不同沼肥施用量对水稻生长和产量及其重金属含量的影响
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摘要
沼肥是一种优质的有机肥料,含有植物生长所需的多种营养元素,将其安全有效地应用于农业生产对降低环境污染和提高产量有着重要的意义。在田间小区试验条件下,以籼稻黄华占为试验材料,研究不同体积的沼肥施用量对水稻生长发育、养分含量和产量及其重金属含量的影响。结果表明:以沼肥作基肥,追施复合肥对水稻生长株高、茎叶生长及养分含量均有一定影响,水稻产量最高可达562.03 kg·667 m~(-2)。同时,当沼肥施用量较高时,会增加收获籽粒中的重金属含量。
Biogas fertilizer is a high quality organic fertilizer,which include various kinds of nutrient needed for plant growth.It has great significance to apply it safely and effectively to agricultural production to reduce environmental pollution and increase yield.The effects of different biogas fertilizer application amount by different volume on rice growth and development,nutirent content,yield and content of heavy metals in rice seeds of the Indica rice Huanghuazhan were studied with series of field trials.The results showed that the height of plant,stems and leaves growth and nutrient content of rice were affected by the use of biogas as base fertilizer and the compound fertilizer as supplemental fertilizer,the yield per 667 m~2 of rice could reached 562.03 kg.Meanwhile,the results also showed that the content of heavy metals in the harvested grains were increased when the high application amount of biogas fertilizer.
Biogas fertilizer is a high quality organic fertilizer,which include various kinds of nutrient needed for plant growth.It has great significance to apply it safely and effectively to agricultural production to reduce environmental pollution and increase yield.The effects of different biogas fertilizer application amount by different volume on rice growth and development,nutirent content,yield and content of heavy metals in rice seeds of the Indica rice Huanghuazhan were studied with series of field trials.The results showed that the height of plant,stems and leaves growth and nutrient content of rice were affected by the use of biogas as base fertilizer and the compound fertilizer as supplemental fertilizer,the yield per 667 m~2 of rice could reached 562.03 kg.Meanwhile,the results also showed that the content of heavy metals in the harvested grains were increased when the high application amount of biogas fertilizer.
引文
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[2] 王远远,刘荣厚.沼液综合利用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(4):1089-1091.
[3] 王慧霞,张坐省.沼液中的化学物质及在农业生产上的应用[J].陕西农业科学,2006(3):89-91.
[4] 郭强,柴晓利,程海静,等.沼液的综合利用[J].再生资源研究,2005(6):37-41.
[5] Sorensen P,Amato M.Remineralisation and residual effects of N after application of pig slurry to soil[J].European Joural of Agronomy,2001,16:81-95.
[6] 刘向林,王丽霞,吴冬悦,等.长期施用沼液对土壤及产品的影响[J].中国沼气,2018,36(2):87-91.
[7] 张无敌,宋洪川,丁琪,等.沼气发酵残留物防治农作物病虫害的效果分析[J].农业现代研究,2001,22(3):167-170.
[8] 唐微,伍钧,孙百晔,等.沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].农业环境学报,2010,29(12):2268-2273.
[9] 胡向军,余东波.沼液对桠柑生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J].中国沼气,2008,26(3):29-33.
[10] 张进,张妙仙,单胜道,等.沼液对水稻生长及其重金属含量的影响[J].农业环境学报,2009,28(10):2005-2009.
[11] 刘勇,吴玉红,崔平,等.沼液浸种时间及浓度对水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(7):16-19.
[12] 张乾元,李兆丽.沼液叶面喷施和灌根对马铃薯生长与产量的影响[J].中国沼气,2008,26(5):30-32.
[13] 徐铭泽,孙丽英,张良,等.沼液与化肥配施对西红柿生长和土壤组分的影响[J].中国沼气,2017,35(6):75-82.
[14] Berenguer P,Santiveri F,Boixadera J,et al.Fertilisation of irrigated maize with pig slurry combined with pig slurry combined with mineral nitrogen[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2008,28:635-645.
[15] 潘瑞枳.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[16] 李小坤.水稻营养特性及科学施肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[17] 芒森.农业中的钾[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[18] 周孟津.沼气实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[19] 徐瑞强,董合林,徐文修,等.喷施浓缩沼液对棉花幼苗生长发育和生理特性的影响[J].棉花学报,2018,30(3):261-271.
[20] 徐海东,董合林,徐文修,等.液态有机肥对滴灌棉花光合特性及产量形成规律的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(20):71-77.
[21] 陆景凌.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016.
[22] 王桂良,张家宏,王守红,等.沼液替代化肥氮对冬小麦产量、品质及生长发育的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2018,35(5):467-475.