基于地貌信息熵的天山公路冰川泥石流危险性评价
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摘要
冰川泥石流广泛分布于我国西部地区,特殊的地貌条件对泥石流的发育有着重要影响。地貌信息熵理论是量化地貌发育阶段的指标,针对冰川地貌条件,探讨了地貌信息熵理论在冰川地貌条件下的应用,并提出了相应的修正系数。选取天山公路沿线13条泥石流沟,基于ArcGIS平台,进行了危险性评价。结果表明,修正后的地貌信息熵值能较好地判断冰川泥石流的危险程度。
Glacial debris flow is widely distributed in western China, where the special landform conditions have significantly impacted the development of glacial debris flow hazards. Geomorphic information entropy theory is applied to quantify the development stages of geomorphology. In this paper, the application of geomorphic information entropy theory to glacial geomorphic condition is discussed and the corresponding correction coefficients under various glacial geomorphic conditions are proposed. Thirteen debris flow gullies along the Tianshan Highway were selected for risk assessment based on the ArcGIS platform. As a result, it is found that the corrected geomorphic information entropy value is able to judge the risk of glacial debris flow.
Glacial debris flow is widely distributed in western China, where the special landform conditions have significantly impacted the development of glacial debris flow hazards. Geomorphic information entropy theory is applied to quantify the development stages of geomorphology. In this paper, the application of geomorphic information entropy theory to glacial geomorphic condition is discussed and the corresponding correction coefficients under various glacial geomorphic conditions are proposed. Thirteen debris flow gullies along the Tianshan Highway were selected for risk assessment based on the ArcGIS platform. As a result, it is found that the corrected geomorphic information entropy value is able to judge the risk of glacial debris flow.
引文
[1] Chen Hongkai.Research and control of highway debris flow[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004:40-41.[陈洪凯.公路泥石流研究及治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:40-41.]
[2] Adachi K,Tokuyama K,Nakasuji A,et al.Study on judgment of outbreakability of debrisflow[J].Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering,1977,30(3):7-16.[足立勝治,徳山久仁夫,中筋章人,等.土石流発生危険度の判定について[J].砂防学会誌,1977,30(3):7-16.]
[3] Tan Bingyan.Comprehensive evaluation of debris flow[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1986,3(1):51-57.[谭炳炎.泥石流沟严重程度的数量化综合评判[J].水土保持通报,1986,3(1):51-57.]
[4] Li Kuo,Tang Chuan.Progress in research on debris flow hazard assessment[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2007,22(1):106-111.[李阔,唐川.泥石流危险性评价研究进展[J].灾害学,2007,22(1):106-111.]
[5] Wei Yongming,Xie Youyu,Wu Yongqiu.Applications of relativity analysis method and fuzzy synthetical assessment method in classification of dangerous degree of debris flow[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1998(2):112-120.[魏永明,谢又予,伍永秋.关联度分析法和模糊综合评判法在泥石流沟谷危险度划分中的应用:以北京市北部山区怀柔、 密云两县为例[J].自然灾害学报,1998(2):112-120.]
[6] Wen Guangju,Deng Wenjie,Yang Le,et al.Based on the AHP of potentiality degree assessment of mine debris flow in mountainous area of Chongqing[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(2):92-96.[文光菊,邓文杰,杨乐,等.基于层次分析法的重庆山区矿山泥石流潜势度评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(2):92-96.]
[7] Huang Wei,Tang Chuan,Liu Yang.Analysis on risk assessment factors of glacial debris flow based on grey correlation degree[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2013,28(2):172-176.[黄伟,唐川,刘洋.基于灰色关联度的冰川泥石流危险性评价因子分析[J].灾害学,2013,28(2):172-176.]
[8] Li Xiuzhen,Kong Jiming,Li Chaofeng.Application of BP neural network to the hazard assessment of debris flow based on Matlab[J].Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2010,38(1):47-50.[李秀珍,孔纪名,李朝凤.基于Matlab的BP神经网络在泥石流危险性评价中的应用[J].工程勘察,2010,38(1):47-50.]
[9] Wang Jun,Ou Guoqiang,Yang Shun,et al.Applicability of geomorphic information entropy in the post-earthquake debris flow risk assessment[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,31(1):83-91.[王钧,欧国强,杨顺,等.地貌信息熵在地震后泥石流危险性评价中的应用[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):83-91.]
[10] Su Bo,Li Zhongqin,Zhang Mingjun,et al.A comparative study on mass balance between the continental glaciers and the temperate glaciers:taking the typical glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps as examples[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(5):1131-1140.[苏勃,李忠勤,张明军,等.大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡对比研究:以天山和阿尔卑斯山典型冰川为例[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1131-1140.]
[11] Wang Nai′ang,Dai Shuang,Zhang Lülü,et al.Issues on criteria and methods for discriminating Quaternary glacial relics:also on the origin of the boulder-piled levees in Mount Mengshan[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(6):1289-1297.[王乃昂,戴霜,张律吕,等.第四纪冰川遗迹的判别标准与方法问题:兼论蒙山巨砾堆积堤之成因[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(6):1289-1297.]
[12] Deng Yangxin.Study on the debris flow at the northern section of Dushanzi-Kuqa Highway through Tianshan Mountains[J].Arid Land Geography,1994,17(1):30-37.[邓养鑫.天山独(山子)库(车)公路北段泥石流研究[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(1):30-37.]
[13] Tang Hongmei,Chen Hongkai,Li Yaxun,et al.Research on formation environment of debris flow along highways at Tianshan Mountain area in Xinjiang region[J].Highway,2004(6):87-92.[唐红梅,陈洪凯,李亚训,等.新疆天山公路泥石流形成环境研究[J].公路,2004(6):87-92.]
[14] Xing Wucheng,Li Zhongqin,Zhang Hui,et al.Spatial-temporal variation of glacier resources in Chinese Tianshan Mountains since 1959[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(9):1594-1605.[邢武成,李忠勤,张慧,等.1959年来中国天山冰川资源时空变化[J].地理学报,2017,72(9):1594-1605.]
[15] Wang Puyu,Li Zhongqin,Li Huilin,et al.Analysis of the relation between glacier volume change and area change in the Tian-shan Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(1):9-15.[王璞玉,李忠勤,李慧林,等.天山冰川储量变化和面积变化关系分析研究[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(1):9-15.]
[16] Zhang Jie.Summary for policymakers and executive summary of Xinjiang regional assessment report of climate change[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2013.[张杰.新疆区域气候变化评估报告决策者摘要及执行摘要[M].北京:气象出版社,2013.]
[17] Li Zhongqin,Li Kaiming,Wang Lin.Study on recent glacier changes and their impact on water resources in Xinjiang,North Western China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(1):96-106.[李忠勤,李开明,王林.新疆冰川近期变化及其对水资源的影响研究[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(1):96-106.]
[18] Zhang Hui,Li Zhongqin,Mu Jianxin,et al.Impact of the glacier change on water resources in the Kuytun River basin,Tian-shan Mountains during recent 50 years[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(11):1771-1777.[张慧,李忠勤,牟建新,等.近50年新疆天山奎屯河流域冰川变化及其对水资源的影响[J].地理科学,2017,37(11):1771-1777.]
[19] Shen Yongping,Su Hongchao,Wang Guoya,et al.The responses of glaciers and snow cover to climate change in Xinjiang (II):hazards effects[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(6):1355-1370.[沈永平,苏宏超,王国亚,等.新疆冰川、 积雪对气候变化的响应(II):灾害效应[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(6):1355-1370.]
[20] Huggel C,K??b A,Haeberli W,et al.Regional-scale GIS-models for assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts:evaluation and application in the Swiss Alps[J].Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences,2003,3(6):647-662.
[21] Li Honglian,Cai Xiangxing.The glacial debris flow of China[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1989,9(6):1-9.[李鸿琏,蔡祥兴.中国冰川泥石流的一些特征[J].水土保持通报,1989,9(6):1-9.]
[22] Ai Nanshan.Comentropy in erosinal drainage-system[J].Journal of Soil and Water Consservation,1987,1(2):1-7.[艾南山.侵蚀流域系统的信息熵[J].水土保持学报,1987,1(2):1-7.]
[23] Ai Nanshan,Yue Tianxiang.Second discussion of the comentropy of drainage-system[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1988,2(4):3-11.[艾南山,岳天祥.再论流域系统的信息熵[J].水土保持学报,1988,2(4):3-11.]
[24] Lan Yongchao,Shen Yongping,Wu Sufen,et al.Changes of the glaciers and the glacier water resources in the typical river basins on the north and south slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since 1960s[J].Jounal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(11):1-8.[蓝永超,沈永平,吴素芬,等.近50年来新疆天山南北坡典型流域冰川与冰川水资源的变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):1-8.]
[25] Wang Xiaopeng,Pan Mao,Ren Qunzhi.Hazard assessment of debris flow based on geomorphic information entropy in catchment[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2007,43(2):211-215.[王晓朋,潘懋,任群智.基于流域系统地貌信息熵的泥石流危险性定量评价[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2007,43(2):211-215.]
[26] Tang Guo′an,Yang Xin.ArcGIS experimental tutorial on spatial analysis of geographic information systems[M].Bejing:Science Press,2012:442-444.[汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:442-444.]
[27] Zhao Hongzhuang,Li Youli,Yang Jingchun,et al.Geomorphic characteristics of northern Tianshan Mountains based on DEM data[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2009,29(3):445-449.[赵洪壮,李有利,杨景春,等.基于DEM数据的北天山地貌形态分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(3):445-449.]
[2] Adachi K,Tokuyama K,Nakasuji A,et al.Study on judgment of outbreakability of debrisflow[J].Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering,1977,30(3):7-16.[足立勝治,徳山久仁夫,中筋章人,等.土石流発生危険度の判定について[J].砂防学会誌,1977,30(3):7-16.]
[3] Tan Bingyan.Comprehensive evaluation of debris flow[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1986,3(1):51-57.[谭炳炎.泥石流沟严重程度的数量化综合评判[J].水土保持通报,1986,3(1):51-57.]
[4] Li Kuo,Tang Chuan.Progress in research on debris flow hazard assessment[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2007,22(1):106-111.[李阔,唐川.泥石流危险性评价研究进展[J].灾害学,2007,22(1):106-111.]
[5] Wei Yongming,Xie Youyu,Wu Yongqiu.Applications of relativity analysis method and fuzzy synthetical assessment method in classification of dangerous degree of debris flow[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1998(2):112-120.[魏永明,谢又予,伍永秋.关联度分析法和模糊综合评判法在泥石流沟谷危险度划分中的应用:以北京市北部山区怀柔、 密云两县为例[J].自然灾害学报,1998(2):112-120.]
[6] Wen Guangju,Deng Wenjie,Yang Le,et al.Based on the AHP of potentiality degree assessment of mine debris flow in mountainous area of Chongqing[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2017,28(2):92-96.[文光菊,邓文杰,杨乐,等.基于层次分析法的重庆山区矿山泥石流潜势度评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(2):92-96.]
[7] Huang Wei,Tang Chuan,Liu Yang.Analysis on risk assessment factors of glacial debris flow based on grey correlation degree[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2013,28(2):172-176.[黄伟,唐川,刘洋.基于灰色关联度的冰川泥石流危险性评价因子分析[J].灾害学,2013,28(2):172-176.]
[8] Li Xiuzhen,Kong Jiming,Li Chaofeng.Application of BP neural network to the hazard assessment of debris flow based on Matlab[J].Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying,2010,38(1):47-50.[李秀珍,孔纪名,李朝凤.基于Matlab的BP神经网络在泥石流危险性评价中的应用[J].工程勘察,2010,38(1):47-50.]
[9] Wang Jun,Ou Guoqiang,Yang Shun,et al.Applicability of geomorphic information entropy in the post-earthquake debris flow risk assessment[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,31(1):83-91.[王钧,欧国强,杨顺,等.地貌信息熵在地震后泥石流危险性评价中的应用[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):83-91.]
[10] Su Bo,Li Zhongqin,Zhang Mingjun,et al.A comparative study on mass balance between the continental glaciers and the temperate glaciers:taking the typical glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains and the Alps as examples[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(5):1131-1140.[苏勃,李忠勤,张明军,等.大陆型冰川与海洋型冰川物质平衡对比研究:以天山和阿尔卑斯山典型冰川为例[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1131-1140.]
[11] Wang Nai′ang,Dai Shuang,Zhang Lülü,et al.Issues on criteria and methods for discriminating Quaternary glacial relics:also on the origin of the boulder-piled levees in Mount Mengshan[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(6):1289-1297.[王乃昂,戴霜,张律吕,等.第四纪冰川遗迹的判别标准与方法问题:兼论蒙山巨砾堆积堤之成因[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(6):1289-1297.]
[12] Deng Yangxin.Study on the debris flow at the northern section of Dushanzi-Kuqa Highway through Tianshan Mountains[J].Arid Land Geography,1994,17(1):30-37.[邓养鑫.天山独(山子)库(车)公路北段泥石流研究[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(1):30-37.]
[13] Tang Hongmei,Chen Hongkai,Li Yaxun,et al.Research on formation environment of debris flow along highways at Tianshan Mountain area in Xinjiang region[J].Highway,2004(6):87-92.[唐红梅,陈洪凯,李亚训,等.新疆天山公路泥石流形成环境研究[J].公路,2004(6):87-92.]
[14] Xing Wucheng,Li Zhongqin,Zhang Hui,et al.Spatial-temporal variation of glacier resources in Chinese Tianshan Mountains since 1959[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(9):1594-1605.[邢武成,李忠勤,张慧,等.1959年来中国天山冰川资源时空变化[J].地理学报,2017,72(9):1594-1605.]
[15] Wang Puyu,Li Zhongqin,Li Huilin,et al.Analysis of the relation between glacier volume change and area change in the Tian-shan Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(1):9-15.[王璞玉,李忠勤,李慧林,等.天山冰川储量变化和面积变化关系分析研究[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(1):9-15.]
[16] Zhang Jie.Summary for policymakers and executive summary of Xinjiang regional assessment report of climate change[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2013.[张杰.新疆区域气候变化评估报告决策者摘要及执行摘要[M].北京:气象出版社,2013.]
[17] Li Zhongqin,Li Kaiming,Wang Lin.Study on recent glacier changes and their impact on water resources in Xinjiang,North Western China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(1):96-106.[李忠勤,李开明,王林.新疆冰川近期变化及其对水资源的影响研究[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(1):96-106.]
[18] Zhang Hui,Li Zhongqin,Mu Jianxin,et al.Impact of the glacier change on water resources in the Kuytun River basin,Tian-shan Mountains during recent 50 years[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(11):1771-1777.[张慧,李忠勤,牟建新,等.近50年新疆天山奎屯河流域冰川变化及其对水资源的影响[J].地理科学,2017,37(11):1771-1777.]
[19] Shen Yongping,Su Hongchao,Wang Guoya,et al.The responses of glaciers and snow cover to climate change in Xinjiang (II):hazards effects[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(6):1355-1370.[沈永平,苏宏超,王国亚,等.新疆冰川、 积雪对气候变化的响应(II):灾害效应[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(6):1355-1370.]
[20] Huggel C,K??b A,Haeberli W,et al.Regional-scale GIS-models for assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts:evaluation and application in the Swiss Alps[J].Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences,2003,3(6):647-662.
[21] Li Honglian,Cai Xiangxing.The glacial debris flow of China[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1989,9(6):1-9.[李鸿琏,蔡祥兴.中国冰川泥石流的一些特征[J].水土保持通报,1989,9(6):1-9.]
[22] Ai Nanshan.Comentropy in erosinal drainage-system[J].Journal of Soil and Water Consservation,1987,1(2):1-7.[艾南山.侵蚀流域系统的信息熵[J].水土保持学报,1987,1(2):1-7.]
[23] Ai Nanshan,Yue Tianxiang.Second discussion of the comentropy of drainage-system[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1988,2(4):3-11.[艾南山,岳天祥.再论流域系统的信息熵[J].水土保持学报,1988,2(4):3-11.]
[24] Lan Yongchao,Shen Yongping,Wu Sufen,et al.Changes of the glaciers and the glacier water resources in the typical river basins on the north and south slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since 1960s[J].Jounal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(11):1-8.[蓝永超,沈永平,吴素芬,等.近50年来新疆天山南北坡典型流域冰川与冰川水资源的变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):1-8.]
[25] Wang Xiaopeng,Pan Mao,Ren Qunzhi.Hazard assessment of debris flow based on geomorphic information entropy in catchment[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2007,43(2):211-215.[王晓朋,潘懋,任群智.基于流域系统地貌信息熵的泥石流危险性定量评价[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2007,43(2):211-215.]
[26] Tang Guo′an,Yang Xin.ArcGIS experimental tutorial on spatial analysis of geographic information systems[M].Bejing:Science Press,2012:442-444.[汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:442-444.]
[27] Zhao Hongzhuang,Li Youli,Yang Jingchun,et al.Geomorphic characteristics of northern Tianshan Mountains based on DEM data[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2009,29(3):445-449.[赵洪壮,李有利,杨景春,等.基于DEM数据的北天山地貌形态分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(3):445-449.]