基于Landsat影像的广东省重点生态功能区生态功能状况及其变化评价
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摘要
针对重点生态功能区开展监测与评价对于生态保护和环境治理的意义重大。以广东省第一批被纳入生态补偿区域的11个国家重点生态功能区为研究区,采用2011年至2015年的5期Landsat卫星遥感影像,通过目视解译的方法提取研究区的土地利用/覆盖类型,并结合野外核查及统计资料,分析了该11个县域的生态功能状况现状及其变化。结果表明:(1)2015年全部11个县域的生态功能状况均为优或良级别,但相互之间具有一定的区域差异性。生态功能状况指数(FEI)最高的是乳源瑶族自治县,为71.11,最低的是南雄市,为61.20。(2)2015年与2011年相比,广东省11个国家重点生态功能区的功能状况指数变化幅度(ΔFEI)为–0.50—2.50。仁化县、乳源瑶族自治县、南雄市、平远县、蕉岭县、龙川县和连平县等7个县域的生态功能状况无明显变化(|ΔFEI|<1);始兴县、兴宁县及和平县等3个县域的生态功能状况略微变化(1≤|ΔFEI|<2),其中,始兴县和兴宁县2015年的生态功能状况略微优于2011年(1≤ΔFEI<2),而和平县2015年的生态功能状况略微变差(–1≥ΔFEI>–2);另外,乐昌市2015年的生态功能状况明显变好(2≤ΔFEI<4)。(3)2011年至2015年期间,全部县域的生态功能状况保持稳定,其变化趋势均不显著(|Rs|≤0.9)。
It is very important for ecological protection and environmental governance to carry out the project of monitoring and evaluation of the key ecological function zones. This study analyzed the ecological function statuses and the ecological function change of 11 national key ecological function zones in Guangdong Province, which were chosen as the first 11 ecological compensation regions in Guangdong Province. Land use/cover data extracted from Landsat series images by visual interpretation, field inspection data, and statistical data from 2011 to 2015 were used in this study. The results showed that:(1) in2015, the ecological function statuses of the 11 regions were all excellent or good but still had regional differences. The Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County had the highest ecological function index(FEI=71.11) while the Nanxiong City had the lowest FEI(61.20).(2) Compared to 2011, the change rates of FEI in 11 national key ecological function zones were ranging from -0.50 to 2.50 in 2015. 7 counties almost had no change in ecological function statuses(|ΔFEI|<1), such as the Renhua County. In addition, 3 counties changed slightly in ecological function status(1≤|ΔFEI|<2). Among these counties, Shixing County and Xingning County had a better ecological function status(1≤ΔFEI<2) while the ecological function status in Heping got worse(-1≥ΔFEI>-2);Moreover, the ecological function status in Lechang City got better significantly than before(2≤ΔFEI<4).(3) From 2011 to 2015,the ecological function statuses of all the counties remained stable and without obvious variation trend(-0.9
It is very important for ecological protection and environmental governance to carry out the project of monitoring and evaluation of the key ecological function zones. This study analyzed the ecological function statuses and the ecological function change of 11 national key ecological function zones in Guangdong Province, which were chosen as the first 11 ecological compensation regions in Guangdong Province. Land use/cover data extracted from Landsat series images by visual interpretation, field inspection data, and statistical data from 2011 to 2015 were used in this study. The results showed that:(1) in2015, the ecological function statuses of the 11 regions were all excellent or good but still had regional differences. The Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County had the highest ecological function index(FEI=71.11) while the Nanxiong City had the lowest FEI(61.20).(2) Compared to 2011, the change rates of FEI in 11 national key ecological function zones were ranging from -0.50 to 2.50 in 2015. 7 counties almost had no change in ecological function statuses(|ΔFEI|<1), such as the Renhua County. In addition, 3 counties changed slightly in ecological function status(1≤|ΔFEI|<2). Among these counties, Shixing County and Xingning County had a better ecological function status(1≤ΔFEI<2) while the ecological function status in Heping got worse(-1≥ΔFEI>-2);Moreover, the ecological function status in Lechang City got better significantly than before(2≤ΔFEI<4).(3) From 2011 to 2015,the ecological function statuses of all the counties remained stable and without obvious variation trend(-0.9
引文
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[2]李国平,李潇.国家重点生态功能区转移支付资金分配机制研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(5):124-130.
[3]何立环,刘海江,李宝林,等.国家重点生态功能区县域生态环境质量考核评价指标体系设计与应用实践[J].环境保护,2014,42(12):42-45.
[4]财政部.关于印发《中央对地方重点生态功能区转移支付办法》的通知[J].当代农村财经,2017(11):48-49.
[5]SANTOS R,RING I,ANTUNES P,et al.Fiscal transfers for biodiversity conservation:the Portuguese Local Finances Law[J].Land Use Policy,2012,29(2):261-273.
[6]任世丹.重点生态功能区生态补偿正当性理论新探[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(1):17-21.
[7]李国平,张文彬,李潇.国家重点生态功能区生态补偿契约设计与分析[J].经济管理,2014,36(8):31-41.
[8]吴越.国外生态补偿的理论与实践——发达国家实施重点生态功能区生态补偿的经验及启示[J].环境保护,2014,42(12):21-24.
[9]张文彬,李国平.国家重点生态功能区转移支付动态激励效应分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(10):125-131.
[10]孔德帅.区域生态补偿机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017:8-38.
[11]樊杰.中国主体功能区划方案[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):186-201.
[12]潘星,胡可,石江南,等.RS和GIS支持下的国家重点生态功能区县生态功能区划分方法研究——以四川宝兴县为例[J].测绘,2016,39(2):60-64.
[13]张爱儒.青海藏区重要生态功能区生态环境承载力研究——以三江源生态功能区为例[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2015,43(3):62-71.
[14]孙小涛,周忠发,陈全,等.重点生态功能区水土流失敏感性评价与分布研究——以贵州省雷山县为例[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):73-78,133.
[15]吴丹,邹长新,高吉喜.我国重点生态功能区生态状况变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):703-707.
[16]吴丹,邹长新,高吉喜,等.水源涵养型重点生态功能区生态状况变化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(1):174-179.
[17]白力军,王玉华,布仁图雅,等.基于生态功能区评价的国家重点生态功能区县域生态功能状况指数变化探究[J].环境与发展,2017,29(4):209-210,213.
[18]满卫东,刘明月,李晓燕,等.1990-2015年三江平原生态功能区生态功能状况评估[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(2):136-141.
[19]环境保护部.HJ 192-2015,生态环境状况评价技术规范[S].2015.
[20]环境保护部环境监测司,环境保护部卫星环境应用中心.国家重点生态功能区县域生态环境质量考核环境卫星影像图集[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2013:212-223.
[21]黄丹雯.遥感监测,环境监测的“超级战将”[J].环境,2017,(7):78-79.
[22]万黎,毛炳启.Spearman秩相关系数的批量计算[J].环境保护科学,2008,(5):53-55,72.