中国实现2030年可持续发展目标进程分析与对策
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摘要
本文基于联合国可持续发展行动网络牵头发布的可持续发展目标指数和指示板报告,对中国实现2030年可持续发展目标状况进行了分析,认为尽管中国的SDG指数在全球整体排名中呈逐步上升趋势,但生态环境相关指标总体依然面临严峻挑战:中国与生态环境相关的目标评级偏低;SDG指数和指示板报告采用的评价指标与中国生态环境保护重点工作关联性不强;中国的统计数据难以满足测量2030年议程的数据需求等。为实现联合国倡议的2030年可持续发展目标,中国应打好污染防治攻坚战,提高环境治理水平,加快建立中国本土化评估指标体系,形成SDGs指标年度报告制,建立SDGs实施机制,建立与2030年议程相适应的统计支撑体系。
Based on the SDG Index and Dashboards Report led by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, this paper analyzes the status about China's achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Although SDG Index for China is gradually increasing in the global ranking, the indicators related to the ecological environment still face severe challenges, the rating of China's eco-environment-related targets is low. China's statistics Data is difficult to meet the data needs of the 2030 Agenda. Moreover, the paper points out that the evaluation indicators used in the SDG Index and Dashboards Report are not strongly related to the key tasks of China's current eco-environmental protection, which leads to a lower ranking for China contrast to the reality. In order to achieve the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, it's suggested that China should fight well with the pollution prevention to improve environmental governance level; accelerate establishment of China's local assessment index system and form an annual reporting system for SDGs; establish an implementation mechanism for SDGs, and conduct provincial assessments based on local conditions; establish a statistical support system according with the 2030 Agenda.
Based on the SDG Index and Dashboards Report led by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, this paper analyzes the status about China's achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Although SDG Index for China is gradually increasing in the global ranking, the indicators related to the ecological environment still face severe challenges, the rating of China's eco-environment-related targets is low. China's statistics Data is difficult to meet the data needs of the 2030 Agenda. Moreover, the paper points out that the evaluation indicators used in the SDG Index and Dashboards Report are not strongly related to the key tasks of China's current eco-environmental protection, which leads to a lower ranking for China contrast to the reality. In order to achieve the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, it's suggested that China should fight well with the pollution prevention to improve environmental governance level; accelerate establishment of China's local assessment index system and form an annual reporting system for SDGs; establish an implementation mechanism for SDGs, and conduct provincial assessments based on local conditions; establish a statistical support system according with the 2030 Agenda.
引文
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[21]邱卓英,郭键勋,杨剑,等.康复2030:促进实现《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》相关目标[J].中国康复理论与实践,2017,23(4):373-378.
[22]过勇,宋伟.清廉指数的腐败测评方法与局限性[J].经济社会体制比较,2013(5):151-160.
[23]中华人民共和国外交部.中国落实2030年可持续发展议程进展报告[EB/OL].[2017-08-24].http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/ziliao_674904/zt_674979/dnzt_674981/qtzt/2030kcxfzyc_686343/.
[24]张殷俊,陈曦,谢高地,等.中国细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染状况和空间分布[J].资源科学,2015,37(7):1339-1346.
[25]中共中央,国务院.关于全面加强生态环境保护坚决打好污染防治攻坚战的意见[EB/OL].[2018-06-16]http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-06/24/c_1123028598.htm.
[26]宋国君.打好“三大攻坚战”/“污染防治与环保制度创新”系列笔谈之一区域排污权交易市场建设的政策选择[J].改革,2017(10):68-71.
[2]AITSI-SELMI A,MURRAY V,WANNOUS C,et al.Reflections on a science and technology agenda for 21st century disaster risk reduction:based on the scientific content of the 2016 UNISDR science and technology conference on the implementation of the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030[J].International journal of disaster risk science,2016,7(1):1-29.
[3]CAIADO R G G,LEAL FILHO W,QUELHAS O L G,et al.A literaturebased review on potentials and constraints in the implementation of the sustainable development goals[J].Journal of cleaner production,2018,198:1276-1288.
[4]CHOI J,HWANG M,KIM G,et al.Supporting the measurement of the United Nations’sustainable development goal 11 through the use of national urban information systems and open geospatial technologies:a case study of South Korea[J].Open geospatial data,software and standards,2016,1:4.
[5]IAEG-SDGs.Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development[EB/OL].https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/.
[6]United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network(UNSDSN),SDG Index And Dashboards Report 2016[EB/OL].http://sdgindex.org/reports/2016/?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0.
[7]United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network(UNSDSN),SDG Index And Dashboards Report 2017[EB/OL].http://sdgindex.org/reports/2017/?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0.
[8]United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network(UNSDSN),SDG Index And Dashboards Report 2018[EB/OL].http://sdgindex.org/reports/2018/?from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0.
[9]KHALILI N R,DUECKER S.Application of multi-criteria decision analysis in design of sustainable environmental management system framework[J].Journal of cleaner production,2013,47:188-198.
[10]KUMI E,ARHIN A A,YEBOAH T.Can post-2015 sustainable development goals survive neoliberalism?A critical examination of the sustainable development-neoliberalism nexus in developing countries[J].Environment,development and sustainability,2014,16(3):539-554.
[11]HUTTON G,CHASE C.The knowledge base for achieving the sustainable development goal targets on water supply,sanitation and hygiene[J].International journal of environmental research and public health,2016,13(6):536.
[12]DIZ D,JOHNSON D,RIDDELL M,et al.Mainstreaming marine biodiversity into the SDGs:the role of other effective area-based conservation measures(SDG 14.5)[J].Marine policy,2018,93:251-261.
[13]CORMIER R,ELLIOTT M.SMART marine goals,targets and management-is SDG 14 operational or aspirational,is‘Life Below Water’sinking or swimming?[J].Marine pollution bulletin,2017,123(1-2):28-33.
[14]NEUMANN K,ANDERSON C,DENICH M.Participatory,explorative,qualitative modeling:application of the iMODELER software to assess trade-offs among the SDGs[J].Economics:the open-access,open-assessment E-journal,2018,12(25):1-19.
[15]CUMMING T L,SHACKLETON R T,F?RSTER J,et al.Achieving the national development agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)through investment in ecological infrastructure:a case study of South Africa[J].Ecosystem services,2017,27:253-260.
[16]WOOD S L R,JONES S K,JOHNSON J A,et al.Distilling the role of ecosystem services in the sustainable development goals[J].Ecosystem services,2018,29:70-82.
[17]MANN C,GARCIA-MARTIN M,RAYMOND C M,et al.The potential for integrated landscape management to fulfil Europe’s commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals[J].Landscape and urban planning,2018,177:75-82.
[18]MOHAMMED E Y,STEINBACH D,STEELE P.Fiscal reforms for sustainable marine fisheries governance:delivering the SDGs and ensuring no one is left behind[J].Marine policy,2018,93:262-270.
[19]薛澜,翁凌飞.中国实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标的政策机遇和挑战[J].中国软科学,2017(1):1-12.
[20]宇传华,王璐.联合国健康相关SDG指标及中国现状[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(1):1-7.
[21]邱卓英,郭键勋,杨剑,等.康复2030:促进实现《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》相关目标[J].中国康复理论与实践,2017,23(4):373-378.
[22]过勇,宋伟.清廉指数的腐败测评方法与局限性[J].经济社会体制比较,2013(5):151-160.
[23]中华人民共和国外交部.中国落实2030年可持续发展议程进展报告[EB/OL].[2017-08-24].http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/ziliao_674904/zt_674979/dnzt_674981/qtzt/2030kcxfzyc_686343/.
[24]张殷俊,陈曦,谢高地,等.中国细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染状况和空间分布[J].资源科学,2015,37(7):1339-1346.
[25]中共中央,国务院.关于全面加强生态环境保护坚决打好污染防治攻坚战的意见[EB/OL].[2018-06-16]http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-06/24/c_1123028598.htm.
[26]宋国君.打好“三大攻坚战”/“污染防治与环保制度创新”系列笔谈之一区域排污权交易市场建设的政策选择[J].改革,2017(10):68-71.