不同耕作方式对民勤绿洲耕层土壤理化性状及重金属含量的影响
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摘要
为研究不同耕作方式对绿洲灌区玉米耕层土壤重金属的影响,分析土壤重金属总量及有效态含量与土壤理化性质的内在联系。依托设置在民勤绿洲区2年重复试验,采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了免耕(NT)、少耕(MT)、秋翻(MPT)和深松(ST)4种不同耕作方式下玉米田耕层土壤理化性状及土壤重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg)总量和有效态含量变化,以期为农田重金属污染治理提供理论参考。结果表明,(1)短期内耕作方式对耕层土壤理化性状和重金属总量没有显著性影响,但相对于少耕、秋翻及深松,免耕有利于降低土壤耕层pH,提高耕层有机质、全氮含量和电导率。(2)深松能显著降低有效Cd含量,秋翻地有效As含量显著低于少耕,耕作方式对土壤耕层其他有效性重金属的影响不显著。(3)土壤Ni、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb总量与pH达到显著或极显著负相关,与有机质达到显著或极显著正相关。有效Cu含量与土壤pH呈极显著负相关。有效Hg含量与有机质含量呈显著负相关。有机质、电导率、全氮含量与有效Cu、有效Pb含量呈显著或极显著正相关。总之,免耕在降低耕层土壤pH、提高有机质的同时,提高了土壤Cu、Cd总量和有效Cu含量,但深松可有效降低耕层土壤有效Cd含量。
In order to study the effects of different tillage methods on heavy metals in maize tillage soil in oasis irrigation area, the intrinsic relationship between soil physical-chemical properties, total and available heavy metals content was analyzed, the scientific basis for treatment of heavy metals contaminated soil was investigated in field experiments. Based on two-year repeated experiments in Minqin Oasis, this study discussed the effect of four tillage system(no-tillage NT, minimal tillage MT, mouldboard plow MPT and soil subsoiling ST) on soil physical-chemical properties, total and available heavy metals content(Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Hg) for tilth soils through the cooperation of field experiment. The results showed that,(1) Tillage methods had no significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties and the total amount of heavy metals in 0-20 cm in the short term. However, compared with other tillage methods, no-tillage was beneficial to reduce the p H, increase the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity.(2) Subsoiling significantly reduced the available Cd content, and the available As content of mouldboard plow was significantly lower than that of minimal tillage, there were no significant effects of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb and Hg on different tillage methods. And(3) the total amounts of Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb were extremely significant or significant negatively correlated with the soil pH, which was extremely significant or significant positively correlated with soil organic matter. Soil p H was negatively correlated with available Cu content, organic matter content was negatively correlated with available Hg content, and organic matter,electrical conductivity and total nitrogen content were positively correlated with available Cu and Pb content. In short, no-tillage can reduce the pH and increase the organic matter for tilth soils, also increase the total amount of Cu, Cd and available Cu content, while subsoiling can effectively reduce the effective Cd content of the tilth soil.
In order to study the effects of different tillage methods on heavy metals in maize tillage soil in oasis irrigation area, the intrinsic relationship between soil physical-chemical properties, total and available heavy metals content was analyzed, the scientific basis for treatment of heavy metals contaminated soil was investigated in field experiments. Based on two-year repeated experiments in Minqin Oasis, this study discussed the effect of four tillage system(no-tillage NT, minimal tillage MT, mouldboard plow MPT and soil subsoiling ST) on soil physical-chemical properties, total and available heavy metals content(Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Hg) for tilth soils through the cooperation of field experiment. The results showed that,(1) Tillage methods had no significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties and the total amount of heavy metals in 0-20 cm in the short term. However, compared with other tillage methods, no-tillage was beneficial to reduce the p H, increase the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity.(2) Subsoiling significantly reduced the available Cd content, and the available As content of mouldboard plow was significantly lower than that of minimal tillage, there were no significant effects of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb and Hg on different tillage methods. And(3) the total amounts of Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb were extremely significant or significant negatively correlated with the soil pH, which was extremely significant or significant positively correlated with soil organic matter. Soil p H was negatively correlated with available Cu content, organic matter content was negatively correlated with available Hg content, and organic matter,electrical conductivity and total nitrogen content were positively correlated with available Cu and Pb content. In short, no-tillage can reduce the pH and increase the organic matter for tilth soils, also increase the total amount of Cu, Cd and available Cu content, while subsoiling can effectively reduce the effective Cd content of the tilth soil.
引文
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成臣,曾勇军,杨秀霞,等,2015.不同耕作方式对稻田净增温潜势和温室气体强度的影响[J].环境科学学报,35(6):1887-1895.CHENG C,ZENG Y J,YANG X X et al.,2015.Effect of different tillage methods on net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in double rice-cropping systems[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,35(6):1887-1895.
崔孝强,阮震,刘丹,等,2012.耕作方式对稻-油轮作系统土壤理化性质及重金属有效性的影响[J].水土保持学报,26(5):73-77.CUI X Q,RUAN Z,LIU D,et al.,2012.Effects of tillage methods on physicochemical properties and heavy metal availability of soils in rice-rape rotation systems[J].Journal of soil and water conservation,26(5):73-77.
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