石羊河流域草地覆盖与其生态服务功能变化
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摘要
草地生态系统容易受到环境变化影响,研究草地覆盖及其生态服务功能变化具有较重要的意义。本研究以石羊河流域为研究区,基于遥感数据和InVEST模型,定量估算了2000年以来草地覆盖变化以及产水量、土壤保持、固碳等服务功能,并探讨了草地覆盖变化对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明,2000–2015年间,石羊河流域草地覆盖面积明显减小;草地产水量呈先减少后增加趋势,土壤保持与固碳服务呈减少趋势;除草地覆盖与流域中游产水量无显著相关关系(P> 0.05),与下游土壤保持呈显著(P<0.001)负相关关系外,与其余不同尺度不同生态系统服务间均呈显著(P<0.001)正相关关系;石羊河流域上游草地植被显著减小,引起草地生态系统服务能力下降;改善上游的草地生态系统质量对于提高全流域草地生态系统服务具有重要意义。
Grassland ecosystem is susceptible to environmental change,it is of great significance to study the changes of grassland cover and ecosystem service function.Based on the remote sensing data and InVEST model,we taken the Shiyang River basin as the research area in this paper,and quantitatively estimated the service functions of grassland cover change,water yield,soil conservation and carbon sequestration service since 2000,and discussed the effects of grassland cover change on ecosystem service.The research results showed that the degradation of grassland cover in the Shiyang River basin was obvious during 2000–2015;the water yield of grassland was decreased first and then increased,and the service of soil conservation and carbon sequestration were decreased.There was a significant negative correlation between grassland coverage and water yield in the middle reaches of the river basin,and a negative(P<0.001) correlation with the downstream soil retention while there was a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation between the grassland coverage and other ecosystem services;the obvious vegetation degradation in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River basin gave rise to the decline of grassland ecosystem service capacity,so improve the quality of grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches have a great significance to advance the ecosystem service of the whole watershed.
Grassland ecosystem is susceptible to environmental change,it is of great significance to study the changes of grassland cover and ecosystem service function.Based on the remote sensing data and InVEST model,we taken the Shiyang River basin as the research area in this paper,and quantitatively estimated the service functions of grassland cover change,water yield,soil conservation and carbon sequestration service since 2000,and discussed the effects of grassland cover change on ecosystem service.The research results showed that the degradation of grassland cover in the Shiyang River basin was obvious during 2000–2015;the water yield of grassland was decreased first and then increased,and the service of soil conservation and carbon sequestration were decreased.There was a significant negative correlation between grassland coverage and water yield in the middle reaches of the river basin,and a negative(P<0.001) correlation with the downstream soil retention while there was a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation between the grassland coverage and other ecosystem services;the obvious vegetation degradation in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River basin gave rise to the decline of grassland ecosystem service capacity,so improve the quality of grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches have a great significance to advance the ecosystem service of the whole watershed.
引文
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[3]李令,贺慧丹,未亚西,杨永胜,罗谨,李红琴,李英年,周华坤.三江源农牧交错区植被群落及土壤固碳持水能力对退耕还草措施的响应.草业科学,2017,34(10):1999-2008.LI L,HE H D,WEI Y X,YANG Y S,LUO J,LI H Q,LI Y N,ZHOU H K.Response of vegetation community structure,soil carbon sequestration,and water-holding capacity in returning farmland to grassland plots,in the agro-pastoral transitional zone in the Three River Source Region.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):1999-2008.
[4]SHACKELFORD N,HOBBS R J,BURGAR J M,ERICKSON J B,LALIBERTéE,RAMALHO C E,PERRING M P,STANDISH R J.Primed for change:Developing ecological restoration for the 21st Century.Restoration Ecology,2013,21(3):297.
[5]傅伯杰,周国逸,白永飞,宋长春,刘纪远,张惠远,吕河,郑华,谢高地.中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全.地球科学进展,2009,24(6):571-576.FU B J,ZHOU G Y,BAI Y F,SONG C C,LIU J Y,ZHANG H Y,LYU H,ZHENG H,XIE G D.The main terrestrial ecosystem services and ecological security in China.Advances In Earth Science,2009,24(6):571-576.
[6]JIANG W G,YUAN L H,WANG W J,CAO R,ZHANG Y F,SHEN W M.Spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation variation in the Yellow River Basin.Ecological Indicators,2015,51:117-126.
[7]LYU Y H,FU B J,FENG X M,ZENG Y,LIU Y,CHANG R Y,SUN G,WU B F.A policy-driven large scale ecological restoration:Quantifying ecosystem services changes in the Loess Plateau of China.Plos One,2012,7(2):e31782.
[8]ZHONG B X,LI S R,LU X X.Soil erosion control and sediment load reduction in the loess plateau:Policy perspectives.International Journal of Water Resources Development,2012,28(2):325-341.
[9]张颖,章超斌,王钊齐,杨悦,李建龙.三江源1982-2012年草地植被覆盖度动态及其对气候变化的响应.草业科学,2017,34(10):1977-1990.ZHANG Y,ZHANG C B,WANG Z Q,YANG Y,LI J L.Spatiotemporal dynamics of grassland coverage in response to climate change from 1982 to 2012 in the Three River Source Region,China.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):1977-1990.
[10]张琨,吕一河,傅伯杰.黄土高原典型区植被恢复及其对生态系统服务的影响.生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):23-31.ZHANG K,LYU Y H,FU B J.Vegetation restoration and its influences on ecosystem services in areas typical of the loess plateau.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(1):23-31.
[11]PENMAN H L.Natural evaporation from open water,bare soil and grass.Proceedings of the Royal Society,1948,193:120-145.
[12]GUPTA S C,LARSON W E.Estimating soil water retention characteristics from particle size distribution,organic matter percent,and bulk density.Water Resources Research,1979,15(6):1633-1635.
[13]ALLEN-WARDELL G,BERNHARDT P,BITNER R,BURQUEZ A,BUCHMANN S,CANE J,COX P A,DALTON V,FEINSINGER P,INGRAM M.The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields.Conservation Biology,1998,12(1):8-17.
[14]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究.水土保持通报,1996(5):1-20.WANG W Z,JIAO J Y.Qutantitative evaluation on factors influencing soil erosion in China.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1996(5):1-20.
[15]蔡崇法,丁树文.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究.水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.CAI Z F,DING S W.Study of applying USLE and geographical information system IDRISI to predict soil erosion in small watershed.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,14(2):19-24.
[16]郑度,姚檀栋.青藏高原隆升与环境效应.科学出版社,2004.ZHENG D,YAO T D.The uplifting and environmental effectivity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Science Press,2004.
[17]WILLIAMS J R,RENARD K G,DYKE P T.EPIC-A new method for assessing erosion's effect on soil productivity.Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1983,38(5):381-383.
[18]张科利,彭文英,杨红丽.中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算.土壤学报,2007,44(1):7-13.ZHANG K L,PENG W Y,YANG H L.Soil erodibility and its estimation for agricultural soil in China.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(1):7-13.
[19]穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,刚成诚,周伟,居为民.2001-2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征.地理学报,2012,67(9):1255-1268.MU S J,LI J L,CHEN Y Z,GANG C C,ZHOU W,JU W M.Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255-1268.
[20]李海亮.基于MODIS数据的石羊河流域植被覆盖时空变化研究.兰州:西北师范大学博士学位论文,2009.LI H L.Study on the temporal-spatial changes of vegetation cover in shiyang river basin based on MODIS data.PhD Thesis.Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2009.
[21]吴健,李英花,黄利亚,卢正茂,于大炮,周莉,代力民.东北地区产水量时空分布格局及其驱动因素.生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3216-3223.WU J,LI Y H,HUANG L Y,LU Z M,YU D P,ZHOU L,DAI L M.Spatiotemporal variation of water yield and its driving factors in Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(11):3216-3223.
[22]闫俊杰,黄辉,崔东,刘海军,陈晨,夏倩倩.新疆伊犁河谷草地退化及其对生态服务价值的影响.生态经济,2018,34(1):191-196.YAN J J,HUANG H,CUI D,LIU H J,CHEN C,XIA Q Q.The degradation of grassland and its impact on ecological service value in Ili river valley of Xinjiang.Ecological Economy,2018,34(1):191-196.
[23]RENARD D,RHEMTULLA J M,BENNETT E M.Historical dynamics in ecosystem service bundles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(43):13411.
[24]WU J X,YAN Z,YU C Q,LUO L M,PAN Y.Land management influences trade-offs and the total supply of ecosystem services in alpine grassland in Tibet,China.Journal of Environmental Management,2017,193:70-78.
[2]刘兴元,陈全功,王永宁.甘南草地退化对生态安全与经济发展的影响.草业科学,2006,23(12):39-42.LIU X Y,CHEN Q G,WANG Y N.Effects of grassland degradation on ecological security and economic development in Gannan.Pratacultural Science,2006,23(12):39-42.
[3]李令,贺慧丹,未亚西,杨永胜,罗谨,李红琴,李英年,周华坤.三江源农牧交错区植被群落及土壤固碳持水能力对退耕还草措施的响应.草业科学,2017,34(10):1999-2008.LI L,HE H D,WEI Y X,YANG Y S,LUO J,LI H Q,LI Y N,ZHOU H K.Response of vegetation community structure,soil carbon sequestration,and water-holding capacity in returning farmland to grassland plots,in the agro-pastoral transitional zone in the Three River Source Region.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):1999-2008.
[4]SHACKELFORD N,HOBBS R J,BURGAR J M,ERICKSON J B,LALIBERTéE,RAMALHO C E,PERRING M P,STANDISH R J.Primed for change:Developing ecological restoration for the 21st Century.Restoration Ecology,2013,21(3):297.
[5]傅伯杰,周国逸,白永飞,宋长春,刘纪远,张惠远,吕河,郑华,谢高地.中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全.地球科学进展,2009,24(6):571-576.FU B J,ZHOU G Y,BAI Y F,SONG C C,LIU J Y,ZHANG H Y,LYU H,ZHENG H,XIE G D.The main terrestrial ecosystem services and ecological security in China.Advances In Earth Science,2009,24(6):571-576.
[6]JIANG W G,YUAN L H,WANG W J,CAO R,ZHANG Y F,SHEN W M.Spatio-temporal analysis of vegetation variation in the Yellow River Basin.Ecological Indicators,2015,51:117-126.
[7]LYU Y H,FU B J,FENG X M,ZENG Y,LIU Y,CHANG R Y,SUN G,WU B F.A policy-driven large scale ecological restoration:Quantifying ecosystem services changes in the Loess Plateau of China.Plos One,2012,7(2):e31782.
[8]ZHONG B X,LI S R,LU X X.Soil erosion control and sediment load reduction in the loess plateau:Policy perspectives.International Journal of Water Resources Development,2012,28(2):325-341.
[9]张颖,章超斌,王钊齐,杨悦,李建龙.三江源1982-2012年草地植被覆盖度动态及其对气候变化的响应.草业科学,2017,34(10):1977-1990.ZHANG Y,ZHANG C B,WANG Z Q,YANG Y,LI J L.Spatiotemporal dynamics of grassland coverage in response to climate change from 1982 to 2012 in the Three River Source Region,China.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):1977-1990.
[10]张琨,吕一河,傅伯杰.黄土高原典型区植被恢复及其对生态系统服务的影响.生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):23-31.ZHANG K,LYU Y H,FU B J.Vegetation restoration and its influences on ecosystem services in areas typical of the loess plateau.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(1):23-31.
[11]PENMAN H L.Natural evaporation from open water,bare soil and grass.Proceedings of the Royal Society,1948,193:120-145.
[12]GUPTA S C,LARSON W E.Estimating soil water retention characteristics from particle size distribution,organic matter percent,and bulk density.Water Resources Research,1979,15(6):1633-1635.
[13]ALLEN-WARDELL G,BERNHARDT P,BITNER R,BURQUEZ A,BUCHMANN S,CANE J,COX P A,DALTON V,FEINSINGER P,INGRAM M.The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields.Conservation Biology,1998,12(1):8-17.
[14]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究.水土保持通报,1996(5):1-20.WANG W Z,JIAO J Y.Qutantitative evaluation on factors influencing soil erosion in China.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1996(5):1-20.
[15]蔡崇法,丁树文.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究.水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.CAI Z F,DING S W.Study of applying USLE and geographical information system IDRISI to predict soil erosion in small watershed.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2000,14(2):19-24.
[16]郑度,姚檀栋.青藏高原隆升与环境效应.科学出版社,2004.ZHENG D,YAO T D.The uplifting and environmental effectivity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Science Press,2004.
[17]WILLIAMS J R,RENARD K G,DYKE P T.EPIC-A new method for assessing erosion's effect on soil productivity.Journal of Soil&Water Conservation,1983,38(5):381-383.
[18]张科利,彭文英,杨红丽.中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算.土壤学报,2007,44(1):7-13.ZHANG K L,PENG W Y,YANG H L.Soil erodibility and its estimation for agricultural soil in China.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(1):7-13.
[19]穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,刚成诚,周伟,居为民.2001-2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征.地理学报,2012,67(9):1255-1268.MU S J,LI J L,CHEN Y Z,GANG C C,ZHOU W,JU W M.Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010.Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255-1268.
[20]李海亮.基于MODIS数据的石羊河流域植被覆盖时空变化研究.兰州:西北师范大学博士学位论文,2009.LI H L.Study on the temporal-spatial changes of vegetation cover in shiyang river basin based on MODIS data.PhD Thesis.Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2009.
[21]吴健,李英花,黄利亚,卢正茂,于大炮,周莉,代力民.东北地区产水量时空分布格局及其驱动因素.生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3216-3223.WU J,LI Y H,HUANG L Y,LU Z M,YU D P,ZHOU L,DAI L M.Spatiotemporal variation of water yield and its driving factors in Northeast China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(11):3216-3223.
[22]闫俊杰,黄辉,崔东,刘海军,陈晨,夏倩倩.新疆伊犁河谷草地退化及其对生态服务价值的影响.生态经济,2018,34(1):191-196.YAN J J,HUANG H,CUI D,LIU H J,CHEN C,XIA Q Q.The degradation of grassland and its impact on ecological service value in Ili river valley of Xinjiang.Ecological Economy,2018,34(1):191-196.
[23]RENARD D,RHEMTULLA J M,BENNETT E M.Historical dynamics in ecosystem service bundles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(43):13411.
[24]WU J X,YAN Z,YU C Q,LUO L M,PAN Y.Land management influences trade-offs and the total supply of ecosystem services in alpine grassland in Tibet,China.Journal of Environmental Management,2017,193:70-78.