施肥对采煤塌陷复垦土壤团聚体组成及其碳、氮分布的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究施肥对采煤塌陷复垦土壤团聚体组成及其碳、氮分布的影响,为改善采煤塌陷复垦土壤的物理团粒结构与化学性质,促进复垦土壤碳氮循环与利用提供一定理论基础。【方法】以山西省晋城市采煤塌陷复垦区土壤为研究对象,在常规灌溉条件下,以不施肥处理为对照(CK),研究了有机肥、无机肥、有机无机肥配施3种施肥处理对0～20、20～40 cm土层团聚体组成及碳、氮分布的影响。【结果】与CK相比,有机肥处理显著增加了土壤>2mm和1～2 mm粒级团聚体量,降低了0.053～0.25 mm和<0.053 mm粒级微团聚体量,单施化肥较有机肥处理提高了微团聚体量。单施有机肥、有机无机肥配施处理土壤的平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)显著高于单施化肥处理,分形维数(D)低于化肥处理。有机肥处理土壤有机碳、全氮量最高,有机无机肥处理配施次之,单施化肥处理显著低于有机肥处理;土壤有机碳、全氮主要分布在>2 mm、1～2 mm、0.25～1 mm粒级大团聚体,显著高于0.053～0.25 mm、<0.053 mm粒级小团聚体;有机肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理土壤>2 mm、1～2 mm、0.25～1 mm粒级团聚体中的有机碳、全氮量要显著高于单施无机肥处理的。各施肥处理土壤1～2 mm、0.25～1 mm粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮贡献率较高,显著高于其余粒级。有机肥、有机无机配施处理各级团聚体(除0.053～0.25 mm外)的C/N值显著高于CK,而单施化肥处理与CK差异不显著。【结论】不同施肥处理(尤其是有机肥)提高了复垦土壤大团聚体量,增强了团聚体稳定性,提高了团聚体有机碳、全氮量。
【Objective】The objective of this paper is to present experimental results on efficacy of fertilization in improving aggregation and carbon and nitrogen accumulation in soil reclaimed from subsided areas caused by coal mining.【Method】The experiment was conducted under conventional irrigation with non-fertilization as the CK. We compared three treatments: applying organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer. For each treatment, we measured the size of soil aggregates, and carbon and nitrogen content in0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil in a coal mining-induced subsided area at Jincheng City in Shanxi Province.【Result】Compared to CK, organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of macro-aggregates sized >1 mm,and reduced the content of micro-aggregates sized < 0.25 mm. Inorganic fertilization enhanced formation of micro-aggregates, compared to organic fertilization. Applying organic fertilizer significantly increased the average weight diameter(MWD) and geometric mean diameter(GMD) of the aggregates, and reduced the fractal dimension D of the aggregates. The content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in soil under organic fertilization was the highest, followed by organic-inorganic fertilization. The content of carbon and total nitrogen in soil with a single application of inorganic fertilizer was much lower than that under organic fertilization. Majority of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in aggregates > 0.2 mm, 1～2 mm and 0.25～1 mm, especially under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization. The C∶N ratio in all aggregates(except those in 0.053～0.25 mm) was much lower under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization than under CK, and C∶N ratio in CK and inorganic fertilization was comparable.【Conclusion】Fertilizations, especially organic fertilizer, can enhance macro-aggregation in reclaimed soil from subsided areas induced by coal mining. It also increased the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the aggregates.
【Objective】The objective of this paper is to present experimental results on efficacy of fertilization in improving aggregation and carbon and nitrogen accumulation in soil reclaimed from subsided areas caused by coal mining.【Method】The experiment was conducted under conventional irrigation with non-fertilization as the CK. We compared three treatments: applying organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer. For each treatment, we measured the size of soil aggregates, and carbon and nitrogen content in0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil in a coal mining-induced subsided area at Jincheng City in Shanxi Province.【Result】Compared to CK, organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of macro-aggregates sized >1 mm,and reduced the content of micro-aggregates sized < 0.25 mm. Inorganic fertilization enhanced formation of micro-aggregates, compared to organic fertilization. Applying organic fertilizer significantly increased the average weight diameter(MWD) and geometric mean diameter(GMD) of the aggregates, and reduced the fractal dimension D of the aggregates. The content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in soil under organic fertilization was the highest, followed by organic-inorganic fertilization. The content of carbon and total nitrogen in soil with a single application of inorganic fertilizer was much lower than that under organic fertilization. Majority of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in aggregates > 0.2 mm, 1～2 mm and 0.25～1 mm, especially under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization. The C∶N ratio in all aggregates(except those in 0.053～0.25 mm) was much lower under organic and organic-inorganic fertilization than under CK, and C∶N ratio in CK and inorganic fertilization was comparable.【Conclusion】Fertilizations, especially organic fertilizer, can enhance macro-aggregation in reclaimed soil from subsided areas induced by coal mining. It also increased the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the aggregates.
引文
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[14] LI Yayun, LIU Lei, AN Shaoshan, et al. Research on the Effect of Vegetation and Slope Aspect on the Stability and Erodibility of Soil Aggregate in Loess Hilly Region Based on Le Bissonnais Method[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2016,(31):287-298.
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[17]刘中良，宇万太，周桦，等.长期施肥对土壤团聚体分布和养分含量的影响[J].土壤，2011, 43(5):720-728.
[18]陈晓芬，刘明，江春玉，等.不同施肥处理红壤性水稻土团聚体有机碳矿化特征[J].中国农业科学，2018,51(17):3 325-3 334.
[19]冷延慧，汪景宽，李双异.长期施肥对黑土团聚体分布和碳储量变化的影响[J].生态学杂志，2008, 27(12):2 171-2 177.
[20]周刚，赵辉，陈国玉，等.花岗岩红壤区不同地类土壤抗蚀性分异规律研究[J].中国水土保持, 2008(9):27-29,45.
[21]何冰，李廷亮，栗丽，等.采煤塌陷区复垦土壤团聚体碳氮分布对施肥的响应[J].水土保持学报，2018, 32(4):184-189,196.
[22]张艺，戴齐，廖超林，等.增施或减施有机物料对长期培肥红壤性水稻土团聚体组成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料，2017(1):28-32.
[23]高继伟，谢英荷，李廷亮，等.不同培肥措施对矿区复垦土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2018, 37(5):6-12.
[24]张亚杰，钱慧慧，刘坤平，等.施肥对玉米/大豆套作土壤活性有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响[J].华南农业大学学报，2016, 37(3):29-36.
[25]李廷亮，李顺，谢英荷，等.不同施肥措施对晋南旱塬麦田土壤碳氮变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2018, 37(11):43-49.
[26]段建南.黄土高原土壤变化及其过程模拟[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001:103-110.
[27]王润莲，张志栋，刘景辉，等.施肥对免耕旱作燕麦田土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2016, 35(12):55-59.
[28] FEIKE Dijkstra, SARAH Hobbie, PETER Reich, et al. Divergent effects of elevated CO2, N fertilization, and plant diversity on soil C and N dynamics in a grassland field experiment[J]. Plant Soil, 2005, 272(1/2):41-52.
[2]梁利宝，闫峰，许剑敏.不同培肥处理对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤氮素形态的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1):262-266.
[3]武欣，孟会生，李廷亮，等.不同肥料配施对复垦土壤团聚体及有效磷含量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 37(2):104-109,120.
[4]党雯.解钾菌的筛选及其对矿区复垦土壤肥力的影响[D].太原：山西大学，2015.
[5]刘春红，苏筱雨.稻菜轮作下不同施肥处理对土壤团聚体的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2013, 32(2):97-99.
[6]向艳文，郑圣先，廖育林，等.长期施肥对红壤水稻土水稳性团聚体有机碳、氮分布与储量的影响[J].中国农业科学，2009,42(7):2 415-2 424.
[7]曹良元，张磊，蒋先军，等.长期垄作免耕对不同大小土壤团聚体中几种氮素形态分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2009, 15(4):824-830.
[8]邢旭明，王红梅，安婷婷,等.长期施肥对棕壤团聚体组成及其主要养分赋存的影响[J].水土保持学报，2015, 29(2):267-273.
[9]谢钧宇，杨文静，强久次仁，等.长期不同施肥下塿土有机碳和全氮在团聚体中的分布[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2015, 21(6):1 413-1 422.
[10]邸佳颖，刘小粉，杜章留，等.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土团聚体稳定性及固碳特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报，2014, 22(10):1 129-1 138.
[11]林大仪.土壤学实验指导[M].第2版.北京：中国林业大学出版社，2004:20-25.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京：中国农业出版社，2013:40-84.
[13] VAN Bavel C H M. Mean weight-diameter of soil aggregates as a statistical index of aggregation[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1950,14(C):20-23.
[14] LI Yayun, LIU Lei, AN Shaoshan, et al. Research on the Effect of Vegetation and Slope Aspect on the Stability and Erodibility of Soil Aggregate in Loess Hilly Region Based on Le Bissonnais Method[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2016,(31):287-298.
[15]杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报, 1993(20):1 896-1 899.
[16]刘晓利，何园球，李成亮，等.不同利用方式旱地红壤水稳性团聚体及其碳、氮、磷分布特征[J].土壤学报，2009, 46(2):255-262.
[17]刘中良，宇万太，周桦，等.长期施肥对土壤团聚体分布和养分含量的影响[J].土壤，2011, 43(5):720-728.
[18]陈晓芬，刘明，江春玉，等.不同施肥处理红壤性水稻土团聚体有机碳矿化特征[J].中国农业科学，2018,51(17):3 325-3 334.
[19]冷延慧，汪景宽，李双异.长期施肥对黑土团聚体分布和碳储量变化的影响[J].生态学杂志，2008, 27(12):2 171-2 177.
[20]周刚，赵辉，陈国玉，等.花岗岩红壤区不同地类土壤抗蚀性分异规律研究[J].中国水土保持, 2008(9):27-29,45.
[21]何冰，李廷亮，栗丽，等.采煤塌陷区复垦土壤团聚体碳氮分布对施肥的响应[J].水土保持学报，2018, 32(4):184-189,196.
[22]张艺，戴齐，廖超林，等.增施或减施有机物料对长期培肥红壤性水稻土团聚体组成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料，2017(1):28-32.
[23]高继伟，谢英荷，李廷亮，等.不同培肥措施对矿区复垦土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2018, 37(5):6-12.
[24]张亚杰，钱慧慧，刘坤平，等.施肥对玉米/大豆套作土壤活性有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响[J].华南农业大学学报，2016, 37(3):29-36.
[25]李廷亮，李顺，谢英荷，等.不同施肥措施对晋南旱塬麦田土壤碳氮变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2018, 37(11):43-49.
[26]段建南.黄土高原土壤变化及其过程模拟[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社，2001:103-110.
[27]王润莲，张志栋，刘景辉，等.施肥对免耕旱作燕麦田土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].灌溉排水学报，2016, 35(12):55-59.
[28] FEIKE Dijkstra, SARAH Hobbie, PETER Reich, et al. Divergent effects of elevated CO2, N fertilization, and plant diversity on soil C and N dynamics in a grassland field experiment[J]. Plant Soil, 2005, 272(1/2):41-52.