不同水分处理对浚麦K8生理特性及群体水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
为旱区小麦种植的水分管理提供参考,在防雨棚条件下,以浚麦K8为试验材料,设置3个灌溉水平,灌溉量分别为蒸发皿蒸散量的50%、100%和150%(分别记为EP 0.5、EP 1.0和EP 1.5),处理阶段为冬小麦的拔节期和灌浆期,研究不同水分处理对其生理特性及群体水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与EP 1.0处理相比,拔节期和灌浆期亏缺灌溉(EP 0.5处理)显著降低浚麦K8的叶面积、叶片相对含水量、离体失水率及光合速率,产量也显著降低(42.53%),耗水量和水分利用效率均显著降低;EP 1.5处理拔节期叶面积显著增加,灌浆期叶面积、叶片相对含水量及光合速率变化不明显,耗水量显著增加,产量增加不明显;EP 1.5处理的水分利用效率较EP 1.0处理显著降低(9.17%)。拔节期增加灌溉量能够提高浚麦K8的叶面积,灌浆期过量灌溉对浚麦K8的生长及生理特性的改善无益;拔节期和灌浆期亏缺灌溉或过量灌浆均不利于水分利用效率的提高。
In order to provide references for water management of wheat plantation in semi-arid areas,the effects of different water treatments on physiological characteristics and population water use efficiency were studied under condition of rainproof shelter with Xun K8 as experimental material.Three irrigation levels were set up in this study.The irrigation amount was 50%,100%and 150% of pan evaporation(EP0.5,EP 1.0 and EP 1.5,respectively).The water control stages were jointing stage and filling stage.Results:Deficit irrigation(EP 0.5)at jointing and filling stages significantly decreased leaf area,relative water content,water loss rate in vitro and photosynthetic rate of Xun K8.Finally,the yield of EP 0.5 treatment was 42.53%lower than that of EP 1.0 treatment.Compared with EP 1.0 treatment,the water consumption and water use efficiency of EP 0.5 treatment were significantly reduced.Compared with EP1.0 treatment,the leaf area of EP 1.5 treatment at jointing stage was significantly increased,but its the leaf area,relative water content and photosynthetic rate at grain filling stage were not significantly increased compared to EP 1.0.EP 1.5 treatment significantly increased water consumption,but its yield did not increase significantly when compared to that of EP 1.0 treatment.The water use efficiency of EP 1.5 treatment was significantly reduced by 9.17% compared with that of EP 1.0 treatment.In conclusion,increasing irrigation amount at jointing stage can improve the leaf area of Xun K8,while excessive irrigation at filling stage is not beneficial to the growth and physiological characteristics of Xun K8.Moreover,deficit irrigation or excessive irrigation at jointing and filling stages are not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency.
In order to provide references for water management of wheat plantation in semi-arid areas,the effects of different water treatments on physiological characteristics and population water use efficiency were studied under condition of rainproof shelter with Xun K8 as experimental material.Three irrigation levels were set up in this study.The irrigation amount was 50%,100%and 150% of pan evaporation(EP0.5,EP 1.0 and EP 1.5,respectively).The water control stages were jointing stage and filling stage.Results:Deficit irrigation(EP 0.5)at jointing and filling stages significantly decreased leaf area,relative water content,water loss rate in vitro and photosynthetic rate of Xun K8.Finally,the yield of EP 0.5 treatment was 42.53%lower than that of EP 1.0 treatment.Compared with EP 1.0 treatment,the water consumption and water use efficiency of EP 0.5 treatment were significantly reduced.Compared with EP1.0 treatment,the leaf area of EP 1.5 treatment at jointing stage was significantly increased,but its the leaf area,relative water content and photosynthetic rate at grain filling stage were not significantly increased compared to EP 1.0.EP 1.5 treatment significantly increased water consumption,but its yield did not increase significantly when compared to that of EP 1.0 treatment.The water use efficiency of EP 1.5 treatment was significantly reduced by 9.17% compared with that of EP 1.0 treatment.In conclusion,increasing irrigation amount at jointing stage can improve the leaf area of Xun K8,while excessive irrigation at filling stage is not beneficial to the growth and physiological characteristics of Xun K8.Moreover,deficit irrigation or excessive irrigation at jointing and filling stages are not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency.
引文
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[10]李东晓,王红光,张迪,等.水分亏缺对不同小麦品种N、P、K分布与产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(8):1056-1064.
[11]相一杰,吴金芝,李友军,等.拔节后水分调控对矮抗58氮素吸收利用特性和蛋白质产量的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(04):787-793.
[12]王磊,董树亭,刘鹏,等.水氮互作对冬小麦光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):301-308.
[13]王怀苹,王守胜,宋玉超,等.高产多抗广适小麦新品种浚麦K8的选育及高产栽培技术[J].农业科技通讯,2013(8):17.
[14]祁有玲,张福仓,李开峰.水分亏缺和氮素对冬小麦生长及氮素吸收的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2399-2405.
[15]邱新强,路振广,张玉顺,等.冬小麦生长性状及耗水特性对水分亏缺的响应[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):115-120,125.
[16]BOUTRAA T,AKHKHA A,ALSHOAIBI A A,et al.Effect of water stress on growth and water use efficiency(WUE)of some wheat cultivars(Triticum durum)grown in Saudi Arabia[J].Journal of Taibah University for Science,2010(3):39-48.
[17]LIU FULAI,ANDERSEN MATHISA N,JACOBS-EN SVEN-ERIK,et al.Jensen Christian R.Stomatal control and water use efficiency of soybean(Glycine max L.Merr.)during progressive soil drying[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2005,54:33-40.
[2]张正斌.小麦水分利用效率若干问题探讨[J].麦类作物学报,1998(1):38-41.
[3]李彦彬,朱亚南,李道西,等.阶段干旱及复水对小麦生长发育、光合和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):76-82.
[4]刘丽平,欧阳竹,武兰芳,等.阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2797-2803.
[5]罗爱花,郭贤仕,柴守玺.水分胁迫对不同品种春小麦的水分利用率及生理指标的影响[J].干旱区研究,2008(5):683-689.
[6]柴雨葳,黄彩霞,陆军胜,等.水分胁迫条件下低温对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(4):53-58.
[7]王伟伟,于亮,钮力亚,等.不同水分处理对小麦产量及农艺性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(24):7-11.
[8]刘红杰,倪永静,任德超,等.不同灌水次数和施氮量对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(2):21-28.
[9]王家瑞,刘卫星,陈雨露,等.不同灌水模式对冬小麦产量及水分利用的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(10):1229-1236.
[10]李东晓,王红光,张迪,等.水分亏缺对不同小麦品种N、P、K分布与产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(8):1056-1064.
[11]相一杰,吴金芝,李友军,等.拔节后水分调控对矮抗58氮素吸收利用特性和蛋白质产量的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(04):787-793.
[12]王磊,董树亭,刘鹏,等.水氮互作对冬小麦光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):301-308.
[13]王怀苹,王守胜,宋玉超,等.高产多抗广适小麦新品种浚麦K8的选育及高产栽培技术[J].农业科技通讯,2013(8):17.
[14]祁有玲,张福仓,李开峰.水分亏缺和氮素对冬小麦生长及氮素吸收的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2399-2405.
[15]邱新强,路振广,张玉顺,等.冬小麦生长性状及耗水特性对水分亏缺的响应[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(9):115-120,125.
[16]BOUTRAA T,AKHKHA A,ALSHOAIBI A A,et al.Effect of water stress on growth and water use efficiency(WUE)of some wheat cultivars(Triticum durum)grown in Saudi Arabia[J].Journal of Taibah University for Science,2010(3):39-48.
[17]LIU FULAI,ANDERSEN MATHISA N,JACOBS-EN SVEN-ERIK,et al.Jensen Christian R.Stomatal control and water use efficiency of soybean(Glycine max L.Merr.)during progressive soil drying[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2005,54:33-40.