8种绿化树种对城市夜间照明的生理适应性
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摘要
为探讨城市夜间照明对城市绿化植物生长的影响,以南京市城市绿化中8种常用的绿化树种(银杏、桂花、油茶、香樟、石楠、女贞、鸡爪槭、垂柳)为试验材料,测定各树种叶片的生理指标,研究城市夜间照明对其生理特性的影响。结果表明:城市夜间照明降低了植物叶片中的叶绿素含量(女贞、桂花、油茶除外)、叶绿素a/b和叶绿素/类胡萝卜素的比值;但增加了所有树种的丙二醛(MDA)含量和除香樟外其余树种的相对电导率(REC);增加了香樟、桂花、石楠、银杏4种树种叶片中可溶性糖含量和6种树种脯氨酸含量(女贞和油茶除外),其中银杏叶片中脯氨酸含量增加的幅度最大(48.5%);8种树种叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性均增强。8种树种对城市夜间照明的耐受性顺序为:桂花>香樟>女贞>石楠>油茶>银杏>鸡爪槭>垂柳。城市夜间照明对常绿和落叶树种生理特性产生的影响主要表现在:叶绿素含量降低、相对电导率与MDA含量增加,对落叶植物影响较常绿树种大,但这些植物可通过增加渗透调节能力及提高抗氧化酶活性来降低夜间照明对其造成的不利影响,其中常绿树种中的桂花和落叶树种中的银杏对城市夜间照明的耐受性较强。
The effects of night lighting on physiological adaptations of eight greening-trees(including five evergreen tree species and three deciduous tree species) in the Nanjing urban area were investigated. The results showed that the chlorophyll(Chl) content(except Ligustrum lucidum, Osmanthus fragrans and Camellia oleifera), Chl a/b, and Chl/Car(carotenoids) decreased significantly under night lighting for all species. Meanwhile, night lighting induced an increase in the relative electric conductivity(REC) and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in all species except Cinnamomum camphora. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) were increased in all species, the soluble sugar content were found to have increased significantly under night lighting in four species(Cinnamomum camphora, O. fragrans, Photinia serratifoliaand Ginkgo biloba), and proline contents were found to have increased significantly under night lighting in all species except L. lucidum and C. oleifera, and the proline content in G. biloba leaves increased by as much as 48.5%. The order(from stronger to weaker) of tolerance to night lighting in the eight roadside-trees was O. fragrans> Cinnamomum camphora> L. lucidum> P. serratifolia> Camellia oleifera> G. biloba> Acer palmatum> Salix babylonica according to the membership function values analysis. In conclusion, the physiological properties of these wood plants were affected by the night lighting stress in the urban area, as indicated by the decreasing Chl contents and increasing REC and MDA values; furthermore, the degree of negative influence in deciduous trees was more serious than that in evergreen trees. However, these trees displayed a capacity to resist the night lighting stress through the induction of osmotic regulatory substances(soluble sugars and proline) and enhancements in antioxidant enzyme activities(SOD, POD). The optimal roadside-tree species were determined to be O. fragrans for the evergreen trees and G. biloba for the deciduous trees under night lighting stress.
The effects of night lighting on physiological adaptations of eight greening-trees(including five evergreen tree species and three deciduous tree species) in the Nanjing urban area were investigated. The results showed that the chlorophyll(Chl) content(except Ligustrum lucidum, Osmanthus fragrans and Camellia oleifera), Chl a/b, and Chl/Car(carotenoids) decreased significantly under night lighting for all species. Meanwhile, night lighting induced an increase in the relative electric conductivity(REC) and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in all species except Cinnamomum camphora. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) were increased in all species, the soluble sugar content were found to have increased significantly under night lighting in four species(Cinnamomum camphora, O. fragrans, Photinia serratifoliaand Ginkgo biloba), and proline contents were found to have increased significantly under night lighting in all species except L. lucidum and C. oleifera, and the proline content in G. biloba leaves increased by as much as 48.5%. The order(from stronger to weaker) of tolerance to night lighting in the eight roadside-trees was O. fragrans> Cinnamomum camphora> L. lucidum> P. serratifolia> Camellia oleifera> G. biloba> Acer palmatum> Salix babylonica according to the membership function values analysis. In conclusion, the physiological properties of these wood plants were affected by the night lighting stress in the urban area, as indicated by the decreasing Chl contents and increasing REC and MDA values; furthermore, the degree of negative influence in deciduous trees was more serious than that in evergreen trees. However, these trees displayed a capacity to resist the night lighting stress through the induction of osmotic regulatory substances(soluble sugars and proline) and enhancements in antioxidant enzyme activities(SOD, POD). The optimal roadside-tree species were determined to be O. fragrans for the evergreen trees and G. biloba for the deciduous trees under night lighting stress.
引文
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[19] 龙家焕,浦敏,黄志午,等.光谱调控植物生长发育的研究进展[J].照明工程学报,2018,29(4):8-16.
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[21] 徐超华,李军营,崔明昆,等.延长光照时间对烟草叶片生长发育及光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(4):763-770.
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[24] 朱金方,刘京涛,陆兆华,等.盐胁迫对中国柽柳幼苗生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5 144-5 146.
[25] FILIPPOU P,BOUCHAGIER P,SKOTTI E,et al.Proline and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species metabolism is involved in the tolerant response of the invasive plant species Ailanthus altissima to drought and salinity[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2014,97:1-10.
[26] 逄好胜,张会慧,田野,等.不同光强下盐胁迫对桑树幼苗叶片活性氧和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(8):42-47.
[2] SARAIJI R,OOMMEN M S.Light pollution index (LPI):an integrated approach to study light pollution with street lighting and facade lighting[J].Leukos,2012,9(2):127-145.
[3] FALCHI F,CINZANO P,ELVIDGE C D,et al.Limiting the impact of light pollution on human health,environment and stellar visibility[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2011,92(10):2 714-2 722.
[4] GASTON K J,DAVIES T W,BENNIE J,et al.Review:reducing the ecological consequences of night-time light pollution:options and developments[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,49(6):1 256-1 266.
[5] 孟宇轩,段渊古,曹梦佳,等.园林景观中的光污染及其防治对策[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):210-214.
[6] YANG X Q.Study of light pollution about night landscape lighting[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2012,214:338-342.
[7] 王荷,张蓓蓓,张辉,等.浅析夜景照明对植物生长的影响[J].农学学报,2017,7(5):33-37.
[8] 冉孝千,曾峻峰.浅析城市照明对植物的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2012,18(13):52-53.
[9] 王晓媛,齐维贵.我国城市道路照明节电技术研究与应用现状[J].照明工程学报,2010,21(1):12-18.
[10] SRITHONGKUL J,KANLAYANARAT S,SRILAONG V,et al.Effects of light intensity on growth and accumulation of triterpenoids in three accessions of Asiatic pennywort [Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.][J].Journal of Food,Agriculture & Environment,2011,9(1):360-363.
[11] 曲波,张谨华,王鑫,等.温度和光照对藜麦幼苗生长发育的影响[J].农业工程,2018,8(7):128-131.
[12] 陈良华,曹艺,杨万勤,等.三种园林植物对夜间光照的响应与适应特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):549-556.
[13] 段然.基于植物生物节律的园林照明研究:以窄叶石楠为例[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.
[14] 杨春宇,段然,马俊涛.园林照明光源光谱与植物作用关系研究[J].西部人居环境学刊,2015,30(6):24-27.
[15] 陈建勋,王晓峰.植物生理学实验指导[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2006.
[16] CHEN Y,LUO Y Y,QIU N F,et al.Ce3+ induces flavonoids accumulation by regulation of pigments,ions,chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant enzymes in suspension cells of Ginkgo biloba L.[J].Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC),2015,123(2):283-296.
[17] 黎燕琼,刘兴良,郑绍伟,等.岷江上游干旱河谷四种灌木的抗旱生理动态变化[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):870-878.
[18] 陈芳,彭少麟.城市夜晚光污染对行道树的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(7):1 193-1 198.
[19] 龙家焕,浦敏,黄志午,等.光谱调控植物生长发育的研究进展[J].照明工程学报,2018,29(4):8-16.
[20] 刘成功,王明援,刘宁,等.不同光照时间对欧美杨幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[J].林业科学,2018,54(12):33-41.
[21] 徐超华,李军营,崔明昆,等.延长光照时间对烟草叶片生长发育及光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(4):763-770.
[22] VASIL′EV S,BRUCE D.Optimization and evolution of light harvesting in photosynthesis:the role of antenna chlorophyll conserved between photosystemⅡ and photosystemⅠ[J].The Plant Cell,2004,16(11):3 059-3 068.
[23] RODRíGUEZ-CALCERRADA J,SHAHIN O,Del CARMEN Del REY M,et al.Opposite changes in leaf dark respiration and soluble sugars with drought in two Mediterranean oaks[J].Functional Plant Biology,2011,38(12):1 004-1 015.
[24] 朱金方,刘京涛,陆兆华,等.盐胁迫对中国柽柳幼苗生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5 144-5 146.
[25] FILIPPOU P,BOUCHAGIER P,SKOTTI E,et al.Proline and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species metabolism is involved in the tolerant response of the invasive plant species Ailanthus altissima to drought and salinity[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2014,97:1-10.
[26] 逄好胜,张会慧,田野,等.不同光强下盐胁迫对桑树幼苗叶片活性氧和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(8):42-47.