山区“三生”耦合茶园模式构建研究
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摘要
通过深入福建省乡村与茶园调研,结合山区茶业生产实际,按照乡村振兴战略与山区茶业绿色发展要求,率先提出构建山区"三生"(生产-生态-生活)耦合茶园的新型模式,即以茶园生产-生态-生活各功能要素在时序-空间-结构上的合理布局和山地生态过程的整体耦合为目标,通过相关要素有序链接与相互促进作用,实现子系统之间的互补与叠加,提高山区茶园的资源利用率与劳动生产率。从生态恢复与地力保育子系统工程、水土保持与立体种养子系统工程、水分涵养与茶园景观子系统工程、绿化环境与茶旅结合子系统工程、科学开垦与水肥调控子系统工程、多样发展与康悦养生子系统工程等6个子系统工程方面论述了如何构建山区"三生"耦合茶园的综合开发经营体系,并从政策导向引领、科学制定规划,实施项目带动、注重集成示范,鼓励创新创业、强化评优补助,强化多样开发、促进增效增收,注重绿色经营、加强品牌培育,统筹"三生"关系、完善协调机制,讲求因势利导、优化正向叠加,强化过程管理、推动三产融合等8个方面提出了推动山区"三生"耦合茶园的绿色经营与持续发展的对策建议。
Based on a survey of several rural tea gardens in Fujian Province, the new coupling ecosystem of production, ecology, and life in mountain areas, referred to as "production-ecology-life" coupling tea gardens, was suggested according to the rural revitalization strategy and green development requirements for the mountain tea industry. This model was based on the timing-space-structured rational layout of tea garden functional elements, including production, ecology and life, and the coupling of mountain ecological processes. It promoted the complementarity and superposition of tea garden subsystems through ordered links and mutual promotion of related elements, and improved resource utilization and labor productivity in mountain tea gardens. In this paper, we discussed the construction of a comprehensive development and management system for the "production-ecology-life"coupling tea garden in a mountain area from six subsystems, including ecological restoration and soil fertility improvement; soil and water conservation and dimensional interplanting/breeding; water conservation and tea garden landscape; green environment and tea travel-life; scientific reclamation and water and fertilizer regulation; and diverse development and leisure health. Finally, eight countermeasures for green management and sustainable development of the "production-ecology-life" coupling tea garden in mountain areas were suggested, including policy guidance and scientific planning; project driving and integration demonstration; encouragement of innovation and reward subsidy; diversified development and promotion of efficiency; green management and brand cultivation; coordinating the "production-ecology-life" relationship and improving the coordination mechanism; improving the occasion and optimizing positive action; and strengthening management and promoting industrial integration. These measures provided a reference for transforming and enhancing the green tea industry in the future.
Based on a survey of several rural tea gardens in Fujian Province, the new coupling ecosystem of production, ecology, and life in mountain areas, referred to as "production-ecology-life" coupling tea gardens, was suggested according to the rural revitalization strategy and green development requirements for the mountain tea industry. This model was based on the timing-space-structured rational layout of tea garden functional elements, including production, ecology and life, and the coupling of mountain ecological processes. It promoted the complementarity and superposition of tea garden subsystems through ordered links and mutual promotion of related elements, and improved resource utilization and labor productivity in mountain tea gardens. In this paper, we discussed the construction of a comprehensive development and management system for the "production-ecology-life"coupling tea garden in a mountain area from six subsystems, including ecological restoration and soil fertility improvement; soil and water conservation and dimensional interplanting/breeding; water conservation and tea garden landscape; green environment and tea travel-life; scientific reclamation and water and fertilizer regulation; and diverse development and leisure health. Finally, eight countermeasures for green management and sustainable development of the "production-ecology-life" coupling tea garden in mountain areas were suggested, including policy guidance and scientific planning; project driving and integration demonstration; encouragement of innovation and reward subsidy; diversified development and promotion of efficiency; green management and brand cultivation; coordinating the "production-ecology-life" relationship and improving the coordination mechanism; improving the occasion and optimizing positive action; and strengthening management and promoting industrial integration. These measures provided a reference for transforming and enhancing the green tea industry in the future.
引文
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[10]王峰,吴志丹,陈玉真,等.提高福建茶园土壤肥力质量的技术途径[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(10):1139-1145WANG F,WU Z D,CHEN Y Z,et al.Means to improve soil fertility of tea plantations in Fujian[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(10):1139-1145
[11]江用文,陈宗懋,鲁成银.我国茶叶的安全质量现状与建议[J].中国农业科技导报,2002,4(5):24-27JIANG Y W,CHEN Z M,LU C Y.The status and suggestion to safety quality of Chinese tea[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2002,4(5):24-27
[12]黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):656-660HUANG G Q,WANG X Q,QIAN H Y,et al.Negative impact of inorganic fertilizes application on agricultural environment and its countermeasures[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(4):656-660
[2]翁伯琦,王义祥,钟珍梅.山地生态茶园复合栽培技术的研究与展望[J].茶叶学报,2015,56(3):133-138WENG B Q,WANG Y X,ZHONG Z M.Development of ecological tea plantations in China[J].Acta Tea Sinica,2015,56(3):133-138
[3]毛加梅,唐一春,玉香甩,等.我国生态茶园建设模式研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2010,(5):9-10MAO J M,TANG Y C,YU X S,et al.Advance on ecological tea gardens in China[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2010,(5):9-10
[4]廖万有.我国茶园生态系统现状及其发展对策[J].生态农业研究,1998,6(3):73-75LIAO W Y.Ecosystem situations and developmental countermeasure of tea gardens in China[J].Eco-Agriculture Research,1998,6(3):73-75
[5]赵其国.生态高值农业是我国农业发展的战略方向[J].土壤,2010,42(6):857-862ZHAO Q G.Characteristics and objectives of ecological high-value agricultural system in China[J].Soil,2010,42(6):857-862
[6]李文华.可持续发展的生态学思考[J].四川师范学院学报:自然科学版,2000,21(3):215-220LI W H.Ecological thought of sustainable development[J].Journal of Sichuan Teachers College:Natural Science,2000,21(3):215-220
[7]翁伯琦,吴志丹,尤志明,等.茶树有机栽培及对土壤生态环境的影响[J].福建农业学报,2008,23(4):429-435WENG B Q,WU Z D,YOU Z M,et al.Organic tea cultivation and its ecological effects on soil[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,23(4):429-435
[8]黄东风,王利民,李卫华,等.茶园套种牧草对作物产量及土壤基本肥力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(11):1289-1293HUANG D F,WANG L M,LI W H,et al.Effects of inter-planting forage with tea on yield and soil fertility[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(11):1289-1293
[9]尤志明,吴志丹,章明清,等.福建茶园化肥减施增效技术研究思路[J].茶叶学报,2017,58(3):91-95YOU Z M,WU Z D,ZHANG M Q,et al.Reduction and improvement on chemical fertilizer utilization at tea plantations in Fujian[J].Acta Tea Sinica,2017,58(3):91-95
[10]王峰,吴志丹,陈玉真,等.提高福建茶园土壤肥力质量的技术途径[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(10):1139-1145WANG F,WU Z D,CHEN Y Z,et al.Means to improve soil fertility of tea plantations in Fujian[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,27(10):1139-1145
[11]江用文,陈宗懋,鲁成银.我国茶叶的安全质量现状与建议[J].中国农业科技导报,2002,4(5):24-27JIANG Y W,CHEN Z M,LU C Y.The status and suggestion to safety quality of Chinese tea[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2002,4(5):24-27
[12]黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):656-660HUANG G Q,WANG X Q,QIAN H Y,et al.Negative impact of inorganic fertilizes application on agricultural environment and its countermeasures[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(4):656-660