协同发展生态农业与社区支持农业促进乡村振兴
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摘要
农业问题总是存在于农业之外。本文从政治生态学视角把脉新时期我国农业产业及其相关的农村、农民问题之困,梳理为了缓和或解决"三农"问题在全国上下方兴未艾的生态农业与社区支持农业协同创新实践,唤起全社会对"三农"出路的思考和参与。文章涉及实施乡村振兴战略的方方面面,包括城乡融合发展机制、农业基本经营体制、农业产业体系、农产品供给侧结构性改革等,核心观点是通过生态农业和社区支持农业的协同发展,促进农业"三产"有机融合,从"产业兴旺"角度推进乡村振兴。作者提议:1)体现农民(生产者)的主体地位,用社区支持农业理顺农业经营体系;2)强化生态保护的主导目标,用生态农业构建可持续的农业生产体系; 3)突出合作共赢的发展理念,用生态农业和社区支持农业的协同建设促进城乡融合发展。
Agriculture and its associated long-term problems that exist in China have always had its root outside of agriculture itself.The aim of this essay was to diagnose the symptoms of China's agricultural problems, including peasant and rural problems in the new era under the analytical framework of Political Ecology rather than the obsolete analytical framework of Political Economy. The paper also aimed to address the crucial vitality of creative practices that emerge along with the development of Ecological Agriculture and Community Supported Agriculture since 2009. The paper called for nationwide reflection and participation of societies in finding a way out for agriculture and the associated problems. This article addressed most of the aspects of the new strategy of Rural Vitalization proposed by China's central government in 2017, including the issues of Mechanism of Integrated Urban-Rural Development,Basic Agricultural Management System, Agricultural Industry System, Structural Reform of the Supply Side of Agricultural Production,etc. The core idea was to integrate the development of the triple industries of agriculture and to eventually facilitate Rural Vitalization from the angle of ‘Industrial Blossom' by mean of concerted development of Ecological Agriculture and Community-Supported Agriculture. To achieve these goals, the authors proposed the following incentives from policy-making aspects: 1) developing Community-Supported Agriculture for rationalization of agricultural managerial system to embody the principal position of farmers(producers) in agricultural production; 2) building a sustainable agricultural production system by means of Ecological Agriculture to strengthen the leading role of ecological protection; 3) coordinating Ecological Agriculture and Community-Supported Agriculture for concerted development of urban and rural areas to characterize the concept of win-win cooperation in the new era.
Agriculture and its associated long-term problems that exist in China have always had its root outside of agriculture itself.The aim of this essay was to diagnose the symptoms of China's agricultural problems, including peasant and rural problems in the new era under the analytical framework of Political Ecology rather than the obsolete analytical framework of Political Economy. The paper also aimed to address the crucial vitality of creative practices that emerge along with the development of Ecological Agriculture and Community Supported Agriculture since 2009. The paper called for nationwide reflection and participation of societies in finding a way out for agriculture and the associated problems. This article addressed most of the aspects of the new strategy of Rural Vitalization proposed by China's central government in 2017, including the issues of Mechanism of Integrated Urban-Rural Development,Basic Agricultural Management System, Agricultural Industry System, Structural Reform of the Supply Side of Agricultural Production,etc. The core idea was to integrate the development of the triple industries of agriculture and to eventually facilitate Rural Vitalization from the angle of ‘Industrial Blossom' by mean of concerted development of Ecological Agriculture and Community-Supported Agriculture. To achieve these goals, the authors proposed the following incentives from policy-making aspects: 1) developing Community-Supported Agriculture for rationalization of agricultural managerial system to embody the principal position of farmers(producers) in agricultural production; 2) building a sustainable agricultural production system by means of Ecological Agriculture to strengthen the leading role of ecological protection; 3) coordinating Ecological Agriculture and Community-Supported Agriculture for concerted development of urban and rural areas to characterize the concept of win-win cooperation in the new era.
引文
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[5]康智明,张荣霞,叶玉珍,等.基于GIS的福建农田氮磷地表径流流失与污染风险评估[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(12):1725-1735KANG Z M,ZHANG R X,YE Y Z,et al.GIS-based pollution risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff in farmlands in Fujian Province[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(12):1725-1735
[6]SHI Y,CHENG C W,LEI P,et al.Safe food,green food,good food:Chinese Community Supported Agriculture and the rising middle class[J].International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability,2011,9(4):551-558
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[8]王松良,陈冬梅.福建现代生态农业的发展成就、问题和对策[J].福建农林大学学报:社会科学版,2009,12(4):25-29WANG S L,CHEN D M.Development of modern ecological agriculture in Fujian:Achievements,problems and countermeasures[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,2009,12(4):25-29
[9]PETRINI C.Slow Food Nation:Why Our Food Should Be Good,Clean,and Fair[M].Furlan C,Hunt J,trans.New York:Rizzoli Ex Libris,2007
[10]SCOTT S,SI Z Z,SCHUMILAS T,et al.Contradictions in state-and civil society-driven developments in China’s ecological agriculture sector[J].Food Policy,2014,45:158-166
[11]王松良,CALDWELL C D,祝文烽.低碳农业:来源、原理和策略[J].农业现代化研究,2010,31(5):604-607WANG S L,CALDWELL C D,ZHU W F.Low carbon agriculture:Origins,principles and strategies[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2010,31(5):604-607
[12]王松良.信息技术:走向农业生态系统的可持续管理[J].农业网络信息,2005,(8):4-7WANG S L.Information technology:Toward the way to the sustainable management of agroecosystem[J].Agriculture Network Information,2005,(8):4-7
[2]WANG R Y,SI Z Z,NG C N,et al.The transformation of trust in China’s alternative food networks:Disruption,reconstruction,and development[J].Ecology and Society,2015,20(2):19
[3]孙铖,周华真,陈磊,等.农田化肥氮磷地表径流污染风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1266-1273SUN C,ZHOU H Z,CHEN L,et al.The pollution risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff from farmland fertilizer[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(7):1266-1273
[4]刘钦普.江苏氮磷钾化肥使用地域分异及环境风险评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1477-1483LIU Q P.Regional difference of NPK fertilizers application and environmental risk assessment in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(5):1477-1483
[5]康智明,张荣霞,叶玉珍,等.基于GIS的福建农田氮磷地表径流流失与污染风险评估[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(12):1725-1735KANG Z M,ZHANG R X,YE Y Z,et al.GIS-based pollution risk assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff in farmlands in Fujian Province[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(12):1725-1735
[6]SHI Y,CHENG C W,LEI P,et al.Safe food,green food,good food:Chinese Community Supported Agriculture and the rising middle class[J].International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability,2011,9(4):551-558
[7]王松良,考德威尔C D,基利尼克S L,等.农业生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012WANG S L,CALDWELL C D,KILYANEK S L,et al.Agroecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012
[8]王松良,陈冬梅.福建现代生态农业的发展成就、问题和对策[J].福建农林大学学报:社会科学版,2009,12(4):25-29WANG S L,CHEN D M.Development of modern ecological agriculture in Fujian:Achievements,problems and countermeasures[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Philosophy and Social Sciences,2009,12(4):25-29
[9]PETRINI C.Slow Food Nation:Why Our Food Should Be Good,Clean,and Fair[M].Furlan C,Hunt J,trans.New York:Rizzoli Ex Libris,2007
[10]SCOTT S,SI Z Z,SCHUMILAS T,et al.Contradictions in state-and civil society-driven developments in China’s ecological agriculture sector[J].Food Policy,2014,45:158-166
[11]王松良,CALDWELL C D,祝文烽.低碳农业:来源、原理和策略[J].农业现代化研究,2010,31(5):604-607WANG S L,CALDWELL C D,ZHU W F.Low carbon agriculture:Origins,principles and strategies[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2010,31(5):604-607
[12]王松良.信息技术:走向农业生态系统的可持续管理[J].农业网络信息,2005,(8):4-7WANG S L.Information technology:Toward the way to the sustainable management of agroecosystem[J].Agriculture Network Information,2005,(8):4-7