垃圾渗滤液厌氧出水实现短程硝化影响因素研究
|
摘要
针对垃圾渗滤液厌氧出水水质特点,采用连续流短程硝化反应器,考察溶解氧(DO)含量、pH和进水C/N对短程硝化快速启动的影响,在优化条件下研究化学抑制剂(KClO_3)对实现短程硝化的促进作用。结果表明,DO的质量浓度在0.5～1.0 mg/L时,亚硝化率高达92.4%,DO含量过高或过低均会对系统产生不利影响;适宜的pH为7.5～8.5,进水pH过高会造成游离氨(FA)含量呈指数级上升,对氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)均产生抑制作用;适宜的进水COD/ρ(TN)为3,亚硝化率稳定在89%,C/N过高会促进反硝化进程,但氨氧化过程受阻,此阶段COD去除率保持稳定。在上述优化条件下向系统中投加5 mmol/L的KClO_3,其对NOB进行了选择性抑制,5 d后氨氧化率和亚硝化率分别达94%和97%,短程硝化启动速度更迅速,出水各指标均优于对照组。
According to the characteristics of anaerobic effluent quality of landfill leachate, the effect of dissolved oxygen(DO) content, pH and influent water C/N on rapid start-up of short-cut nitrification was investigated by using continuous flow short-cut nitrification reactor. Under the optimum conditions,the promoting effect of chemical inhibitors(KClO_3) for short-cut nitrification system was studied. The results showed that when the mass concentration of DO was controlled at 0.5～1.0 mg/L, the nitrosation rate was 92.4%. If the content of DO was too high or too low would have adverse effects on the system. The optimum pH was 7.5～8.5, when the influent pH was too high, the content of free ammonia would rise exponentially and inhibit AOB and NOB. The optimal influent COD/ρ(TN) was 3, the nitrification rate was stable at 89%, and when C/N was too high it would promote the process of denitrification, but the process of ammonia oxidation was blocked and the removal rate of COD remained stable at this stage. Under the above optimum conditions, 5 mmol/L of KClO_3 was added to the system, which selectively inhibited NOB. After 5 d, the rates of ammonia oxidation and nitrosation were 94% and 97% respectively, short-cut nitrification starting speed was faster, and effluent indicators were better than the control group.
According to the characteristics of anaerobic effluent quality of landfill leachate, the effect of dissolved oxygen(DO) content, pH and influent water C/N on rapid start-up of short-cut nitrification was investigated by using continuous flow short-cut nitrification reactor. Under the optimum conditions,the promoting effect of chemical inhibitors(KClO_3) for short-cut nitrification system was studied. The results showed that when the mass concentration of DO was controlled at 0.5～1.0 mg/L, the nitrosation rate was 92.4%. If the content of DO was too high or too low would have adverse effects on the system. The optimum pH was 7.5～8.5, when the influent pH was too high, the content of free ammonia would rise exponentially and inhibit AOB and NOB. The optimal influent COD/ρ(TN) was 3, the nitrification rate was stable at 89%, and when C/N was too high it would promote the process of denitrification, but the process of ammonia oxidation was blocked and the removal rate of COD remained stable at this stage. Under the above optimum conditions, 5 mmol/L of KClO_3 was added to the system, which selectively inhibited NOB. After 5 d, the rates of ammonia oxidation and nitrosation were 94% and 97% respectively, short-cut nitrification starting speed was faster, and effluent indicators were better than the control group.
引文
[1]董隽.城市生活垃圾热解气化特性及全过程多目标评价方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[2]熊建英,郑正.垃圾填埋场渗滤液溶解性有机质特性及其去除技术综述[J].环境化学,2015,34(1):44-53.
[3]PRIMO O,RIVERO M J,ORTIZ I.Photo-Fenton process as an efficient alternative to the treatment of landfill leachates[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,153(1/2):834-842.
[4]WU L N,LIANG D W,XU Y Y,et al.A robust and cost-effective integrated process for nitrogen and bio-refractory organics removal from landfill leachate via short-cut nitrification,anaerobic ammonium oxidation in tandem with electrochemical oxidation[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,212:296-301.
[5]MULDER A,VAN DE GRAAF A A,ROBERTSON L A,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,1995,16(3):177-184.
[6]GILBERT E M,AGRAWAL S,BRUNNER F,et al.Response of different Nitrospira species to anoxic periods depends on operational DO[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(5):2934-2941.
[7]徐浩,李捷,罗凡,等.低C/N比城市污水短程硝化特性及微生物种群分布[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(3):1477-1481.
[8]KORNAROS M,DOKIANAKIS S N,LYBERATOS G.Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(19):7245-7253.
[9]PAMBRUN V,PAUL E,SPERSANDIO M.Control and modelling of partial nitrification of effluents with high ammonia concentrations in sequencing batch reactor[J].Chemical Engineering&Processing Process Intensification,2008,47(3):323-329.
[10]贾璐维,赵剑强,胡博,等.MFC强化同步短程硝化反硝化工艺的启动[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(4):1831-1836.
[11]PENG Y Z,CHEN Y,PENG C Y,et al.Nitrite accumulation by aeration controlled in sequencing batch reactors treating domestic wastewater[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,50(10):35-43.
[12]徐婷,王丽,吴军.不同p H条件下短程硝化序批实验和数学模拟[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2840-2846.
[13]周呈,黄勇,李祥.部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺处理高氨氮废水研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(4):11-15.
[14]PARK S,BAE W.Modeling kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite oxidation under simultaneous inhibition by free ammonia and free nitrous acid[J].Process Biochemistry,2009,44(2):631-640.
[15]HOU J,XIA L,MA T,et al.Achieving short-cut nitrification and denitrification in modified intermittently aerated constructed wetland[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:10-17.
[16]PENG Y Z,YU D S,LIANG D W,et al.Nitrogen removal via nitrite from seawater contained sewage[J].Journal of Environmental Science&Health Part a-Toxic/Hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering,2004,39(7):1667.
[17]宋学起,彭永臻,王淑莹,等.投加抑制剂实现短程硝化反硝化[J].水处理技术,2005,31(4):38-40.
[18]GE S,WANG S,YANG X,et al.Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment:a review[J].Chemosphere,2015,140(9):85-98.
[19]陈佼,张建强,文海燕,等.羟胺抑制协同pH调控对人工快渗系统短程硝化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3728-3735.
[20]徐光景.基于化学法控制的亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化的耦合工艺研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.
[21]HELLINGA C,SCHENLLEN A,MULDER J W,et al.The SHARONprocess:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammoniumrich waste water[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[22]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]张树军,曾薇,彭永臻,等.高氮城市生活垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(5):751-756.
[24]吕斌,杨开,周培疆,等.晚期垃圾渗滤液实现短程硝化影响因素分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(6):931-933.
[25]LAANBROEK H J,GERARDS S.Competition for limiting amounts of oxygen between nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter Winogradskyi grown in mixed continuous cultures[J].Archives Microbiology,1993,159:453-459.
[26]贾陈忠,王焰新,张彩香,等.垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机物组分的三维荧光特性[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(6):1575-1579.
[27]HANKINSON T R,SCHMIDT E L.An acidophilic and a neutrophilic nitrobacter strain isolated from the numerically predominant nitriteoxidizing population of an acid forest soil[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1988,54(6):1536-1540.
[28]彭永臻,李璐凯,李夕耀,等.不同pH值及碱性物质对短程硝化的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,43(10):1554-1562.
[29]唐光临,孙国新,徐楚韶.亚硝化反硝化生物脱氮[J].工业水处理,2001,21(11):11-13.
[30]FUX C,BOEHLER M,HUBER P,et al.Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitritation and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)in a pilot plant[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2002,99(3):295-306.
[2]熊建英,郑正.垃圾填埋场渗滤液溶解性有机质特性及其去除技术综述[J].环境化学,2015,34(1):44-53.
[3]PRIMO O,RIVERO M J,ORTIZ I.Photo-Fenton process as an efficient alternative to the treatment of landfill leachates[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,153(1/2):834-842.
[4]WU L N,LIANG D W,XU Y Y,et al.A robust and cost-effective integrated process for nitrogen and bio-refractory organics removal from landfill leachate via short-cut nitrification,anaerobic ammonium oxidation in tandem with electrochemical oxidation[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,212:296-301.
[5]MULDER A,VAN DE GRAAF A A,ROBERTSON L A,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,1995,16(3):177-184.
[6]GILBERT E M,AGRAWAL S,BRUNNER F,et al.Response of different Nitrospira species to anoxic periods depends on operational DO[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(5):2934-2941.
[7]徐浩,李捷,罗凡,等.低C/N比城市污水短程硝化特性及微生物种群分布[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(3):1477-1481.
[8]KORNAROS M,DOKIANAKIS S N,LYBERATOS G.Partial nitrification/denitrification can be attributed to the slow response of nitrite oxidizing bacteria to periodic anoxic disturbances[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(19):7245-7253.
[9]PAMBRUN V,PAUL E,SPERSANDIO M.Control and modelling of partial nitrification of effluents with high ammonia concentrations in sequencing batch reactor[J].Chemical Engineering&Processing Process Intensification,2008,47(3):323-329.
[10]贾璐维,赵剑强,胡博,等.MFC强化同步短程硝化反硝化工艺的启动[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(4):1831-1836.
[11]PENG Y Z,CHEN Y,PENG C Y,et al.Nitrite accumulation by aeration controlled in sequencing batch reactors treating domestic wastewater[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,50(10):35-43.
[12]徐婷,王丽,吴军.不同p H条件下短程硝化序批实验和数学模拟[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(6):2840-2846.
[13]周呈,黄勇,李祥.部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺处理高氨氮废水研究进展[J].水处理技术,2014,40(4):11-15.
[14]PARK S,BAE W.Modeling kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite oxidation under simultaneous inhibition by free ammonia and free nitrous acid[J].Process Biochemistry,2009,44(2):631-640.
[15]HOU J,XIA L,MA T,et al.Achieving short-cut nitrification and denitrification in modified intermittently aerated constructed wetland[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,232:10-17.
[16]PENG Y Z,YU D S,LIANG D W,et al.Nitrogen removal via nitrite from seawater contained sewage[J].Journal of Environmental Science&Health Part a-Toxic/Hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering,2004,39(7):1667.
[17]宋学起,彭永臻,王淑莹,等.投加抑制剂实现短程硝化反硝化[J].水处理技术,2005,31(4):38-40.
[18]GE S,WANG S,YANG X,et al.Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment:a review[J].Chemosphere,2015,140(9):85-98.
[19]陈佼,张建强,文海燕,等.羟胺抑制协同pH调控对人工快渗系统短程硝化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(10):3728-3735.
[20]徐光景.基于化学法控制的亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化的耦合工艺研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.
[21]HELLINGA C,SCHENLLEN A,MULDER J W,et al.The SHARONprocess:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammoniumrich waste water[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[22]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[23]张树军,曾薇,彭永臻,等.高氮城市生活垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(5):751-756.
[24]吕斌,杨开,周培疆,等.晚期垃圾渗滤液实现短程硝化影响因素分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(6):931-933.
[25]LAANBROEK H J,GERARDS S.Competition for limiting amounts of oxygen between nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter Winogradskyi grown in mixed continuous cultures[J].Archives Microbiology,1993,159:453-459.
[26]贾陈忠,王焰新,张彩香,等.垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机物组分的三维荧光特性[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(6):1575-1579.
[27]HANKINSON T R,SCHMIDT E L.An acidophilic and a neutrophilic nitrobacter strain isolated from the numerically predominant nitriteoxidizing population of an acid forest soil[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1988,54(6):1536-1540.
[28]彭永臻,李璐凯,李夕耀,等.不同pH值及碱性物质对短程硝化的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,43(10):1554-1562.
[29]唐光临,孙国新,徐楚韶.亚硝化反硝化生物脱氮[J].工业水处理,2001,21(11):11-13.
[30]FUX C,BOEHLER M,HUBER P,et al.Biological treatment of ammonium-rich wastewater by partial nitritation and subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)in a pilot plant[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2002,99(3):295-306.