasing qN, thus damages to reaction center are reduced under drought stress. It suggests that B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'maintains a high level of WUE at soil moisture of 17.6%-26.4%.
To reveal the adaptability and adaptation mechanism of Bambusa tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'under drought stress, 3 levels of drought stress, namely light drought stress [24.2%-26.4% soil moisture content(SMC)], moderate drought stress(17.6%-19.8% SMC), and severe drought stress(8.8%-11.0% SMC) were applied to one-year-old B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'ramet seedlings grown in pots, and group with SMC ranging between 33.0%-35.2% was set as the control. Artificial drought stress simulation was conducted to evaluate the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), transpiration rate(T_r) decreased with intensified drought stress and increased stress time. Intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) started with an increase and then decreased, reaching minimums on day 21, 14, and 7 under light, moderate and severe drought stress, respectively. Stomatal limit value(L_s) all increased first and then declined during 3 levels of drought stress, and water use efficiency(WUE) also increased first and then decreased under light and moderate drought stress while it went down all the way under severe drought stress.(2) Drought stress affected the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'. Maximum fluorescence(F_m), maximum PSⅡ photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m), PSⅡ potential activity(F_v/F_0), actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ)), apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR) and photochemical quenching(qP) all dropped under drought stress. Minimal fluorescence(F_0) showed a downward trend after rising. Non photochemical quenching(qN) increased notably under light and moderate drought stress, while it declined first and then rose under severe drought stress. It can be included that B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'demonstrates a certain degree of drought resistance under light to moderate drought stress by adjusting leaf morphology. Drought stress adversely affects photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode', which were attributed from both stomatal and non stomatal factors. B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'can lower the open degree of PSⅡ reaction center by decreasing qP and PSⅡ and increasing qN, thus damages to reaction center are reduced under drought stress. It suggests that B.tuldoides ‘Swolleninternode'maintains a high level of WUE at soil moisture of 17.6%-26.4%.
引文
[1] 黄滔.4个观赏竹光合特性评价[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015.
[2] 陈松河.观赏竹园林景观应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[3] 顾大形,陈双林,郑炜曼,等.竹子生态适应性研究综述[J].竹子研究汇刊,2010,29(1):17-23.
[4] NISHIDA K,HANBA Y T.Photosynthetic response of four fern species from different habitats to drought stress:relationship between morpho-anatomical and physiological traits[J].Photosynthetica,2017,55(4):689-697.
[5] 王飞,刘世增,康才周,等.干旱胁迫对沙地云杉光合、叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):142-147.
[6] 李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.干旱胁迫对两种油桐幼苗生长、气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1 515-1 524.
[7] 张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[8] 滕召勇.湖南丛生观赏竹抗寒性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[9] 黄程前,黄滔,刘玮,等.20种观赏丛生竹的抗寒性测定[J].湖南城市学院学报(自然科学版),2013,22(2):59-62.
[10] 吴继林.大湖竹种园丛生竹种的收集及其耐寒性评价研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2008,27(1):19-26.
[11] 潘瑞,涂志华,吴幼容,等.福州市江滨西大道10种观赏竹夏季滞尘效应研究[J].福建林学院学报,2012,32(2):125-130.
[12] 林爱玉.沿海沙地竹子和木麻黄林防风固沙性能研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[13] 涂志华,洪雪沿,潘瑞,等.滨海沙地簕竹属10个竹种根际土壤酶活性研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):511-516.
[14] 龙智慧.鼓节竹盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的生理响应研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[15] 郝杨,周育真,陈进燎,等.旗山国家森林公园野生观赏植物资源调查与园林应用研究[J].福建林学院学报,2013,33(1):62-66.
[16] 陈秀玲,李志忠,靳建辉,等.福州城市土壤pH值、有机质和磁化率特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(5):176-181.
[17] 应叶青,郭璟,魏建芬,等.干旱胁迫对毛竹幼苗生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):262-266.
[18] 农业标准出版研究中心.最新中国农业行业标准(第7辑):土壤肥料分册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[19] 李娟,彭镇华,高健,等.干旱胁迫下黄条金刚竹的光合和叶绿素荧光特性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1 395-1 402.
[20] 赵兰,邢新婷,江泽慧,等.4种地被观赏竹的抗旱性研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(2):221-226.
[21] 金不换.干旱胁迫对不同品种早熟禾形态和生理特性影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2009.
[22] 安玉艳,梁宗锁,郝文芳.杠柳幼苗对不同强度干旱胁迫的生长与生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):716-725.
[23] RAO D E,CHAITANYA K V.Photosynthesis and antioxidative defense mechanisms in deciphering drought stress tolerance of crop plants[J].Biologia Plantarum,2016,60(2):201-218.
[24] FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol,2003,33:317-345.
[25] 沈少炎.花吊丝竹PEG蛋白分级及其在干旱胁迫下生理与蛋白的响应[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[26] 赖金莉,陈剑成,陈凌艳,等.凹叶厚朴和无患子光响应特征与叶绿素荧光参数的比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(2):174-180.
[27] 郭有燕,刘宏军,孔东升,等.干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞幼苗光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(1):124-130.
[28] WANG W,WANG C,PAN D,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence images of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings[J].International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2018,11(2):196-201.
[29] 赵会杰,邹琦,于振文.叶绿素荧光分析技术及其在植物光合机理研究中的应用[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(3):248-251.
[30] 孙敏,李树斌,唐飘,等.干旱胁迫对杉木无性系叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2018,38(2):202-208.
[31] HE F,SHENG M,TANG M.Effects of Rhizophagus irregularis on photosynthesis and antioxidative enzymatic system in Robinia pseudoacacia L.under drought stress[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:1-14.
[32] 许大全.光合作用效率[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002.
[33] 王萍,张希吏,石磊.干旱胁迫下沙芥幼苗叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):159-163.
[34] 李志军,罗青红,伍维模,等.干旱胁迫对胡杨和灰叶胡杨光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(1):45-52.
[35] 卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.干旱胁迫下4种常用植物幼苗的光合和荧光特性综合评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7 872-7 881.
[36] 胡宏远,王振平.干旱胁迫对赤霞珠葡萄叶片水分及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(4):124-130.
[37] 姚春娟,郭圣茂,马英超,等.干旱胁迫对4种决明属植物光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,36(9):1 880-1 888.
[2] 陈松河.观赏竹园林景观应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[3] 顾大形,陈双林,郑炜曼,等.竹子生态适应性研究综述[J].竹子研究汇刊,2010,29(1):17-23.
[4] NISHIDA K,HANBA Y T.Photosynthetic response of four fern species from different habitats to drought stress:relationship between morpho-anatomical and physiological traits[J].Photosynthetica,2017,55(4):689-697.
[5] 王飞,刘世增,康才周,等.干旱胁迫对沙地云杉光合、叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):142-147.
[6] 李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.干旱胁迫对两种油桐幼苗生长、气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1 515-1 524.
[7] 张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[8] 滕召勇.湖南丛生观赏竹抗寒性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[9] 黄程前,黄滔,刘玮,等.20种观赏丛生竹的抗寒性测定[J].湖南城市学院学报(自然科学版),2013,22(2):59-62.
[10] 吴继林.大湖竹种园丛生竹种的收集及其耐寒性评价研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,2008,27(1):19-26.
[11] 潘瑞,涂志华,吴幼容,等.福州市江滨西大道10种观赏竹夏季滞尘效应研究[J].福建林学院学报,2012,32(2):125-130.
[12] 林爱玉.沿海沙地竹子和木麻黄林防风固沙性能研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[13] 涂志华,洪雪沿,潘瑞,等.滨海沙地簕竹属10个竹种根际土壤酶活性研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):511-516.
[14] 龙智慧.鼓节竹盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的生理响应研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[15] 郝杨,周育真,陈进燎,等.旗山国家森林公园野生观赏植物资源调查与园林应用研究[J].福建林学院学报,2013,33(1):62-66.
[16] 陈秀玲,李志忠,靳建辉,等.福州城市土壤pH值、有机质和磁化率特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(5):176-181.
[17] 应叶青,郭璟,魏建芬,等.干旱胁迫对毛竹幼苗生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):262-266.
[18] 农业标准出版研究中心.最新中国农业行业标准(第7辑):土壤肥料分册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[19] 李娟,彭镇华,高健,等.干旱胁迫下黄条金刚竹的光合和叶绿素荧光特性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1 395-1 402.
[20] 赵兰,邢新婷,江泽慧,等.4种地被观赏竹的抗旱性研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(2):221-226.
[21] 金不换.干旱胁迫对不同品种早熟禾形态和生理特性影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2009.
[22] 安玉艳,梁宗锁,郝文芳.杠柳幼苗对不同强度干旱胁迫的生长与生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):716-725.
[23] RAO D E,CHAITANYA K V.Photosynthesis and antioxidative defense mechanisms in deciphering drought stress tolerance of crop plants[J].Biologia Plantarum,2016,60(2):201-218.
[24] FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol,2003,33:317-345.
[25] 沈少炎.花吊丝竹PEG蛋白分级及其在干旱胁迫下生理与蛋白的响应[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
[26] 赖金莉,陈剑成,陈凌艳,等.凹叶厚朴和无患子光响应特征与叶绿素荧光参数的比较[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(2):174-180.
[27] 郭有燕,刘宏军,孔东升,等.干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞幼苗光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(1):124-130.
[28] WANG W,WANG C,PAN D,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence images of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings[J].International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2018,11(2):196-201.
[29] 赵会杰,邹琦,于振文.叶绿素荧光分析技术及其在植物光合机理研究中的应用[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(3):248-251.
[30] 孙敏,李树斌,唐飘,等.干旱胁迫对杉木无性系叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2018,38(2):202-208.
[31] HE F,SHENG M,TANG M.Effects of Rhizophagus irregularis on photosynthesis and antioxidative enzymatic system in Robinia pseudoacacia L.under drought stress[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:1-14.
[32] 许大全.光合作用效率[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002.
[33] 王萍,张希吏,石磊.干旱胁迫下沙芥幼苗叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):159-163.
[34] 李志军,罗青红,伍维模,等.干旱胁迫对胡杨和灰叶胡杨光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(1):45-52.
[35] 卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.干旱胁迫下4种常用植物幼苗的光合和荧光特性综合评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7 872-7 881.
[36] 胡宏远,王振平.干旱胁迫对赤霞珠葡萄叶片水分及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(4):124-130.
[37] 姚春娟,郭圣茂,马英超,等.干旱胁迫对4种决明属植物光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,36(9):1 880-1 888.