准噶尔盆地南北缘荒漠种子植物区系特征
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摘要
【目的】研究准噶尔盆地荒漠植物区系特征,分析该地区植物区系的科属组成、地理成分和植物生活型及生态型等特征,为干旱区经济和环境协调发展、荒漠生态环境及生物多样性的保护提供科学依据。【方法】以准噶尔盆地为对象,通过野外调查,采集植物标本以及相关资料的整理,分析准噶尔盆地南北缘地区荒漠植物进行了组成特征及区系的地理成分。【结果】(1)准噶尔盆地南北缘地区植物种质资源相对丰富,种子植物共679种,隶属于46科238属。(2)按科内含种数多少排序,优势科有菊科、藜科、豆科、十字花科、禾本科等。(3)植物生活型以草本为主,占总种数的87.63%。(4)区系地理成分以温带分布型为主,科、属分别占其总数的58.70%、84.45%。(5)南缘与北缘地区的植物具有较高的相似性,其科、属、种的相似值分别为75%、58.13%、39.58%。【结论】准噶尔盆地南北缘地区的植物分布特征具有较高的相似性,也存在一定的差异性。
【Objective】 This project aims to study the characteristics of desert flora in the northern and southern margins of Junggar Basin and to reveal the family and genus composition, geographical composition, plant life form and ecotype of the flora in this area, it is expected that the economic and environmental development in arid areas will be coordinated and scientific basis for the protection of desert ecological environment and biodiversity will be provided.【Method】In the Junggar Basin, field surveys, collection of plant specimens, and organize related books were conducted. Taking Junggar Basin as an object, through field investigation, collection of plant specimens and arrangement of related data, the composition characteristics and floristic geographical components of desert plants in the northern and southern margin of Junggar Basin were analyzed.【Result】(1)The results showed that the germplasm resource in the studied areas were relatively abundant which included 679 seed plant species belonging to 46 families and 238 genera.(2)Sort by the number of species in the family that the dominant families were compositae, chenopodiaceae, leguminosae, cruciferae and gramineae.(3)The plant life forms were mainly herb, which accounted for 87.65%.(4)The geographic element of the flora was mainly temperate element, families and genera distributed accounted for 58.70%, 84.45% of the total families, respectively;(5)The plants in the southern margin and the northern margin had higher similarity, and the similar values of families, genera and species were 75%, 58.13% and 39.58%, respectively.【Conclusion】The distribution characteristics of plants in the northern and southern margin of Junggar Basin have high similarity, but there are also some differences.
【Objective】 This project aims to study the characteristics of desert flora in the northern and southern margins of Junggar Basin and to reveal the family and genus composition, geographical composition, plant life form and ecotype of the flora in this area, it is expected that the economic and environmental development in arid areas will be coordinated and scientific basis for the protection of desert ecological environment and biodiversity will be provided.【Method】In the Junggar Basin, field surveys, collection of plant specimens, and organize related books were conducted. Taking Junggar Basin as an object, through field investigation, collection of plant specimens and arrangement of related data, the composition characteristics and floristic geographical components of desert plants in the northern and southern margin of Junggar Basin were analyzed.【Result】(1)The results showed that the germplasm resource in the studied areas were relatively abundant which included 679 seed plant species belonging to 46 families and 238 genera.(2)Sort by the number of species in the family that the dominant families were compositae, chenopodiaceae, leguminosae, cruciferae and gramineae.(3)The plant life forms were mainly herb, which accounted for 87.65%.(4)The geographic element of the flora was mainly temperate element, families and genera distributed accounted for 58.70%, 84.45% of the total families, respectively;(5)The plants in the southern margin and the northern margin had higher similarity, and the similar values of families, genera and species were 75%, 58.13% and 39.58%, respectively.【Conclusion】The distribution characteristics of plants in the northern and southern margin of Junggar Basin have high similarity, but there are also some differences.
引文
[1] 陈丽,尹林克,严成,等.博格达山西北麓低山丘陵区种子植物区系研究:以乌鲁木齐东南部"荒山"为例[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(4):568-576.CHEN Li,YIN Lin-ke,YAN Cheng,et al.(2006).Study of the flora of seed plant in the northwest piedmont of Bogda Mountain-a case study in the deserted mountain at southeast of Urumqi [J].Arid Zone Research,23(4):568-576.(in Chinese)
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[5] 陈曦.中国干旱区自然地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.CHEN Xi.(2010).Physical Geography of Arid Land in China [M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
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[7] 刘佳,阎平,翟伟,等.新疆玛纳斯河中上游低山荒漠种子植物区系特征[J].草业科学,2019,36(1):83-92.LIU Jia,YAN Ping,ZHAI Wei,et al.(2019).Floristic characteristics of seed plants in low mountain deserts in the upper and middle reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang [J].Pracacultural Science,36(1):83-92.(in Chinese)
[8] 徐文轩,连仲民,徐婷,等.新疆准噶尔盆地荒漠草地水源圈植物群落退化格局[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):104-110.XU Wen-xuan,LIAN Zhong-min,XU Ting,et al.(2016).Degradation pattern of desert steppe plant community around a piosphere in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,35(1):104-110.(in Chinese)
[9] 潘晓玲,张宏达.准噶尔盆地植被特点与植物区系形成的探讨[J].中山大学学报论丛,1996,(2):97-101.PAN Xiao-ling,ZHANG Hong-da.(1996).Research on the characteristics of vegetation and the forming of flora in Junggar basin,Xinjiang [J].Supplement to the Journal of Sun Yatsen University,(2):97-101.(in Chinese)
[10] 程芸,袁磊.新疆植物特有种的地理分布规律[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):854-859.CHENG Yun,YUAN Lei.(2011).Study on geographic distribution of endemic plant species in Xinjiang [J].Arid Zone Research,28(5):854-859.(in Chinese)
[11] 楚光明,刘娜,牛攀新,等.准噶尔盆地三种荒漠植物木质部导管解剖特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(2):104-109.CHU Guang-ming,LIU Na,NIU Pan-xin,et al.(2016).The anatomy characteristics of xylem vessel of three typical desert plants in Junggar basin [J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,30(2):104-109.(in Chinese)
[12] 王荷生.华北植物区系地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.WANG He-sheng.(1997).China Flora Geography [M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[13] 高木木,阎平,李学禹.新疆棘豆属物种多样性分析[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(3):384-389.GAO Mu-mu,YAN Ping,LI Xue-yu.(2009).Analysis on species diversity of Oxytropis in Xinjiang [J].Arid Zone Research,26(3):384-389.(in Chinese)
[14] 张存厚.浑善达克沙地种子植物区系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士论文,2004.ZHANG Cun-hou.(2004).Study on the floristic diversity of seed plants in Hunshandake Sand [D].Master Dissertation.Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot.(in Chinese)
[15] 吴征镒,周浙昆,孙航,等.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:60-71.WU Zheng-yi,ZHOU Zhe-kun,SUN Hang,et al.(2006).The Areal-types of Seed Plants and Their Origin and Differentiation [M].Kunming:Yunnan Science& Technology Press:60-71.(in Chinese)
[16] 中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物科属检索表(1-5)[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences.(1979).Claves Familiarum Generumque Cormophytorum Sinicorum(1-5)[M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[17] 张立运.新疆莫索湾地区短命植物的初步研究[J].植物生态学报,1985,9(3):51-60.ZHANG Li-yun.(1985).A preliminary study on the ephemerals in the Mosowan district,Xinjiang [J].Acta Phytoecoligica et Geobotanica Sinica,9(3):51-60.(in Chinese)
[18] 黄培佑,黄丕振,顾春光.新疆玛纳斯湖的干涸对周围植被影响初探[J].干旱区地理,1987,10(4):34-40.HUANG Pei-you,HUANG Pei-zhen,GU Chun-guang.(1987).Preliminary study about the impact of dry up of Manasi Lake on vegetation [J].Arid Land Geography,10(4):34-40.(in Chinese)
[19] 新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志(1-6)[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992-2004.Editorial Board of Flora of Xinjiang.(1992-2004).Flora of Xinjiang(1-6)[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press.(in Chinese)
[20] 中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(1-80)[M].北京:科学出版社,1 959-2 004.Editorial Board of Flora of China.(1959-2004).Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae(1-80)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1,959-2,004.(in Chinese)
[21] 中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴(1-5,补1-2)[M].北京:科学出版社,1972-1983.Institute of Botany,The Chinese Academy of Sciences.(1972-1983).Chinese Higher Plant Illustration(1-5,Suppl.1-2)[M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[22] 李锡文.中国种子植物区系统计分析[J].云南植物研究,1996,18(4):363-384.LI Xi-wen.(1996).Floristic statistics and analyses of seed plants from China [J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,18(4):363-384.(in Chinese)
[23] 吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,(增刊Ⅳ):1-139.WU Zheng-yi.(1991).The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants [J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,(Supplement IV):1-139.(in Chinese)
[24] 张镱锂,张雪梅.植物区系地理研究中的重要参数:相似性系数[J].干旱区研究,1998,15(1):59-63.ZHANG Yi-li,ZHANG Xue-mei.(1998).Coefficient of similarity:An important parameter in floristic geography [J].Arid Zone Research,15(1):59-63.(in Chinese)
[2] 王荷生.植物区系地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.WANG He-sheng.(1992).Floristic Geography [M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[3] 斯行健.新疆西北部准噶尔盆地中生代含油地层的植物群[J].古生物学报,1956,4(4):461-476.SI Xing-jian.(1956).The fossil flora of the mesozoic oil-bearing deposits of the Junggar Basin,northwestern Sinkiang [J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,4(4):461-476.(in Chinese)
[4] 孙惠玲,马剑英,王绍明,等.准噶尔盆地荒漠植物碳同位素组成研究[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(6):972-976.SUN Hui-ling,MA Jian-ying,WANG Shao-ming.(2007).The study of stable carbon isotope composition in desert plants of Junggar Basin [J].Journal of Desert Research,27(6):972-976.(in Chinese)
[5] 陈曦.中国干旱区自然地理[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.CHEN Xi.(2010).Physical Geography of Arid Land in China [M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[6] 李红颖,刘果厚,刘利红,等.二连浩特地区种子植物区系研究[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(4):35-41.LI Hong-ying,LIU Guo-hou,LIU Li-hong,et al.(2016).Studies on seed plant flora of Erlianhot [J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,38(4):35-41.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘佳,阎平,翟伟,等.新疆玛纳斯河中上游低山荒漠种子植物区系特征[J].草业科学,2019,36(1):83-92.LIU Jia,YAN Ping,ZHAI Wei,et al.(2019).Floristic characteristics of seed plants in low mountain deserts in the upper and middle reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang [J].Pracacultural Science,36(1):83-92.(in Chinese)
[8] 徐文轩,连仲民,徐婷,等.新疆准噶尔盆地荒漠草地水源圈植物群落退化格局[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):104-110.XU Wen-xuan,LIAN Zhong-min,XU Ting,et al.(2016).Degradation pattern of desert steppe plant community around a piosphere in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,35(1):104-110.(in Chinese)
[9] 潘晓玲,张宏达.准噶尔盆地植被特点与植物区系形成的探讨[J].中山大学学报论丛,1996,(2):97-101.PAN Xiao-ling,ZHANG Hong-da.(1996).Research on the characteristics of vegetation and the forming of flora in Junggar basin,Xinjiang [J].Supplement to the Journal of Sun Yatsen University,(2):97-101.(in Chinese)
[10] 程芸,袁磊.新疆植物特有种的地理分布规律[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):854-859.CHENG Yun,YUAN Lei.(2011).Study on geographic distribution of endemic plant species in Xinjiang [J].Arid Zone Research,28(5):854-859.(in Chinese)
[11] 楚光明,刘娜,牛攀新,等.准噶尔盆地三种荒漠植物木质部导管解剖特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(2):104-109.CHU Guang-ming,LIU Na,NIU Pan-xin,et al.(2016).The anatomy characteristics of xylem vessel of three typical desert plants in Junggar basin [J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,30(2):104-109.(in Chinese)
[12] 王荷生.华北植物区系地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.WANG He-sheng.(1997).China Flora Geography [M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[13] 高木木,阎平,李学禹.新疆棘豆属物种多样性分析[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(3):384-389.GAO Mu-mu,YAN Ping,LI Xue-yu.(2009).Analysis on species diversity of Oxytropis in Xinjiang [J].Arid Zone Research,26(3):384-389.(in Chinese)
[14] 张存厚.浑善达克沙地种子植物区系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学硕士论文,2004.ZHANG Cun-hou.(2004).Study on the floristic diversity of seed plants in Hunshandake Sand [D].Master Dissertation.Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot.(in Chinese)
[15] 吴征镒,周浙昆,孙航,等.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2006:60-71.WU Zheng-yi,ZHOU Zhe-kun,SUN Hang,et al.(2006).The Areal-types of Seed Plants and Their Origin and Differentiation [M].Kunming:Yunnan Science& Technology Press:60-71.(in Chinese)
[16] 中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物科属检索表(1-5)[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences.(1979).Claves Familiarum Generumque Cormophytorum Sinicorum(1-5)[M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[17] 张立运.新疆莫索湾地区短命植物的初步研究[J].植物生态学报,1985,9(3):51-60.ZHANG Li-yun.(1985).A preliminary study on the ephemerals in the Mosowan district,Xinjiang [J].Acta Phytoecoligica et Geobotanica Sinica,9(3):51-60.(in Chinese)
[18] 黄培佑,黄丕振,顾春光.新疆玛纳斯湖的干涸对周围植被影响初探[J].干旱区地理,1987,10(4):34-40.HUANG Pei-you,HUANG Pei-zhen,GU Chun-guang.(1987).Preliminary study about the impact of dry up of Manasi Lake on vegetation [J].Arid Land Geography,10(4):34-40.(in Chinese)
[19] 新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志(1-6)[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1992-2004.Editorial Board of Flora of Xinjiang.(1992-2004).Flora of Xinjiang(1-6)[M].Urumqi:Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press.(in Chinese)
[20] 中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(1-80)[M].北京:科学出版社,1 959-2 004.Editorial Board of Flora of China.(1959-2004).Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae(1-80)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1,959-2,004.(in Chinese)
[21] 中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴(1-5,补1-2)[M].北京:科学出版社,1972-1983.Institute of Botany,The Chinese Academy of Sciences.(1972-1983).Chinese Higher Plant Illustration(1-5,Suppl.1-2)[M].Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
[22] 李锡文.中国种子植物区系统计分析[J].云南植物研究,1996,18(4):363-384.LI Xi-wen.(1996).Floristic statistics and analyses of seed plants from China [J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,18(4):363-384.(in Chinese)
[23] 吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,(增刊Ⅳ):1-139.WU Zheng-yi.(1991).The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants [J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,(Supplement IV):1-139.(in Chinese)
[24] 张镱锂,张雪梅.植物区系地理研究中的重要参数:相似性系数[J].干旱区研究,1998,15(1):59-63.ZHANG Yi-li,ZHANG Xue-mei.(1998).Coefficient of similarity:An important parameter in floristic geography [J].Arid Zone Research,15(1):59-63.(in Chinese)