固定化Acinetobacter sp. T1细菌处理河道氨氮污染的研究
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摘要
利用吸附固定在无机载体上的高效脱氮细菌Acinetobacter sp. T1去除城市河道及底泥中的氨氮。从沸石、活性炭和硅藻土中选出最佳固定载体,优化固定过程中的环境条件,并进行去除氨氮的模拟实验。结果表明:硅藻土因其具有较大的比表面积、较高的Zeta电位,能固定更多的细菌,因而以硅藻土为载体制备的固定化细菌具有更高的氨氮去除率。同时,细菌T1在温度为35℃、pH值为8、摇床转速为90 r·min~(-1)、固定时间为24 h的条件下,在硅藻土上固定化效果最佳。在去除氨氮的模拟实验中,曝气辅助固定化细菌组对水体及底泥中氨氮去除效果最佳,反应16 d水体COD、NH_4~+-N和TN浓度分别减少75.98%、99.32%和89.36%,底泥TOC和TN含量分别减少54.56%和44.84%,底泥体积减少14.93%。
Ammonia removal in urban polluted water and sediments was achieved by immobilized high-efficiency nitrogen-removing bacteria strain Acinetobacter sp. T1 using inorganic carrier materials. Zeolite, activated carbon and diatomite were compared so as to find the best carrier material. The preferred environmental conditions(temperature, pH, rotation speed, fixation time) for immobilizing bacteria T1 were studied and the performance of the immobilized bacteria under optimal condition for ammonia removal were tested by batch scale simulation experiments. Results show that due to its large specific surface area and high zeta potential, more bacteria were fixed onto diatomite. The immobilized bacteria using diatomite as carrier showed higher ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency. The optimal conditions for the immobilization of bacterial T1 were as follows: temperature of 35 ℃, pH of 8, shaking speed of 90 r·min~(-1) and fixation time of 24 h. Aeration-assisted immobilized bacteria experiment group showed highest ammonia removal efficiency during the simulation experiments. After 16 days of reaction, the COD, NH_4~+-N and TN concentrations in water decreased by 75.98%, 99.32% and 89.36%, respectively. The sediment TOC and TN contents decreased by 54.56% and 44.84%, respectively, and the sediment volume decreased by 14.93%.
Ammonia removal in urban polluted water and sediments was achieved by immobilized high-efficiency nitrogen-removing bacteria strain Acinetobacter sp. T1 using inorganic carrier materials. Zeolite, activated carbon and diatomite were compared so as to find the best carrier material. The preferred environmental conditions(temperature, pH, rotation speed, fixation time) for immobilizing bacteria T1 were studied and the performance of the immobilized bacteria under optimal condition for ammonia removal were tested by batch scale simulation experiments. Results show that due to its large specific surface area and high zeta potential, more bacteria were fixed onto diatomite. The immobilized bacteria using diatomite as carrier showed higher ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency. The optimal conditions for the immobilization of bacterial T1 were as follows: temperature of 35 ℃, pH of 8, shaking speed of 90 r·min~(-1) and fixation time of 24 h. Aeration-assisted immobilized bacteria experiment group showed highest ammonia removal efficiency during the simulation experiments. After 16 days of reaction, the COD, NH_4~+-N and TN concentrations in water decreased by 75.98%, 99.32% and 89.36%, respectively. The sediment TOC and TN contents decreased by 54.56% and 44.84%, respectively, and the sediment volume decreased by 14.93%.
引文
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[3] 姚晓丽.微生物技术治理纳污塘及改善河道水质的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.[YAO Xiao-li.Treating Pollutants-Receiving Ponds and Improving Water Quality in Rivers by Microbial Technology[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2006.]
[4] DING A Z,ZHANG Z H,FU J M,et al.Biological Control of Leachate From Municipal Landfills[J].Chemosphere,2001,44(1):1-8.
[5] AOYAGI R,SATO R,TERADA A,et al.Novel Composite Gel Beads for the Immobilization of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria:Fabrication,Characterization,and Biokinetic Analysis[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,342:260-265.
[6] 吴光前,刘倩灵,周培国,等.固定化微生物技术净化黑臭水体和底泥技术[J].水处理技术,2008,34(6):26-29.[WU Guang-qian,LIU Qian-ling,ZHOU Pei-guo,et al.Remediation of Polluted Water and Sediment by Using Immobilized Microorganism Technology[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2008,34(6):26-29.]
[7] LI C N,YANG J S,WANG X,et al.Removal of Nitrogen by Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification of a Phosphate Accumulating Bacterium Pseudomonas Stutzeri YG-24[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,182:18-25.
[8] 杜勇.生物炭固定化微生物去除水中苯酚的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.[DU Yong.Study of Biochar Immobilized Bacteria and Its Phenol Removal[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2012.]
[9] 何延青,刘俊良,杨平,等.微生物固定化技术与载体结构的研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(增刊1):101-104.[HE Yan-qing,LIU Jun-liang,YANG Ping,et al.Immobilization Technology and Construction of Carrier[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(Suppl.1):101-104.]
[10] 于鑫,张晓键,王占生.饮用水生物处理中生物量的脂磷法测定[J].给水排水,2002,38(5):1-5.[YU Xin,ZHANG Xiao-jian,WANG Zhan-sheng.Biomass Examination by Lipid-P Method for Drinking Water Bio-Treatment[J].Water & Wastewater Engineering,2002,38(5):1-5.]
[11] 李方舟,张琼,彭永臻.低DO硝化耦合内碳源反硝化脱氮处理生活污水[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(4):1525-1532.[LI Fang-zhou,ZHANG Qiong,PENG Yong-zhen.Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by Low DO Nitrification Coupled With Endogenous Denitrification System[J].China Environmental Science,2019,39(4):1525-1532.]
[12] 瞿艳芝,刘操,廖日红,等.固定化微生物技术处理城市微污染河水研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(11):3306-3310.[QU Yan-zhi,LIU Cao,LIAO Ri-hong,et al.Treatment of Micro-Polluted River Water by Immobilized Microorganism Technique[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(11):3306-3310.]
[13] 杜聪,冯胜,张毅敏,等.微生物菌剂对黑臭水体水质改善及生物多样性修复效果研究[J].环境工程,2018,36(8):1-7.[DU Cong,FENG Sheng,ZHANG Yi-min,et al.Study on the Improvement of Water Quality and Biological Diversity of Black and Odorous Water by Microbial Inoculants[J].Environmental Engineering,2018,36(8):1-7.]
[14] DATTA S,CHRISTENA L R,RAJARAM Y R S.Enzyme Immobilization:An Overview on Techniques and Support Materials[J].Biotech,2013,3(1):1-9.
[15] DI BONAVENTURA G,PICCOLOMINI R,PALUDI D,et al.Influence of Temperature on Biofilm Formation by Listeria Monocytogenes on Various Food-Contact Surfaces:Relationship With Motility and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2008,104(6):1552-1561.