不同海拔的三种杓兰属植物与菌根真菌群落组成相关性
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摘要
本研究采集了四川黄龙沟沿海拔梯度3170–3400m上4个不同杓兰居群中3种杓兰植物根,利用克隆文库方法获得菌根真菌ITS序列,研究同一栖息地(黄龙沟)不同海拔梯度和不同杓兰对菌根真菌多样性和群落结构的影响。共得到18个可操作分类单元(OTU),其中14个OTU隶属胶膜菌科Tulasnellaceae,为优势类群(99.6%);2个OTU隶属腊壳菌科Sebacinaceae,2个OTU隶属亡革菌科Thelephoraceae。随着海拔升高,西藏杓兰菌根真菌多样性减少,而黄花杓兰和无苞杓兰没有明显变化;海拔对3种杓兰菌根真菌群落结构均无显著影响。3种杓兰之间菌根真菌群落结构差异显著且指示物种互不相同,说明在同一栖息地,杓兰对菌根真菌的偏好性显著影响其菌根真菌群落结构。这些研究结果利于了解环境变化对杓兰属植物菌根真菌区系组成的影响,为进一步探索菌根真菌与杓兰属植物的互作机制奠定基础。
The roots of three Cypripedium species(C. tibeticum, C. flavum and C. bardolphianum) growing at different altitude(3 170–3 340 m) in Huanglong valley, Sichuan Province of China, were sampled.Culture-independent method was used to obtain orchid mycorrhizal fungal(OrMF) ITS sequences from the roots. The correlation between vertical distribution of three Cyprepedium species and mycorrhizal fungal community composition was investigated. A total of 18 different operational taxonomic units(OTU) were detected. Among them, 14 OTUs were assigned to family Tulasnellaceae composing dominant taxa(99.6%),two OUTs were affiliated in the family Sebacinaceae, and the others in Thelephoraceae. With the incease of altitude, the OrMF diversity of C. tibeticum decreased, while that of the other two Cypripedium species was unchanged. There were no significant differences in OrMF community composition between the three Cypripedium species at different altitude. Different Cypripedium species growing in the same habitat showed significant differences in OrMF community composition, and the dominant mycorrhizal OTUs were also different.
The roots of three Cypripedium species(C. tibeticum, C. flavum and C. bardolphianum) growing at different altitude(3 170–3 340 m) in Huanglong valley, Sichuan Province of China, were sampled.Culture-independent method was used to obtain orchid mycorrhizal fungal(OrMF) ITS sequences from the roots. The correlation between vertical distribution of three Cyprepedium species and mycorrhizal fungal community composition was investigated. A total of 18 different operational taxonomic units(OTU) were detected. Among them, 14 OTUs were assigned to family Tulasnellaceae composing dominant taxa(99.6%),two OUTs were affiliated in the family Sebacinaceae, and the others in Thelephoraceae. With the incease of altitude, the OrMF diversity of C. tibeticum decreased, while that of the other two Cypripedium species was unchanged. There were no significant differences in OrMF community composition between the three Cypripedium species at different altitude. Different Cypripedium species growing in the same habitat showed significant differences in OrMF community composition, and the dominant mycorrhizal OTUs were also different.
引文
Abadie JC,Puttsepp U,Gebauer G,Faccio A,Bonfante P,Selosse MA,2006.Cephalanthera longifolia(Neottieae,Orchidaceae)is mixotrophic:a comparative study between green and nonphotosynthetic individuals.Revue Canadienne de Botanique,84(9):1462-1477
Barrett C,Freudenstein J,Taylor D,Koljalg U,2010.Rangewide analysis of fungal associations in the fully mycoheterotrophic Corallorhiza striata complex(Orchidaceae)reveals extreme specificity on ectomycorrhizal Tomentella(Thelephoraceae)across North America.Amercian Journal of Botany,97(4):628-643
Chao A,Shen T,2003.Nonparametric estimation of Shannon’s index of diversity when there are unseen species in sample.Environmental and Ecological Statistics,10:429-443
Esposito F,Jacquemyn H,Waud M,Tyteca D,2016.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in two closely related Platanthera(Orchidaceae)species.PLoS One,11(10):1-14
Gaston KJ,2000.Global patterns in biodiversity.Nature,405:220-227
Girlanda M,Segreto R,Cafasso D,Liebel HT,Rodda M,Ercole E,Cozzolino S,Gebauer G,Perotto S,2011.Photosynthetic Mediterranean meadow orchids feature partial mycoheterotrophy and specific mycorrhizal associations.American Journal of Botany,98(7):1148-1163
Jacquemyn H,Brys R,Merckx VSFT,Waud M,Lievens B,Wiegand T,2014.Coexisting orchid species have distinct mycorrhizal communities and display strong spatial segregation.New Phytologist,202(2):616-627
Jacquemyn H,Honnay O,Cammue BPA,Brys R,Lievens B,2010.Low specificity and nested subset structure characterize mycorrhizal associations in five closely related species of the genus Orchis.Molecular Ecology,19(18):4086-4095
Jacquemyn H,Waud M,Merckx VSFT,Brys R,Tyteca D,Hedren M,Lievens B,2016.Habitat-driven variation in mycorrhizal communities in the terrestrial orchid genus Dactylorhiza.Scientific Reports,6:37182
Julou T,Burghardt B,Gebauer G,Berveiller D,Damesin C,Selosse MA,2005.Mixotrophy in orchids:insights from a comparative study of green individuals and nonphotosynthetic individuals of Cephalanthera damasonium.New Phytologist,166(2):639-653
Lang KY,2003.China’s Cypripedium.Science&Technology Review,21(1):26(in Chinese)
Liu M,Zhang R,2017.Vertical distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in the rhizosphere of Spiraea pubescens in Daqingshan Mountains,Inner Mongolia.Mycosystema,36(3):292-301
Liu T,Li CM,Han YL,Chiang TY,Chiang YC,Sung HM,2015.Highly diversified fungi are associated with the achlorophyllous orchid Gastrodia flavilabella.BMCGenomics,16:185
Ma M,Tan TK,Wong SM,2003.Identification and molecular phylogeny of Epulorhiza isolates from tropical orchids.Mycological Research,107:1041-1049
McCormick MK,Whigham DF,O’Neill J,2004.Mycorrhizal diversity in photosynthetic terrestrial orchids.New Phytologist,163:425-438
McCormick MK,Taylor DL,Juhaszova K,Burnett RK Jr,Whigham DF,O’Neill JP,2012.Limitations on orchid recruitment:not a simple picture.Molecular Ecology,21(6):1511-1523
McCormick MK,Taylor DL,Whigham DF,Burnett RK Jr,2016.Germination patterns in three terrestrial orchids relate to abundance of mycorrhizal fungi.Journal of Ecology,104(3):744-754
Otero JT,Ackerman JD,Bayman P,2002.Diversity and host specificity of endophytic Rhizoctonia-like fungi from tropical orchids.American Journal of Botany,89:1852-1858
Pandey M,Sharma J,Taylor DL,Yadon VL,2013.A narrowly endemic photosynthetic orchid is non-specific in its mycorrhizal associations.Molecular Ecology,22:2341-2354
Pellegrino G,Luca A,Bellusci F,2016.Relationships between orchid and fungal biodiversity:mycorrhizal preferences in Mediterranean orchids.Plant Biosystems,150:180-189
Phillips RD,Peakall R,Hutchinson MF,Linde CC,Xu T,Dixon KW,Hopper SD,2014.Specialized ecological interactions and plant species rarity:the role of pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi across multiple spatial scales.Biological Conservation,169:285-295
Segata N,Izard J,Waldron L,Gevers D,Miropolsky L,Garrett WS,Huttenhower C,2011.Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation.Genome Biology,12(6):R60
Selosse MA,Faccio A,Scappaticci G,Bonfante P,2004.Chlorophyllous and achlorophyllous specimens of Epipactis microphylla(Neottieae,Orchidaceae)are associated with ectomycorrhizal septomycetes,including truffles.Microbial Ecology,47(4):416-426
Selosse MA,Roy M,2009.Green plants that feed on fungi:facts and questions about mixotrophy.Trends in Plant Science,14:64-70
Shefferson RP,Weiss M,Kull T,Taylors DL,2005.High specificity generally characterizes mycorrhizal association in rare lady’s slipper orchids,genus Cypripedium.Molecular Ecology,14:613-626
Shefferson RP,Taylor DL,Weiss M,Garnica S,McCormick MK,Adams S,Gray HM,McFarland JW,Kull T,Tali K,Yukawa T,Kawahara T,Miyoshi K,Lee YI,2007.The evolutionary history of mycorrhizal specificity among lady’s slipper orchids.Evolution,61:1380-1390
Shimura H,Sadamoto M,Matsuura M,Kawahara T,Naito S,Koda Y,2009.Characterization of mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the threatened Cypripedium macranthos in a northern island of Japan:two phylogenetically distinct fungi associated with the orchid.Mycorrhiza,19(8):525-534
Smith SE,Read DJ,1997.Mycorrhizal symbiosis.2nd ed.Academic Press,San Diego,CA.349-375
Smith ZF,James EA,McLean CB,2010.Mycorrhizal specificity of Diuris fragrantissima(Orchidaceae)and persistence in a reintroduced population.Australian Journal of Botany,58(2):97-106
Suárez JP,Weiss M,Abele A,Garnica S,Oberwinkler F,Kottke I,2006.Diverse tulasnelloid fungi form mycorrhizas with epiphytic orchids in an Andean cloud forest.Mycological Research,110:1257-1270
Susan G,Woodward S,Taylor AFS,2015.Strong altitudinal partitioning in the distributions of ectomycorrhizal fungi along a short(300m)elevation gradient.New Phytologist,206(3):1145-1155
Tao G,Lui KD,2008.Whole rDNA analysis reveals novel and endophytic fungi in Bletilla ochracea(Orchidaceae).Fungal Diversity,33(12):101-122
Taylor DL,Bruns TD,1999.Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Pinus muricata forest:minimal overlap between the mature forest and resistant propagule communities.Molecular Ecology,8:1837-1850
Taylor DL,Bruns TD,Hodges SA,2004.Evidence for mycorrhizal races in a cheating orchid.Proceedings Biology Sciences,271(1534):35-43
Taylor DL,McCormick MK,2008.Internal transcribed spacer primers and sequences for improved characterization of basidiomycetous orchid mycorrhizas.New Phytologist,177:1020-1033
Waud M,Busschaert P,Lievens B,Jacquemyn H,2016a.Specificity and localised distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil may contribute to co-existence of orchid species.Fungal Ecology,20:155-165
Waud M,Wiegand T,Brys R,Lievens B,Jacquemyn H,2016b.Nonrandom seedling establishment corresponds with distance-dependent decline in mycorrhizal abundance in two terrestrial orchids.New Phytologist,211(1):255-264
Xing X,Gai X,Liu Q,Hart MM,Guo S,2015.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in a lithophytic and epiphytic orchid.Mycorrhiza,25(4):289-296
Xing X,Ma X,Deng Z,Chen J,Wu F,Guo S,2013.Specificity and preference of mycorrhizal associations in two species of the genus Dendrobium(Orchidaceae).Mycorrhiza,23:317-324
Xing X,Ma X,Men J,Chen Y,Guo S,2017.Phylogenetic constrains on mycorrhizal specificity in eight Dendrobium(Orchidaceae)species.Science China Life Sciences,60(5):536
Yuan L,Yang ZL,Li SY,Hu H,Huang JL,2010.Mycorrhizal specificity,preference,and plasticity of six slipper orchids from South Western China.Mycorrhiza,20:559-568
郎楷永,2003.中国的杓兰.科技导报,21(1):26
Barrett C,Freudenstein J,Taylor D,Koljalg U,2010.Rangewide analysis of fungal associations in the fully mycoheterotrophic Corallorhiza striata complex(Orchidaceae)reveals extreme specificity on ectomycorrhizal Tomentella(Thelephoraceae)across North America.Amercian Journal of Botany,97(4):628-643
Chao A,Shen T,2003.Nonparametric estimation of Shannon’s index of diversity when there are unseen species in sample.Environmental and Ecological Statistics,10:429-443
Esposito F,Jacquemyn H,Waud M,Tyteca D,2016.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in two closely related Platanthera(Orchidaceae)species.PLoS One,11(10):1-14
Gaston KJ,2000.Global patterns in biodiversity.Nature,405:220-227
Girlanda M,Segreto R,Cafasso D,Liebel HT,Rodda M,Ercole E,Cozzolino S,Gebauer G,Perotto S,2011.Photosynthetic Mediterranean meadow orchids feature partial mycoheterotrophy and specific mycorrhizal associations.American Journal of Botany,98(7):1148-1163
Jacquemyn H,Brys R,Merckx VSFT,Waud M,Lievens B,Wiegand T,2014.Coexisting orchid species have distinct mycorrhizal communities and display strong spatial segregation.New Phytologist,202(2):616-627
Jacquemyn H,Honnay O,Cammue BPA,Brys R,Lievens B,2010.Low specificity and nested subset structure characterize mycorrhizal associations in five closely related species of the genus Orchis.Molecular Ecology,19(18):4086-4095
Jacquemyn H,Waud M,Merckx VSFT,Brys R,Tyteca D,Hedren M,Lievens B,2016.Habitat-driven variation in mycorrhizal communities in the terrestrial orchid genus Dactylorhiza.Scientific Reports,6:37182
Julou T,Burghardt B,Gebauer G,Berveiller D,Damesin C,Selosse MA,2005.Mixotrophy in orchids:insights from a comparative study of green individuals and nonphotosynthetic individuals of Cephalanthera damasonium.New Phytologist,166(2):639-653
Lang KY,2003.China’s Cypripedium.Science&Technology Review,21(1):26(in Chinese)
Liu M,Zhang R,2017.Vertical distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in the rhizosphere of Spiraea pubescens in Daqingshan Mountains,Inner Mongolia.Mycosystema,36(3):292-301
Liu T,Li CM,Han YL,Chiang TY,Chiang YC,Sung HM,2015.Highly diversified fungi are associated with the achlorophyllous orchid Gastrodia flavilabella.BMCGenomics,16:185
Ma M,Tan TK,Wong SM,2003.Identification and molecular phylogeny of Epulorhiza isolates from tropical orchids.Mycological Research,107:1041-1049
McCormick MK,Whigham DF,O’Neill J,2004.Mycorrhizal diversity in photosynthetic terrestrial orchids.New Phytologist,163:425-438
McCormick MK,Taylor DL,Juhaszova K,Burnett RK Jr,Whigham DF,O’Neill JP,2012.Limitations on orchid recruitment:not a simple picture.Molecular Ecology,21(6):1511-1523
McCormick MK,Taylor DL,Whigham DF,Burnett RK Jr,2016.Germination patterns in three terrestrial orchids relate to abundance of mycorrhizal fungi.Journal of Ecology,104(3):744-754
Otero JT,Ackerman JD,Bayman P,2002.Diversity and host specificity of endophytic Rhizoctonia-like fungi from tropical orchids.American Journal of Botany,89:1852-1858
Pandey M,Sharma J,Taylor DL,Yadon VL,2013.A narrowly endemic photosynthetic orchid is non-specific in its mycorrhizal associations.Molecular Ecology,22:2341-2354
Pellegrino G,Luca A,Bellusci F,2016.Relationships between orchid and fungal biodiversity:mycorrhizal preferences in Mediterranean orchids.Plant Biosystems,150:180-189
Phillips RD,Peakall R,Hutchinson MF,Linde CC,Xu T,Dixon KW,Hopper SD,2014.Specialized ecological interactions and plant species rarity:the role of pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi across multiple spatial scales.Biological Conservation,169:285-295
Segata N,Izard J,Waldron L,Gevers D,Miropolsky L,Garrett WS,Huttenhower C,2011.Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation.Genome Biology,12(6):R60
Selosse MA,Faccio A,Scappaticci G,Bonfante P,2004.Chlorophyllous and achlorophyllous specimens of Epipactis microphylla(Neottieae,Orchidaceae)are associated with ectomycorrhizal septomycetes,including truffles.Microbial Ecology,47(4):416-426
Selosse MA,Roy M,2009.Green plants that feed on fungi:facts and questions about mixotrophy.Trends in Plant Science,14:64-70
Shefferson RP,Weiss M,Kull T,Taylors DL,2005.High specificity generally characterizes mycorrhizal association in rare lady’s slipper orchids,genus Cypripedium.Molecular Ecology,14:613-626
Shefferson RP,Taylor DL,Weiss M,Garnica S,McCormick MK,Adams S,Gray HM,McFarland JW,Kull T,Tali K,Yukawa T,Kawahara T,Miyoshi K,Lee YI,2007.The evolutionary history of mycorrhizal specificity among lady’s slipper orchids.Evolution,61:1380-1390
Shimura H,Sadamoto M,Matsuura M,Kawahara T,Naito S,Koda Y,2009.Characterization of mycorrhizal fungi isolated from the threatened Cypripedium macranthos in a northern island of Japan:two phylogenetically distinct fungi associated with the orchid.Mycorrhiza,19(8):525-534
Smith SE,Read DJ,1997.Mycorrhizal symbiosis.2nd ed.Academic Press,San Diego,CA.349-375
Smith ZF,James EA,McLean CB,2010.Mycorrhizal specificity of Diuris fragrantissima(Orchidaceae)and persistence in a reintroduced population.Australian Journal of Botany,58(2):97-106
Suárez JP,Weiss M,Abele A,Garnica S,Oberwinkler F,Kottke I,2006.Diverse tulasnelloid fungi form mycorrhizas with epiphytic orchids in an Andean cloud forest.Mycological Research,110:1257-1270
Susan G,Woodward S,Taylor AFS,2015.Strong altitudinal partitioning in the distributions of ectomycorrhizal fungi along a short(300m)elevation gradient.New Phytologist,206(3):1145-1155
Tao G,Lui KD,2008.Whole rDNA analysis reveals novel and endophytic fungi in Bletilla ochracea(Orchidaceae).Fungal Diversity,33(12):101-122
Taylor DL,Bruns TD,1999.Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Pinus muricata forest:minimal overlap between the mature forest and resistant propagule communities.Molecular Ecology,8:1837-1850
Taylor DL,Bruns TD,Hodges SA,2004.Evidence for mycorrhizal races in a cheating orchid.Proceedings Biology Sciences,271(1534):35-43
Taylor DL,McCormick MK,2008.Internal transcribed spacer primers and sequences for improved characterization of basidiomycetous orchid mycorrhizas.New Phytologist,177:1020-1033
Waud M,Busschaert P,Lievens B,Jacquemyn H,2016a.Specificity and localised distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil may contribute to co-existence of orchid species.Fungal Ecology,20:155-165
Waud M,Wiegand T,Brys R,Lievens B,Jacquemyn H,2016b.Nonrandom seedling establishment corresponds with distance-dependent decline in mycorrhizal abundance in two terrestrial orchids.New Phytologist,211(1):255-264
Xing X,Gai X,Liu Q,Hart MM,Guo S,2015.Mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in a lithophytic and epiphytic orchid.Mycorrhiza,25(4):289-296
Xing X,Ma X,Deng Z,Chen J,Wu F,Guo S,2013.Specificity and preference of mycorrhizal associations in two species of the genus Dendrobium(Orchidaceae).Mycorrhiza,23:317-324
Xing X,Ma X,Men J,Chen Y,Guo S,2017.Phylogenetic constrains on mycorrhizal specificity in eight Dendrobium(Orchidaceae)species.Science China Life Sciences,60(5):536
Yuan L,Yang ZL,Li SY,Hu H,Huang JL,2010.Mycorrhizal specificity,preference,and plasticity of six slipper orchids from South Western China.Mycorrhiza,20:559-568
郎楷永,2003.中国的杓兰.科技导报,21(1):26