亚热带地区5种土地利用模式土壤微生物生态特性的比较
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摘要
【目的】为了研究亚热带地区5种土地利用模式的土壤微生物生态特征,以揭示不同土地利用模式土壤生态系统的恢复/退化机理.【方法】以撂荒地(Abandoned land,AL)、纯杉木林(Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,CLF)、纯樟树林(Cinnamomum camphora forest,CCF)、杉木樟树混交林(C.lanceolata-C.camphora,forest,CLCCF)及次生阔叶林(Secondary broad-leaved forest,SBF)作为研究对象,通过调查取样和试验相结合的方法,分析5种土地利用模式0～10、10～20、20～30 cm土层的土壤微生物数量和微生物量的变化.【结果】相同土层土壤微生物总数的大小顺序为:次生阔叶林>纯樟树林(≈杉木樟树混交林)>纯杉木林>撂荒地(P<0.05),并随土层深度的增加而显著减小(P<0.05);土壤微生物量随土层深度的增加而显著降低(P<0.05),且在5种土地利用模式中差异显著(P<0.05);纯杉木林、纯樟树林、杉木樟树混交林与次生阔叶林的土壤微生物量与土壤养分呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);撂荒地的相关性最低(P<0.05).【结论】在亚热带地区,土壤微生物数量与微生物量可作为评价土壤肥力的指标,可采用改变土地利用模式的手段促进土壤微生物群落的发育、改良土壤特征以促进亚热带地区土地质量的改善.
【Objective】 The purpose of the study was to compare the ecological characteristics of microorganism under five land use patterns in subtropical region,and reveal the related mechanism of recovery/degeneration of soil ecology. 【Method】 Five land use patterns,including abandoned land(AL),Cunninghamia lanceolata forest(CLF),Cinnamomum camphora forest(CCF),C. lanceolata-C. camphora forest(CLCCF) and secondary broad-leaved forest(SBF) in subtropical region were used to collect soil samples in depths of 0～10,10～20 and 20～30 cm for the study on dynamic changes of microbial quantity and microbial biomass. 【Result】 The order of total microbe number in the same soil layer was SBF>CCF(≈CLCCF)>CLF>AL(P<0.05),and it significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth;Soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth(P<0.05),and significant differences existed among different land use patterns(P<0.05);Soil microbial biomass showed significant positive relationship with soil nutrients in CLF,CCF,CLCCF and SBF(P<0.01),and the relationship in AL was the lowest out of five patterns. Moreover,soil microbial biomass phosphorus had no correlation with total N(TN) and total P(TP). 【Conclusion】 The number of soil microbes and soil microbial biomass could be used as indicators to evaluate soil fertility in subtropical region. The change of land use pattern is a proper way to benefit the development of soil microbial communities and improve the soil property and quality in the subtropical region.
【Objective】 The purpose of the study was to compare the ecological characteristics of microorganism under five land use patterns in subtropical region,and reveal the related mechanism of recovery/degeneration of soil ecology. 【Method】 Five land use patterns,including abandoned land(AL),Cunninghamia lanceolata forest(CLF),Cinnamomum camphora forest(CCF),C. lanceolata-C. camphora forest(CLCCF) and secondary broad-leaved forest(SBF) in subtropical region were used to collect soil samples in depths of 0～10,10～20 and 20～30 cm for the study on dynamic changes of microbial quantity and microbial biomass. 【Result】 The order of total microbe number in the same soil layer was SBF>CCF(≈CLCCF)>CLF>AL(P<0.05),and it significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth;Soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth(P<0.05),and significant differences existed among different land use patterns(P<0.05);Soil microbial biomass showed significant positive relationship with soil nutrients in CLF,CCF,CLCCF and SBF(P<0.01),and the relationship in AL was the lowest out of five patterns. Moreover,soil microbial biomass phosphorus had no correlation with total N(TN) and total P(TP). 【Conclusion】 The number of soil microbes and soil microbial biomass could be used as indicators to evaluate soil fertility in subtropical region. The change of land use pattern is a proper way to benefit the development of soil microbial communities and improve the soil property and quality in the subtropical region.
引文
[1] 杨满元,杨宁,郭锐,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中土壤微生物数量特征[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(2):229-232.
[2] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤微生物群落多样性的变化[J].林业科学,2016,52(8):146-156.
[3] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量与土壤养分演变[J].林业科学,2014,50(12):144-150.
[4] 杨宁,邹冬生,付美云,等.紫色土丘陵坡地恢复中土壤团聚体特征及其与土壤性质的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(9):2361-2368.
[5] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复阶段土壤特性的演变[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2693-2701.
[6] 黄宇,汪思龙,冯宗炜,等.不同人工林对林地土壤质量影响评价[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(12):2199-2205.
[7] Parrotta J A.Productivity,nutrient cycling,succession in single and mixed- species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia,Eucalyptus robusta,and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico[J].Ecology and Management,1999,124(1):45-77.
[8] Augusto L,Ranger J,Binkley D.Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility[J].Annals of Forest Science,2002,59(3):233-253.
[9] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[10] 吴金水,林启美,黄巧云.土壤微生物生物量的测定及其应用[M].北京:中国气象出版社,2006.
[11] Vance E D,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D C.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1987,19(6):703-707.
[12] Sparling G P,Gupta V V S R,Zhu G Y.Release of ninhydrin-reactive compounds during fumigation of soil to estimate microbial C and N[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1993,25(12):1803-1805.
[13] Brookes P C,Powlson D S,Jenkinson D S.Measuring of microbial biomass phosphorus in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1982,14(4):319-329
[14] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同恢复阶段植被特征与土壤性质的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):90-96.
[15] 许建晶,刘家鹤,罗珠珠,等.黄土高原坡耕地植物篱-作物复合系统土壤理化性质研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(5):100-108.
[16] 卢成阳,彭晚霞,宋同清,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同生态系统系统土壤微生物与养分的耦合关系[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):522-528.
[17] 罗达,冯秋红,史作民,等.岷江干旱河谷区岷江柏人工林碳氮储量随林龄的动态[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(4):1099–1105.
[18] Jandl R,Linder M,Vesterdal L,et al.How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration?[J].Geoderma,2007,137(3/4):253-268.
[19] Veen J A,Kuikman P J.Soil structural aspects of decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms[J].Biogeochemistry,1990,11(3):213-233.
[20] Montagnini F.Accumulation in above-ground biomass and soil storage of mineral nutrients in pure and mixed plantations in a humid tropical lowland [J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,134(1/2/3):257-270.
[21] Forrester D I,Bauhus J,Cowie A L.Carbon allocation in a mixed-species plantation of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,233(2/3):275-284.
[22] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤酶活性特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1516-1524.
[23] 杨满元,杨宁.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复过程中土壤生化强度变化[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(7):1125-1127.
[24] 徐惠风,刘兴土,白军红.长白山沟谷湿地乌拉苔草湿地土壤微生物动态及环境效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):115-118.
[25] 李硕,聂中南,姜哲浩,等.鸭茅与伴生种不同混播比例对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(2):12-19
[26] Smolander A,Kurka A,Kitunen V,et al.Microbial biomass C and N,and respiratory activity in soil of repeatedly limed and N- and P-fertilized norway spruce stands[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1994,26(8):957-962.
[27] 彭佩钦,吴金水,黄道友,等.洞庭湖区不同利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2261-2267.
[28] 蔡晓布,钱成,张永清.退化高寒草原土壤生物学性质的变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1733-1738.
[29] 杨满元,杨宁.紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被类型土壤活性有机碳组分的比较[J].草地学报,2018,26(2):380-385.
[30] 宋玲玲,田青,李宗杰,等.会宁县退耕还林还草工程植被生长状况分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(3):102-107.
[2] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤微生物群落多样性的变化[J].林业科学,2016,52(8):146-156.
[3] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量与土壤养分演变[J].林业科学,2014,50(12):144-150.
[4] 杨宁,邹冬生,付美云,等.紫色土丘陵坡地恢复中土壤团聚体特征及其与土壤性质的关系[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(9):2361-2368.
[5] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复阶段土壤特性的演变[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2693-2701.
[6] 黄宇,汪思龙,冯宗炜,等.不同人工林对林地土壤质量影响评价[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(12):2199-2205.
[7] Parrotta J A.Productivity,nutrient cycling,succession in single and mixed- species plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia,Eucalyptus robusta,and Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto Rico[J].Ecology and Management,1999,124(1):45-77.
[8] Augusto L,Ranger J,Binkley D.Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility[J].Annals of Forest Science,2002,59(3):233-253.
[9] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[10] 吴金水,林启美,黄巧云.土壤微生物生物量的测定及其应用[M].北京:中国气象出版社,2006.
[11] Vance E D,Brookes P C,Jenkinson D C.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1987,19(6):703-707.
[12] Sparling G P,Gupta V V S R,Zhu G Y.Release of ninhydrin-reactive compounds during fumigation of soil to estimate microbial C and N[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1993,25(12):1803-1805.
[13] Brookes P C,Powlson D S,Jenkinson D S.Measuring of microbial biomass phosphorus in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1982,14(4):319-329
[14] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同恢复阶段植被特征与土壤性质的关系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):90-96.
[15] 许建晶,刘家鹤,罗珠珠,等.黄土高原坡耕地植物篱-作物复合系统土壤理化性质研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(5):100-108.
[16] 卢成阳,彭晚霞,宋同清,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同生态系统系统土壤微生物与养分的耦合关系[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):522-528.
[17] 罗达,冯秋红,史作民,等.岷江干旱河谷区岷江柏人工林碳氮储量随林龄的动态[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(4):1099–1105.
[18] Jandl R,Linder M,Vesterdal L,et al.How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration?[J].Geoderma,2007,137(3/4):253-268.
[19] Veen J A,Kuikman P J.Soil structural aspects of decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms[J].Biogeochemistry,1990,11(3):213-233.
[20] Montagnini F.Accumulation in above-ground biomass and soil storage of mineral nutrients in pure and mixed plantations in a humid tropical lowland [J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,134(1/2/3):257-270.
[21] Forrester D I,Bauhus J,Cowie A L.Carbon allocation in a mixed-species plantation of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,233(2/3):275-284.
[22] 杨宁,邹冬生,杨满元,等.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段土壤酶活性特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1516-1524.
[23] 杨满元,杨宁.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地植被恢复过程中土壤生化强度变化[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(7):1125-1127.
[24] 徐惠风,刘兴土,白军红.长白山沟谷湿地乌拉苔草湿地土壤微生物动态及环境效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(3):115-118.
[25] 李硕,聂中南,姜哲浩,等.鸭茅与伴生种不同混播比例对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(2):12-19
[26] Smolander A,Kurka A,Kitunen V,et al.Microbial biomass C and N,and respiratory activity in soil of repeatedly limed and N- and P-fertilized norway spruce stands[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1994,26(8):957-962.
[27] 彭佩钦,吴金水,黄道友,等.洞庭湖区不同利用方式对土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(7):2261-2267.
[28] 蔡晓布,钱成,张永清.退化高寒草原土壤生物学性质的变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1733-1738.
[29] 杨满元,杨宁.紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被类型土壤活性有机碳组分的比较[J].草地学报,2018,26(2):380-385.
[30] 宋玲玲,田青,李宗杰,等.会宁县退耕还林还草工程植被生长状况分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(3):102-107.