环境规制、市场集中与环境效率——来自中国工业行业面板数据的检验
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摘要
利用超效率SBM模型测算了我国37个工业行业2001—2013年间的环境效率,在此基础上实证分析了市场集中对环境效率的改善效果,进一步检验了环境规制的政策效果。结果显示:市场集中度只有超过一定门槛值才能提高环境效率,且门槛值与污染强度正相关;环境规制对市场集中的促进效果呈边际递减,环境规制和市场集中的交互作用可提高环境效率,该作用在清洁行业更明显。这意味着以提高环境效率为主,一方面应以市场竞争为基础导向,淘汰污染排放严重、技术水平落后的企业,提高市场集中度;另一方面应以污染程度为依据,制定合理的环境规制政策和产业政策,对高污染产业采取更加严苛的环境规制手段,加大对清洁行业和高技术行业的产业政策倾斜力度。
Based on the super efficiency SBM model,the environmental efficiency of China' s 37 industries in 2001-2013 years were calculated in this paper. Then,further the policy effect of environmental regulation was tested through empirical analysis of the improvement effect of market concentration on environmental efficiency. The results showed that only when the market concentration rate exceeded a certain threshold could environmental efficiency be improved,and the threshold was positively correlated with the intensity of pollution,the promotion effect of environmental regulation on market concentration decreased marginally. The interaction between environmental regulation and market concentration could improve environmental efficiency,which was more obvious in the clean industry. In order to improve environmental efficiency,on the one hand,policy makers should weed out producers with serious pollution emissions and backward technological,improve the concentration of industrial market base on market orientation. On the other hand,they should formulate reasonable environmental regulation policies and industrial policies based on the degree of pollution,adopt more stringent environmental regulation measures for high-polluting industries,and increase the inclination of industrial policies for clean industries and high-tech industries.
Based on the super efficiency SBM model,the environmental efficiency of China' s 37 industries in 2001-2013 years were calculated in this paper. Then,further the policy effect of environmental regulation was tested through empirical analysis of the improvement effect of market concentration on environmental efficiency. The results showed that only when the market concentration rate exceeded a certain threshold could environmental efficiency be improved,and the threshold was positively correlated with the intensity of pollution,the promotion effect of environmental regulation on market concentration decreased marginally. The interaction between environmental regulation and market concentration could improve environmental efficiency,which was more obvious in the clean industry. In order to improve environmental efficiency,on the one hand,policy makers should weed out producers with serious pollution emissions and backward technological,improve the concentration of industrial market base on market orientation. On the other hand,they should formulate reasonable environmental regulation policies and industrial policies based on the degree of pollution,adopt more stringent environmental regulation measures for high-polluting industries,and increase the inclination of industrial policies for clean industries and high-tech industries.
引文
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[23]王兵,吴延瑞,颜鹏飞.中国区域环境效率与环境全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2010,(5)∶95-109.
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[25]李玲,陶锋.中国制造业最优环境规制强度的选择———基于绿色全要素生产率的视角[J].中国工业经济,2012,(5)∶70-82.
[26]王燕,徐妍.中国制造业空间集聚对全要素生产率的影响机理研究———基于双门限回归模型的实证分析[J].财经研究,2012,(3)∶135-144.
[27]郝书辰,马恩涛.产业集中度、企业所有制性质与企业绩效[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,(4)∶89-95.
[28]徐开军,原毅军.环境规制与产业结构调整的实证研究———基于不同污染物治理视角下的系统GMM估计[J].工业技术经济,2014,(12)∶101-109.
[29]张彩云,郭艳青.污染产业转移能够实现经济和环境双赢吗?———基于环境规制视角的研究[J].财经研究,2015,(10)∶96-108.
[30]孙学敏,王杰.环境规制对中国企业规模分布的影响[J].中国工业经济,2014,(12)∶44-56.
[31]王书斌、徐盈之.环境规制与雾霾脱钩效应———基于企业投资偏好的视角[J].中国工业经济,2015,(4)∶18-30.
[2]李光勤,刘莉.环境规制、财政分权与中国绿色经济效率[J].华东经济管理,2018,32(1)∶39-45.
[3]罗能生,王玉泽.财政分权、环境规制与区域生态效率———基于动态空间杜宾模型的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(4)∶110-118.
[4]周杰琦,汪同三.外资特征、环境规制与环境效率———理论与中国经验[J].当代财经,2017,(8)∶89-100.
[5]郝书辰,马恩涛.产业集中度、企业所有制性质与企业绩效[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,(4)∶89-95.
[6]郭树龙,李启航.中国制造业市场集中度动态变化及其影响因素研究[J].经济学家,2014,(3)∶25-36.
[7]魏后凯.市场竞争、经济绩效与产业集中[D].北京:中国社会科学院研究生院博士论文,2001.
[8]沈鸿,陈丽娴.中国制造业的市场集中、地理集聚与企业绩效[J].财经论丛,2017,(3)∶3-10.
[9]Daniel Fernández-Kranz,Juan Santaló. When Necessity Becomes a Virtue:The Effect of Product Market Competition on Corporate Social Responsibility[J]. Journal of Economics&Management Strategy,2010,19(2)∶453-487.
[10]Jiang L,Lin C,Lin P. The Determinants of Pollution Levels:FirmLevel Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics,2014,42(1)∶118-142.
[11]Flammer C. Does Product Market Competition Foster Corporate Social Responsibility? Evidence from Trade Liberalization[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2015,36(10)∶1469-1485.
[12]Nesta L,Vona F,Nicolli F. Environmental Policies,Competition and Innovation in Renewable Energy[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2014,67(3)∶396-411.
[13]杨帆,周沂,贺灿飞.产业组织、产业集聚与中国制造业产业污染[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,(3)∶563-573.
[14]Zeng D Z,Zhao L. Pollution Havens and Industrial Agglomeration[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2009,58(2)∶141-153.
[15]Acemoglu D,Aghion P,Hemous B D,et al. The Environment and Directed Technical Change[J]. The American Economic Review,2012,102(1)∶131-166.
[16]Shimamoto K. Effects of Environmental Regulations on Pollution Reduction and Firm Location[J]. Regional Science Inquiry,2016,8(3)∶65-76.
[17]沈能.环境效率、行业异质性与最优规制强度———中国工业行业面板数据的非线性检验[J].中国工业经济,2012,(3)∶56-68.
[18]Dean T J,Brown R L. Pollution Regulation as a Barrier to New Firm Entry:Initial Evidence and Implications for Future Research[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1995,38(1)∶288-303.
[19]Dean T J,Brown R L,Stango V. Environmental Regulation as a Barrier to the Formation of Small Manufacturing Establishments:A Longitudinal Examination[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2000,40(1)∶56-75.
[20]张成,于同申.环境规制会影响产业集中度吗?一个经验研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(3)∶98-103.
[21]Kato K. Emission Quota versus Emission Tax in a Mixed Duopoly[J]. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies,2011,13(1)∶43-63.
[22]刘晔,周志波.不完全竞争市场结构下环境税效应研究述评[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(2)∶121-128.
[23]王兵,吴延瑞,颜鹏飞.中国区域环境效率与环境全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2010,(5)∶95-109.
[24]袁鹏,程施.中国工业环境效率的库兹涅茨曲线检验[J].中国工业经济,2011,(2)∶79-88.
[25]李玲,陶锋.中国制造业最优环境规制强度的选择———基于绿色全要素生产率的视角[J].中国工业经济,2012,(5)∶70-82.
[26]王燕,徐妍.中国制造业空间集聚对全要素生产率的影响机理研究———基于双门限回归模型的实证分析[J].财经研究,2012,(3)∶135-144.
[27]郝书辰,马恩涛.产业集中度、企业所有制性质与企业绩效[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,(4)∶89-95.
[28]徐开军,原毅军.环境规制与产业结构调整的实证研究———基于不同污染物治理视角下的系统GMM估计[J].工业技术经济,2014,(12)∶101-109.
[29]张彩云,郭艳青.污染产业转移能够实现经济和环境双赢吗?———基于环境规制视角的研究[J].财经研究,2015,(10)∶96-108.
[30]孙学敏,王杰.环境规制对中国企业规模分布的影响[J].中国工业经济,2014,(12)∶44-56.
[31]王书斌、徐盈之.环境规制与雾霾脱钩效应———基于企业投资偏好的视角[J].中国工业经济,2015,(4)∶18-30.