青岛及北京地区五年间空气中豚草花粉的调查与分析
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摘要
目的调查青岛及北京两地空气中豚草花粉的含量、分布规律,分析其变化特点。方法采用重力沉降法,于2010年至2015年,在青岛地区设2个监测点,在北京设1个监测点,每日进行花粉曝片,并结合野外调查。结果青岛地区豚草只有矮豚草,其花粉含量2010年为175粒(西部)、257粒(东部); 2011年为508粒(西部)、589粒(东部); 2015年为792粒(西部)。豚草花粉的飘散高峰期集中在8、9月份,8月下旬和9月上旬花粉含量最多。北京地区野外未见豚草大量繁殖地,2010年为4粒,2011年为2粒,2012～2015年未见。结论五年间青岛地区东西部花粉监测点均发现豚草花粉含量呈逐年增高,提示应重视豚草的蔓延和花粉症的防治。
Objective As an invasive species,ragweed not only destroys the local vegetation,but also easily causes allergic rhinitis and asthma. It is one of the most important allergens causing pollinosis in summer and autumn in China. We investigated the concentration and distribution of ragweed pollen and analyzed its changing profile in the air of Qingdao and Beijing. Methods Two monitoring stations( west and east) were set up in Qingdao,and one in Beijing,and data were collected from 2010 to 2015. The pollen in the air was collected by the gravity sedimentation method and identified under microscopes. Pollen exposure analysis was performed daily,combined with open field investigation. Results Only Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen were found in Qingdao. The pollen count was 175( west) and 257( east) in 2010; 508( west) and 589( east) in 2011; and 792( west) in 2015. The peak ragweed pollen concentration was in August and September,and reached its highest level in late August and early September. There was no breeding of ragweed in the wild near Beijing. Ragweed pollen count was 4 in 2010,2 in 2011,and was not observed under a microscope from 2012-2015 in Beijing. Conclusion During the five-year-experimental period,pollen monitoring stations in the eastern and western parts of Qingdao showed that the concentration of ragweed pollen in the air increased every year,suggesting that strategies should be devised to check the spread of ragweed pollen,and to prevent and control pollinosis.
Objective As an invasive species,ragweed not only destroys the local vegetation,but also easily causes allergic rhinitis and asthma. It is one of the most important allergens causing pollinosis in summer and autumn in China. We investigated the concentration and distribution of ragweed pollen and analyzed its changing profile in the air of Qingdao and Beijing. Methods Two monitoring stations( west and east) were set up in Qingdao,and one in Beijing,and data were collected from 2010 to 2015. The pollen in the air was collected by the gravity sedimentation method and identified under microscopes. Pollen exposure analysis was performed daily,combined with open field investigation. Results Only Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen were found in Qingdao. The pollen count was 175( west) and 257( east) in 2010; 508( west) and 589( east) in 2011; and 792( west) in 2015. The peak ragweed pollen concentration was in August and September,and reached its highest level in late August and early September. There was no breeding of ragweed in the wild near Beijing. Ragweed pollen count was 4 in 2010,2 in 2011,and was not observed under a microscope from 2012-2015 in Beijing. Conclusion During the five-year-experimental period,pollen monitoring stations in the eastern and western parts of Qingdao showed that the concentration of ragweed pollen in the air increased every year,suggesting that strategies should be devised to check the spread of ragweed pollen,and to prevent and control pollinosis.
引文
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[7]乔秉善.中国气传花粉和植物彩色图谱[M].2版.北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2014:4-80.
[8]de Weger LA,Pashley CH,ikoparija B,et al. The long distance transport of airborne Ambrosia pollen to the UK and the Netherlands from Central and south Europe[J].Int J Biometeorol,2016,60(12):1829-1839. doi:10.1007/s00484-016-1170-7.
[9]Ghiani A,Ciappetta S,Gentili R,et al. Is ragweed pollen allergenicity governed by environmental conditions during plant grow th and flow ering[J]. Sci Rep,2016,6:30438.doi:10.1038/srep30438.
[10]Bordas-Le Floch V,Groeme R,Chabre H,et al. New insights into ragweed pollen allergens[J]. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep,2015,15(11):63. doi:10.1007/s11882-015-0565-6.
[11] Smiljanic K,Apostolovic D,Trifunovic S,et al. Subpollen particles are rich carriers of major short ragw eed allergens and NADH dehydrogenases:quantitative proteomic and allergomic study[J]. Clin Exp Allergy,2017,47(6):815-828. doi:10.1111/cea.12874.
[12]刘杰,于红,张明,等.2010-2011年青岛市气传花粉调查[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2012,6(3):191-197. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2012.03.007.LIU Jie,YU Hong,ZHANG Ming,et al. Analysis of airborne pollens in Qingdao since 2010 to 2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,2012,6(3):191-197. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2012.03.007.
[13]何海娟,王良录,张宏誉.北京城区空气中花粉分析[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2008,2(3):179-183. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2008.03.003.HE Haijuan,WANG Lianglu,ZHANG Hongyu. Analysis of airborne pollens in Beijing urban area[J]. Chinese Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,2008,2(3):179-183. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2008.03.003.
[14]欧阳昱晖,张德山,范尔钟,等.夏秋季花粉症症状与花粉播散的相关性分析[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2012,47(8):623-627. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2012.08.003.OUYANG Yuhui,ZHANG Deshan,FAN Erzhong,et al.Correlation between symptoms of pollen allergic rhinitis and pollen grain spreading in summer and autumn[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,2012,47(8):623-627. doi:10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1673-0860.2012.08.003.
[15]Sommer J,Smith M,ikoparija B,et al. Risk of exposure to airborne Ambrosia pollen from local and distant sources in Europe-an example from Denmark[J]. Ann Agric Environ M ed,2015,22(4):625-631. doi:10.5604/12321966.1185764.
[2]Chen KW,Marusciac L,Tamas PT,et al. Ragweed pollen allergy:burden,characteristics,and management of an imported allergen source in Europe[J]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol,2018,176(3/4):163-180. doi:10.1159/000487997.
[3]Asero R,Bellotto E,Ghiani A,et al. Concomitant sensitization to ragw eed and mugw ort pollen:w ho is w ho in clinical allergy[J]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol,2014,113(3):307-313. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2014.06.009.
[4]Storkey J,Stratonovitch P,Chapman DS,et al. A processbased approach to predicting the effect of climate change on the distribution of an invasive allergenic plant in Europe[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(2):e88156. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088156.
[5]鹿道温,李明华,杨本应,等.大规模拔除豚草后对空气中花粉飘散的影响[J].中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,1992,12(1):49.
[6]于斌,鹿道温,刘杰.青岛地区豚草花粉症85例[J].山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报,2007,21(6):537-539. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-3770.2007.06.020.YU Bin,LU Daowen,LIU Jie. Ragweed pollenosis in the Qingdao area:a report of 85 cases[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology Ophthalmology of Shandong University,2007,21(6):537-539. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-3770.2007.06.020.
[7]乔秉善.中国气传花粉和植物彩色图谱[M].2版.北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2014:4-80.
[8]de Weger LA,Pashley CH,ikoparija B,et al. The long distance transport of airborne Ambrosia pollen to the UK and the Netherlands from Central and south Europe[J].Int J Biometeorol,2016,60(12):1829-1839. doi:10.1007/s00484-016-1170-7.
[9]Ghiani A,Ciappetta S,Gentili R,et al. Is ragweed pollen allergenicity governed by environmental conditions during plant grow th and flow ering[J]. Sci Rep,2016,6:30438.doi:10.1038/srep30438.
[10]Bordas-Le Floch V,Groeme R,Chabre H,et al. New insights into ragweed pollen allergens[J]. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep,2015,15(11):63. doi:10.1007/s11882-015-0565-6.
[11] Smiljanic K,Apostolovic D,Trifunovic S,et al. Subpollen particles are rich carriers of major short ragw eed allergens and NADH dehydrogenases:quantitative proteomic and allergomic study[J]. Clin Exp Allergy,2017,47(6):815-828. doi:10.1111/cea.12874.
[12]刘杰,于红,张明,等.2010-2011年青岛市气传花粉调查[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2012,6(3):191-197. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2012.03.007.LIU Jie,YU Hong,ZHANG Ming,et al. Analysis of airborne pollens in Qingdao since 2010 to 2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,2012,6(3):191-197. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2012.03.007.
[13]何海娟,王良录,张宏誉.北京城区空气中花粉分析[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2008,2(3):179-183. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2008.03.003.HE Haijuan,WANG Lianglu,ZHANG Hongyu. Analysis of airborne pollens in Beijing urban area[J]. Chinese Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,2008,2(3):179-183. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8705.2008.03.003.
[14]欧阳昱晖,张德山,范尔钟,等.夏秋季花粉症症状与花粉播散的相关性分析[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2012,47(8):623-627. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2012.08.003.OUYANG Yuhui,ZHANG Deshan,FAN Erzhong,et al.Correlation between symptoms of pollen allergic rhinitis and pollen grain spreading in summer and autumn[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,2012,47(8):623-627. doi:10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1673-0860.2012.08.003.
[15]Sommer J,Smith M,ikoparija B,et al. Risk of exposure to airborne Ambrosia pollen from local and distant sources in Europe-an example from Denmark[J]. Ann Agric Environ M ed,2015,22(4):625-631. doi:10.5604/12321966.1185764.