喀斯特山地城市生态系统弹性变化分析——以贵阳市区为例
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摘要
生态系统弹性是衡量区域生态系统健康和承载力的重要指标。基于生态系统弹性强度系数和生态系统弹性限度系数构建了生态系统弹性力综合评价模型,并运用标准差距平法对计算结果进行分级,对贵阳市区2000、2005、2010和2015年的生态系统弹性时空演变进行定量研究。结果表明:(1)贵阳市区的生态系统弹性力分级占比较大的主要为较强、中等和较弱,占总面积的95%左右,其余为很弱和很强的区域,占比约5%;(2)贵阳市区的生态系统弹性力在2000～2015年大体呈波动减弱态势,其中弹性力分级为较弱和很弱的区域分别增长3.24%和1.12%,而较强的区域则减少2.60%;(3)但弹性力很强的地区面积增加0.83%,部分区域的生态系统弹性力有所增强。
Ecosystem resilience is an important index to measure the health of regional ecosystem.Based on the resilient force coefficient of ecosystem and the limit coefficient of ecosystem resilience, the comprehensive evaluation model of ecosystem resilience is constructed, and the calculation results are classified by the standard gap leveling method.and the spatio-temporal evolution of ecological system resilience in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 in Guiyang was quantitatively studied.The results showed that:(1) The resilience of the ecosystem in Guiyang City was mainly relatively-strong, medium and relatively-weak, accounting for about 95% of the total area, and the rest was very weak and strong, accounting for about 5%.(2) The resilience of the ecosystem in Guiyang City was weakened by fluctuation from 2000 to 2015, and the resilience was classified as weak and relatively-weak areas grew by 3.24% and 1.12% respectively, while the stronger areas decreased by 2.60%.(3) But the area with strong resilience increased by 0.83%, and the resilience of ecosystems in some areas increased.
Ecosystem resilience is an important index to measure the health of regional ecosystem.Based on the resilient force coefficient of ecosystem and the limit coefficient of ecosystem resilience, the comprehensive evaluation model of ecosystem resilience is constructed, and the calculation results are classified by the standard gap leveling method.and the spatio-temporal evolution of ecological system resilience in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 in Guiyang was quantitatively studied.The results showed that:(1) The resilience of the ecosystem in Guiyang City was mainly relatively-strong, medium and relatively-weak, accounting for about 95% of the total area, and the rest was very weak and strong, accounting for about 5%.(2) The resilience of the ecosystem in Guiyang City was weakened by fluctuation from 2000 to 2015, and the resilience was classified as weak and relatively-weak areas grew by 3.24% and 1.12% respectively, while the stronger areas decreased by 2.60%.(3) But the area with strong resilience increased by 0.83%, and the resilience of ecosystems in some areas increased.
引文
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[18] 赵强, 李秀梅, 谢嘉欣. 济南市生态弹性力评价研究[J]. 生态科学, 2015, 34(2):156-160.ZHAO Q, LI X M, XIE J X. Evaluation on city ecosystem resilience in Jinan City[J]. Ecological Science, 2015, 34(2):156-160.
[19] 廖柳文, 秦建新, 刘永强,等. 基于土地利用转型的湖南省生态弹性研究[J]. 经济地理, 2015, 35(9):16-23.LIAO L W, QIN J X, LIU Y Q, et al. Study on ecological elasticity of Hunan Province based on land use transition[J]. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(9):16-23.
[20] 高江波, 侯文娟, 赵东升,等. 基于遥感数据的西藏高原自然生态系统脆弱性评估[J]. 地理科学, 2016(4):580-587.GAO J B, HOU W J, ZHAO D S, et al. Comprehensive assessment of natural ecosystem vulnerability in Tibetan Plateau based on satellite-derived datasets[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016(4):580-587.
[21] 肖荣波, 欧阳志云, 王效科,等. 中国西南地区石漠化敏感性评价及其空间分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 1(5):551-554.XIAO R B, OUYANG Z Y, WANG X K, et al. Sensitivity of rocky desertification and its spatial distribution in southwestern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(5):551-554.
[22] 安宏锋, 安裕伦, 袁士聪,等. 贵州省石漠化敏感性的动态演变与模拟预测[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(13):388-395.AN H F, AN Y L, YUAN S C, et al. The dynamic change and simulation and prediction of sensitivity ofthe karst rocky desertification of Guizhou[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010, 26(13):388-395.
[23] 安宏锋, 徐浩, 安宁,等. 喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性综合评价——以贵州省黔中地区为例[J]. 环境影响评价, 2016, 38(4):51-56.AN H F, XU H, AN N, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of eco-environmental vulnerability in karst mountain areas: Central region of Guizhou Province as an example[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2016, 38(4):51-56.
[24] 安宏锋, 安裕伦, 李晗,等. 贵州省石漠化敏感性在不同地貌类型区的动态变化[J]. 贵州农业科学,2010, 38(11):159-164.AN H F, AN Y L, LI H, et al. Dynamic changes of rocky desertification sensitivity in different landform types in Guizhou.[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(11):159-164.
[25] 兰安军, 文锡梅, 吴保国. 栅格数据空间分析在喀斯特石漠化敏感性评价中的应用——以贵州省开阳县为例[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(2):827-830. LAN A J, WEN X M, WU B G. Application of Raster data spatial analysis in the sensitivity assessment of karst rocky desertification[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(2):827-830.
[26] 王仰麟, 赵一斌, 韩荡. 景观生态系统的空间结构:概念、指标与案例[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(3):235-241.WANG Y L, ZHAO Y B, HAN D. The spatial structure of landscape ecosystems: Concept, indices and case studies[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 1999, 14(3):235-241.
[2] WESTMAN W E. Measuring the inertia and resilience of ecosystems[J]. Bioscience, 1978, 28(11):705-710.
[3] DARLING E S, C?Té I M. Seeking resilience in marine ecosystems.[J]. Science, 2018, 359(6379):986-987.
[4] C?Té I M, DARLING E S. Rethinking ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change[J]. Plos Biology, 2010, 8(7):e1000438.
[5] WILLIS K J, JEFFERS E S, TOVAR C. What makes a terrestrial ecosystem resilient?[J]. Science, 2018, 359(6379):988-989.
[6] 刘晓平, 李鹏, 任宗萍,等. 榆林地区生态系统弹性力评价分析[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(22):7479-7491.LIU X P, LI P, REN Z P, et al. Evaluation of ecosystem resilience in Yulin,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016,36(22):7479-7491.
[7] 王文婕, 葛大兵, 周双,等. 平江县生态弹性度定量分析评价研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2015, 40(3):130-134.WANG W J, GE D B, ZHOU S, et al. Quantitative analysis on ecological resilience of Pingjiang County[J].Environmental Science & Management, 2015, 40(3):130-134.
[8] ANJOS L, DE P T. Measuring resilience and assessing vulnerability of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change in South America.[J]. Plos One, 2018, 13(3):e0194654.
[9] SHARMA A, GOYAL M K. Assessment of ecosystem resilience to hydroclimatic disturbances in India[J]. Global Change Biology, 2017, 24(2):432-441.
[10] 赵雪雁. 甘肃省生态承载力评价[J]. 干旱区研究, 2006, 23(3):506-512.ZHAO X Y. Evaluation on the ecological carrying capacity in Gansu Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2006, 23(3):506-512.
[11] 王云霞, 陆兆华. 北京市生态弹性力的评价[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2011, 39(2):97-100.WANG Y X, LU Z H. Evaluation on ecosystem resilience in Beijing City[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2011, 39(2):97-100.
[12] 邵紫阳, 张永福. 近25年干旱区土地利用变化对生态安全弹性恢复的影响——以温宿县为例[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2016, 55(21):5507-5512.SHAO Z Y, ZHANG Y F. Nearly 25 years of land use change effects on arid zone elastic recovery of ecological safety barriers:Taking Wensu County as an example[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 55(21):5507-5512.
[13] 徐长春. 于田绿洲景观格局及生态弹性度研究[D]. 新疆大学, 2004.XU C C. Study on landscape pattern and ecological resilience Yutian oasis[D]. Xinjiang University, 2004.
[14] 张宝秀, 熊黑钢, 徐长春. 新疆于田绿洲生态弹性度与景观环境分析[J]. 水土保持研究, 2008, 15(6):112-114.ZHANG B X, XIONG H G, XU C C. Study on ecological resilience and environment in Yutian Oasis,Xinjiang[J]. Research of Soil & Water Conservation, 2008, 15(6):112-114.
[15] 田茂, 张艳芳. 陕西关中地区生态弹性计量模型与测算[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2018,45(2):226-233.TIAN M, ZHANG Y F. An ecological elasticity measurement model and its calculation regarding Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition) 2018,45(2):226-233.
[16] 廖柳文, 秦建新. 城镇化进程中的区域生态弹性研究——以湖南省为例[C]中国土地资源开发整治与新型城镇化建设研究, 2015.LIAO L W, QIN J X. Study on regional ecological elasticity under rapid urbanization: A case study of Hunan Province[C]. Research on Land resources consolidation and New-type Urbanization Constraction in China, 2015.
[17] 彭翀, 袁敏航, 顾朝林,等. 区域弹性的理论与实践研究进展[J]. 城市规划学刊,2015(1):84-92.PENG C, YUAN M, CHAO L G , et al. Research progress on the theory and practice of regional resilience[J].Urban Planning Forum, 2015(1):84-92.
[18] 赵强, 李秀梅, 谢嘉欣. 济南市生态弹性力评价研究[J]. 生态科学, 2015, 34(2):156-160.ZHAO Q, LI X M, XIE J X. Evaluation on city ecosystem resilience in Jinan City[J]. Ecological Science, 2015, 34(2):156-160.
[19] 廖柳文, 秦建新, 刘永强,等. 基于土地利用转型的湖南省生态弹性研究[J]. 经济地理, 2015, 35(9):16-23.LIAO L W, QIN J X, LIU Y Q, et al. Study on ecological elasticity of Hunan Province based on land use transition[J]. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(9):16-23.
[20] 高江波, 侯文娟, 赵东升,等. 基于遥感数据的西藏高原自然生态系统脆弱性评估[J]. 地理科学, 2016(4):580-587.GAO J B, HOU W J, ZHAO D S, et al. Comprehensive assessment of natural ecosystem vulnerability in Tibetan Plateau based on satellite-derived datasets[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016(4):580-587.
[21] 肖荣波, 欧阳志云, 王效科,等. 中国西南地区石漠化敏感性评价及其空间分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 1(5):551-554.XIAO R B, OUYANG Z Y, WANG X K, et al. Sensitivity of rocky desertification and its spatial distribution in southwestern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(5):551-554.
[22] 安宏锋, 安裕伦, 袁士聪,等. 贵州省石漠化敏感性的动态演变与模拟预测[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(13):388-395.AN H F, AN Y L, YUAN S C, et al. The dynamic change and simulation and prediction of sensitivity ofthe karst rocky desertification of Guizhou[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010, 26(13):388-395.
[23] 安宏锋, 徐浩, 安宁,等. 喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性综合评价——以贵州省黔中地区为例[J]. 环境影响评价, 2016, 38(4):51-56.AN H F, XU H, AN N, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of eco-environmental vulnerability in karst mountain areas: Central region of Guizhou Province as an example[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2016, 38(4):51-56.
[24] 安宏锋, 安裕伦, 李晗,等. 贵州省石漠化敏感性在不同地貌类型区的动态变化[J]. 贵州农业科学,2010, 38(11):159-164.AN H F, AN Y L, LI H, et al. Dynamic changes of rocky desertification sensitivity in different landform types in Guizhou.[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(11):159-164.
[25] 兰安军, 文锡梅, 吴保国. 栅格数据空间分析在喀斯特石漠化敏感性评价中的应用——以贵州省开阳县为例[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(2):827-830. LAN A J, WEN X M, WU B G. Application of Raster data spatial analysis in the sensitivity assessment of karst rocky desertification[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 38(2):827-830.
[26] 王仰麟, 赵一斌, 韩荡. 景观生态系统的空间结构:概念、指标与案例[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(3):235-241.WANG Y L, ZHAO Y B, HAN D. The spatial structure of landscape ecosystems: Concept, indices and case studies[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 1999, 14(3):235-241.