绿道对不同接近度使用者体力活动影响研究——以广州市滨江绿道为例
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摘要
城市绿道是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,是支撑居民户外体力活动的重要空间载体,与居民的健康息息相关。其接近度被认为与居民体力活动水平有直接关系,靠近绿道等绿色空间居住的居民参与体力活动的积极性更高。本文以广州市一条典型滨江城市绿道为例,对比了不同接近度下(家到绿道距离)低、中、高强度体力行为的活动水平,探讨了绿道接近度对使用者体力水平的影响。研究发现,接近度对低强度的散步行为影响显著,靠近绿道的使用者散步的水平要高于较远者;而对中、高强度的体力行为,接近度影响的显著性不明显。整体上,虽然结果没有充分表明距离绿道较近使用者的体力活动水平比较远者高,但证明了绿道建设对增加居民户外活动有显著的促进作用,且越靠近绿道的居民受影响越大。
Urban greenway is an important part of the urban green space system, as well as an important space carrier to support residents' outdoor physical activities, which is closely related to residents' health. Residents living closer to the green open space are more active in participating in physical activities. Taking a typical waterfront greenway in Guangzhou City as an example, this paper compares the levels of low-, moderate-, and high-intensity physical activities of users with different proximity degrees(i.e., distance between home and greenway) and discusses the influence of greenway proximity on users' physical strength. It is found that the degree of proximity has a significant effect on the low-intensity walking behavior, and the level of walking of residents who live closer to the greenway is higher than that of other residents.At the same time, the degree of proximity has no significant influence on the moderate-and highintensity physical behaviors. In general, although the result does not adequately show that the level of physical activities of users closer to the greenway is higher than that of other users, it proves that the construction of greenways has a significant effect on the promotion of residents' outdoor activities, and that the closer the residents live, the greater the effect is.
Urban greenway is an important part of the urban green space system, as well as an important space carrier to support residents' outdoor physical activities, which is closely related to residents' health. Residents living closer to the green open space are more active in participating in physical activities. Taking a typical waterfront greenway in Guangzhou City as an example, this paper compares the levels of low-, moderate-, and high-intensity physical activities of users with different proximity degrees(i.e., distance between home and greenway) and discusses the influence of greenway proximity on users' physical strength. It is found that the degree of proximity has a significant effect on the low-intensity walking behavior, and the level of walking of residents who live closer to the greenway is higher than that of other residents.At the same time, the degree of proximity has no significant influence on the moderate-and highintensity physical behaviors. In general, although the result does not adequately show that the level of physical activities of users closer to the greenway is higher than that of other users, it proves that the construction of greenways has a significant effect on the promotion of residents' outdoor activities, and that the closer the residents live, the greater the effect is.
引文
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3萧明.“积极设计”营造康体城市--支持健康生活方式的城市规划设计新视角[J].国际城市规划，2016,31(5):80-88.XIAO Ming.Building an Active City with Active Design:A New Perspective of Urban Planning and Design Supporting Healthy Living[J].Urban Planning International,2016,31(5):80-88.
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6 LINEHAN J,GROSS M,FINN J.Greenway Planning:Developing a Landscape Ecological Network Approach[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,1995,33(1/3):179-193.
7 SHAFER C S,LEE B K,TURNER S.A Tale of Three Greenway Trails:User Perceptions Related to Quality of Life[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2000,49(3/4):163-178.
8 FABOS J G.Introduction and Overview:The Greenway Movement,Uses and Potentials of Greenways[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,1995,33(1/3):1-13.
9 GILES-CORTI B,BULSARA M.The Relationship Between Destination Proximity,Destination Mix and Physical Activity Behaviors[J].Preventive Medicine,2008,46(1):33-40.
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11 MOWEN A,ORSEGA-SMITH E,PAYNE L,et al.The Role of Park Proximity and Social Support in Shaping Park Visitation,Physical Activity,and Perceived Health among Older Adults[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2007,4(2):167-79.
12 GILESCORTI B,BROOMHALL M H,KNUIMAN M,et al.Increasing Walking:How Important is Distance to,Attractiveness,and Size of Public Open Space?[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2005,28(2 Suppl2):169-76.
13 JACKSON L E.The Relationship of Urban Design to Human Health and Condition[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2003,64(4):191-200.
14张莹.城市体质健康型人居环境建设研究[D].上海：东华大学，2011.ZHANG Ying.Urban Physical Activity and Health Related Human Environment Constructiony[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2011.
15吴薇，何晓龙，陈佩杰.美国“积极生活研究”计划解读及启示[J].体育学刊，2014(6):44-48.WU Wei,HE Xiaolong,CHEN Peijie.An Interpretation of and Inspirations from the“Active Life Research”Program Recommended by the United States[J].Journal of Physical Education,2014(6):44-48.
16刘滨谊，郭璁.通过设计促进健康--美国“设计下的积极生活”计划简介及启示[J].国外城市规划，2006,21(2):60-65.LIU Binyi,GUO Cong.Promoting Health Through Design:A Brief Introduction of“Active Living by Design”,an American National Program[J].Urban Planning International,2006,21(2):60-65.
17 HENDERSON A T K K A.Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity:A Review of Evidence About Parks and Recreation[J].Leisure Sciences,2007,29(4):315-354.
18 KEVIN J.KRIZEK,PAMELA J J.Proximity to Trails and Retail:Effects on Urban Cycling and Walking[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2006,72(1):33-42.
19 MOWEN A,ORSEGASMITH E,PAYNE L,et al.The Role of Park Proximity and Social Support in Shaping Park Visitation,Physical Activity,and Perceived Health Among Older Adults[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2007,4(2):167-79.
20 EWING R.Can the Physical Environment Determine Physical Activity Levels?[J].Exercise&Sport Sciences Reviews,2005,33(2):69-75.
21 LINDSEY G.Access,Equity,and Urban Greenways:An Exploratory Investigation[J].Professional Geographer,2001,53(3):332-346.
22 GOBSTER P H.Perception and Use of a Metropolitan Greenway System for Recreation[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,1995,33(1):401-413.
23 FURUSETH O J,ALTMAN R E.Who’s on the Greenway:Socioeconomic,Demographic,and Locational Characteristics of Greenway Users[J].Environmental Management,1991,15(3):329-336.
24 SCHIPPERIJN J,BENTSEN P,TROELSEN J,et al.Associations Between Physical Activity and Characteristics of Urban Green Space[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2013,12(1):109-116.
25 NIKOLAOS S,LUCHSINGER J A,BRICKMAN A M,et al.Physical Activity and Alzheimer Disease Course[J].American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry,2011,19(5):471-481.
26 WEST S T,SHORES K A.The Impacts of Building a Greenway on Proximate Residents’Physical Activity[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2011,8(8).
27 DAVIS C R.Physical Activity and Greenway Usage Among Proximate and Non-Proximate Residents[M].UMI,2011.
28 KACZYNSKI A T,POTWARKA L R,SAELENS B E.Association of Park Size,Distance,and Features with Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks[J].American Journal of Public Health,2008,98(8):1451-1456.
29 KACZYNSKI A T,POTWARKA L R,SMALE B J A,et al.Association of Parkland Proximity with Neighborhood and Park-Based Physical Activity:Variations by Gender and Age[J].Leisure Sciences,2009,31(2):174-191.
30鲁斐栋，谭少华.建成环境对体力活动的影响研究:进展与思考[J].国际城市规划，2015,30(2):62-70.LU Feidong,TAN Shaohua.Built Environment’s Influence on Physical Activity:Review and Thought[J].Urban Planning International,2015,30(2):62-70.
31咸宇鹏.城市公园绿地中体育休闲空间的设计与营造[D].北京：北京林业大学，2010.XIAN Yupeng.Design and Construction of Physical Recreation Space in Urban Parks[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2010.
2马明，蔡镇钰.健康视角下城市绿色开放空间研究-健康效用及设计应对[J].中国园林，2016(11):66-70.MA Ming,CAI Zhenyu.Research on Health and Urban Green Open Space:Health Benefits and Design Strategy[J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2016(11):66-70.
3萧明.“积极设计”营造康体城市--支持健康生活方式的城市规划设计新视角[J].国际城市规划，2016,31(5):80-88.XIAO Ming.Building an Active City with Active Design:A New Perspective of Urban Planning and Design Supporting Healthy Living[J].Urban Planning International,2016,31(5):80-88.
4李华.城市生态游憩空间服务功能评价与优化对策[J].城市规划，2015,39(8):63-69.LI Hua.Evaluation and Optimization Countermeasures for Service Functions of Urban Ecological Recreation Space[J].City Planning Review,2015,39(8):63-69.
5刘广宁.基于宜居建设的城市游憩绿道研究[D].南京：南京林业大学，2013.LIU Guangning.The Study of Urban Recreational Greenway Planning Based on the Construction of Livable Cities[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013.
6 LINEHAN J,GROSS M,FINN J.Greenway Planning:Developing a Landscape Ecological Network Approach[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,1995,33(1/3):179-193.
7 SHAFER C S,LEE B K,TURNER S.A Tale of Three Greenway Trails:User Perceptions Related to Quality of Life[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2000,49(3/4):163-178.
8 FABOS J G.Introduction and Overview:The Greenway Movement,Uses and Potentials of Greenways[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,1995,33(1/3):1-13.
9 GILES-CORTI B,BULSARA M.The Relationship Between Destination Proximity,Destination Mix and Physical Activity Behaviors[J].Preventive Medicine,2008,46(1):33-40.
10 ABILDSO L C.Built Environment and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Trail Proximity and Use[J].American Journal of Health Behavior,2007,31(4):374-83.
11 MOWEN A,ORSEGA-SMITH E,PAYNE L,et al.The Role of Park Proximity and Social Support in Shaping Park Visitation,Physical Activity,and Perceived Health among Older Adults[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2007,4(2):167-79.
12 GILESCORTI B,BROOMHALL M H,KNUIMAN M,et al.Increasing Walking:How Important is Distance to,Attractiveness,and Size of Public Open Space?[J].American Journal of Preventive Medicine,2005,28(2 Suppl2):169-76.
13 JACKSON L E.The Relationship of Urban Design to Human Health and Condition[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2003,64(4):191-200.
14张莹.城市体质健康型人居环境建设研究[D].上海：东华大学，2011.ZHANG Ying.Urban Physical Activity and Health Related Human Environment Constructiony[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2011.
15吴薇，何晓龙，陈佩杰.美国“积极生活研究”计划解读及启示[J].体育学刊，2014(6):44-48.WU Wei,HE Xiaolong,CHEN Peijie.An Interpretation of and Inspirations from the“Active Life Research”Program Recommended by the United States[J].Journal of Physical Education,2014(6):44-48.
16刘滨谊，郭璁.通过设计促进健康--美国“设计下的积极生活”计划简介及启示[J].国外城市规划，2006,21(2):60-65.LIU Binyi,GUO Cong.Promoting Health Through Design:A Brief Introduction of“Active Living by Design”,an American National Program[J].Urban Planning International,2006,21(2):60-65.
17 HENDERSON A T K K A.Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity:A Review of Evidence About Parks and Recreation[J].Leisure Sciences,2007,29(4):315-354.
18 KEVIN J.KRIZEK,PAMELA J J.Proximity to Trails and Retail:Effects on Urban Cycling and Walking[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2006,72(1):33-42.
19 MOWEN A,ORSEGASMITH E,PAYNE L,et al.The Role of Park Proximity and Social Support in Shaping Park Visitation,Physical Activity,and Perceived Health Among Older Adults[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2007,4(2):167-79.
20 EWING R.Can the Physical Environment Determine Physical Activity Levels?[J].Exercise&Sport Sciences Reviews,2005,33(2):69-75.
21 LINDSEY G.Access,Equity,and Urban Greenways:An Exploratory Investigation[J].Professional Geographer,2001,53(3):332-346.
22 GOBSTER P H.Perception and Use of a Metropolitan Greenway System for Recreation[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,1995,33(1):401-413.
23 FURUSETH O J,ALTMAN R E.Who’s on the Greenway:Socioeconomic,Demographic,and Locational Characteristics of Greenway Users[J].Environmental Management,1991,15(3):329-336.
24 SCHIPPERIJN J,BENTSEN P,TROELSEN J,et al.Associations Between Physical Activity and Characteristics of Urban Green Space[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2013,12(1):109-116.
25 NIKOLAOS S,LUCHSINGER J A,BRICKMAN A M,et al.Physical Activity and Alzheimer Disease Course[J].American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry,2011,19(5):471-481.
26 WEST S T,SHORES K A.The Impacts of Building a Greenway on Proximate Residents’Physical Activity[J].Journal of Physical Activity&Health,2011,8(8).
27 DAVIS C R.Physical Activity and Greenway Usage Among Proximate and Non-Proximate Residents[M].UMI,2011.
28 KACZYNSKI A T,POTWARKA L R,SAELENS B E.Association of Park Size,Distance,and Features with Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks[J].American Journal of Public Health,2008,98(8):1451-1456.
29 KACZYNSKI A T,POTWARKA L R,SMALE B J A,et al.Association of Parkland Proximity with Neighborhood and Park-Based Physical Activity:Variations by Gender and Age[J].Leisure Sciences,2009,31(2):174-191.
30鲁斐栋，谭少华.建成环境对体力活动的影响研究:进展与思考[J].国际城市规划，2015,30(2):62-70.LU Feidong,TAN Shaohua.Built Environment’s Influence on Physical Activity:Review and Thought[J].Urban Planning International,2015,30(2):62-70.
31咸宇鹏.城市公园绿地中体育休闲空间的设计与营造[D].北京：北京林业大学，2010.XIAN Yupeng.Design and Construction of Physical Recreation Space in Urban Parks[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2010.