水生态文明建设的公众参与意愿——5个国家级试点城市的1379份问卷调查
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摘要
在中国快速推进水生态文明建设的进程中,公众参与逐渐成为提升水生态文明建设效率的关键性因素。以湖北省5个国家级水生态文明城市的1379份调研问卷为研究样本,基于公众个体行为视角,通过构建结构方程模型,从环境、制度、认知3个层面划分了居民水生态文明建设参与意愿的影响因素,并研究其具体影响程度和存在的差异。研究结果表明:水生态环境状况、政府水生态文明建设工作、水生态文明认知对居民参与水生态文明建设意愿的影响系数分别为0.26、0.34、0.90;就目前公众参与意愿而言,水生态环境状况和政府对水生态文明建设的制度建设远不及公众对水生态文明建设的认知重要;在推进水生态环境治理和加强水生态文明制度建设的同时,当前公众参与的政策焦点应转变到提升公众的生态文明建设认知水平。
In the process of China's rapid promotion of water ecological civilization construction,public participation has gradually become the key factor to improve its efficiency. This study examined the effect of environmental, institutional, and cognitive factors on residents' willingness in participating in ecological civilization construction, using 1379 survey questionnaires from five national-level water ecological civilization construction pilot cities and a structural equation model under the conceptual framework of individual behavior. The empirical results show that the influence coefficients of water ecological environment, government's water ecological civilization construction effort, and cognition of water ecological civilization on residents' willingness to participate in water ecological civilization construction are 0.26, 0.34, and 0.90 respectively.Residents' cognition of ecological civilization is the most important positive influencing factor,and the positive impact of environmental and institutional factors on willingness remains to be improved. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the current construction of ecological civilization in China should focus on strengthening the cultivation of residents' ecological civilization cognition while dealing with environmental problems.
In the process of China's rapid promotion of water ecological civilization construction,public participation has gradually become the key factor to improve its efficiency. This study examined the effect of environmental, institutional, and cognitive factors on residents' willingness in participating in ecological civilization construction, using 1379 survey questionnaires from five national-level water ecological civilization construction pilot cities and a structural equation model under the conceptual framework of individual behavior. The empirical results show that the influence coefficients of water ecological environment, government's water ecological civilization construction effort, and cognition of water ecological civilization on residents' willingness to participate in water ecological civilization construction are 0.26, 0.34, and 0.90 respectively.Residents' cognition of ecological civilization is the most important positive influencing factor,and the positive impact of environmental and institutional factors on willingness remains to be improved. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the current construction of ecological civilization in China should focus on strengthening the cultivation of residents' ecological civilization cognition while dealing with environmental problems.
引文
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[3]Ruiz-Villaverde A,García-Rubio M A.Public Participation in European Water Management:from Theory to Practice[J].Water resources management,2017,31(08):2479-2495.
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[8]Stringer L C,Reed M S.Land degradation assessment in Southern Africa:Integrating local and scientific knowledge bases[J].Land Degradation&Development,2010,18(1):99-116.
[9]Zhu,Xiao;Wu,Kaijie.Public Participation in China’s Environmental Lawmaking:In Pursuit of Better Environmental Democracy[J].Journal of environmental law,2017,29(3):389-416.
[10]Sun,Linlin;Zhu,Dajian;Chan,Edwin H.W.Public participation impact on environment NIMBY conflict and environmental conflict management:Comparative analysis in Shanghai and Hong Kong[J].Land use policy,2016,58(12):208-217.
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[14]姚石,杨红娟.生态文明建设的关键因素识别[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(4):119-127.[Yao S,Yang H J.Identification of key factors of ecological civilization construction[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(4):119-127.]
[15]邓翠华.关于生态文明公众参与制度的思考[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2013,(10):48-52.[Deng C H.Thoughts on the public participation institution of ecological civilization[J].Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories,2013,(10):48-52.]
[16]赵万忠.我国生态文明建设的公众参与制度[J].经济与社会发展,2015,13(2):46-51.[Zhao W Z.The public participation institution of ecological civilization construction in China[J].Economic and Social Development,2015,13(2):46-51.]
[17]秦书生,张泓.公众参与生态文明建设探析[J].中州学刊,2014,(4):86-90.[Qing S S,Zhang H.Analysis on public participation in ecological civilization construction[J].Academic Journal of Zhongzhou,2014,(4):86-90.]
[18]张静,杨俊辉.新时期农村生态文明建设中的公众参与研究[J].农业经济,2016,(7):12-13.[Zhang J,Yang J H.Public participation in the construction of rural ecological civilization in the new era[J].Agricultural Economy,2016,(7):12-13.]
[19]王书明,杨洪星.加强生态文明建设的公众参与:基于厦门PX项目抗争事件的思考[J].科学与管理,2011,31(2):5-9.[Wang S M,Yang H X.On public participation in ecological civilization construction:The thinking based on Xiamen PX protest[J].Science and Management,2011,31(2):5-9.]
[20]施生旭,陈爱丽.我国生态文明建设中的公众参与问题研究[J].林业经济,2016,38(3):25-29.[Shi S X,Chen A L.Research on the public participation of ecological civilization construction in China[J].Forestry Economics,2016,38(3):25-29.]
[21]曹永森,王飞.多元主体参与:政府干预式微中的生态治理[J].求实,2011,(11):41-43.[Cao Y S,Wang F.Multi-agent participation:Ecological management in declining government intervention[J].Truth Seeking,2011,(11):41-43.]
[22]刘珊,梅国平.公众参与生态文明城市建设有效表达机制的构建:基于鄱阳湖生态经济区居民问卷调查的分析[J].生态经济,2014,30(2):41-44.[Liu S,Mei G P.The interest-expression mechanism construction of public participation in ecological civilization:Based on the results of the questionnaire of Poyang lake ecological economic zone in Jiangxi Province[J].Ecological Economy,2014,30(2):41-44.]
[23]曾婧婧,胡锦绣.中国公众环境参与的影响因子研究:基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(12):62-69.[Zeng J J,Hu J X.Factors contributing to environmental public participation in China:An empirical analysis of provincial panel data(2003-2012)[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(12):62-69.]
[24]张国兴,邓娜娜,管欣,等.公众环境监督行为、公众环境参与政策对工业污染治理效率的影响:基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2019,29(1):144-151.[Zhang G X,Deng N N,Guan X,et al.The impact of public environmental supervision behavior and public environmental participation policy on the efficiency of industrial pollution governance[J].China population,resources and environment,2019,29(1):144-151.]
[25]Ajzen I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior&Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[26]Cheung S F,Chan D K S,Wong Z S Y.Reexamining the theory of planned behavior in understanding wastepaper recycling[J].Environment&Behavior,1999,31(5):587-612.
[27]Tonglet M,Phillips P S,Read A D.Using the theory of planned behavior to investigate the determinants of recycling behavior:Acase study from Brixworth,UK[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2004,41(3):191-214.
[28]高琴,敖长林,毛碧琦,等.基于计划行为理论的湿地生态系统服务支付意愿及影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):893-901.[Gao Q,Ao C L,Mao B Q,et al.Analysis of willingness to pay for ecosystem services and influence factors based on the TPB[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):893-901.]
[29]Chan K.Mass communication and pro-environmental behavior:Waste recycling in Hong Kong[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1998,52(4):317-325.
[30]Kaiser F G,W?lfing S,Fuhrer U.Environmental attitude and ecological behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1999,19(1):1-19.
[31]Leeuw A D,Valois P,Ajzen I,et al.Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behavior in high-school students:Implications for educational interventions[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2015,42:128-138.
[32]Chen S C,Hung C W.Elucidating the factors influencing the acceptance of green products:An extension of theory of planned behavior[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2016,112:155-163.
[33]Bamberg S,Schmidt P.Incentives,morality,or habit?Predicting students’car use for university routes with the models of Ajzen,Schwartz,and Triandis[J].Environment&Behavior,2003,35(2):264-285.
[34]Kaiser F G,Gutscher H.The proposition of a general version of the theory of planned behavior:Predicting ecological behavior[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2003,33(3):586-603.
[35]Han H,Hsu L T,Sheu C.Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice:Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities[J].Tourism Management,2010,31(3):325-334.
[36]Wulf K D,Kenhove P V,Steenhaut S.The relationship between consumers’unethical behavior and customer loyalty in a retail environment[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2003,44(4):261-278.
[37]Conner M,Lawton R,Parker D,et al.Application of the theory of planned behavior to the prediction of objectively assessed breaking of posted speed limits[J].British Journal of Psychology,2011,98(3):429-453.
[38]Kraft P,Rise J,Sutton S,et al.Perceived difficulty in the theory of planned behavior:Perceived behavioral control or affective attitude?[J].British Journal of Social Psychology,2005,44(3):479-496.
[2]Drazkiewicz A,Challies E,Newig J.Public participation and local environmental planning:Testing factors influencing decision quality and implementation in four case studies from Germany[J].Land Use Policy,2015,46:211-222.
[3]Ruiz-Villaverde A,García-Rubio M A.Public Participation in European Water Management:from Theory to Practice[J].Water resources management,2017,31(08):2479-2495.
[4]Tatenhove J P M,Leroy P.Environment and participation in a context of political modernisation[J].Environmental Values,2003,12(2):155-174.
[5]Pretty J N.Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture[J].World Development,1995,23(8):1247-1263.
[6]Tisseron C.United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED).1992.Rio de Janeiro[J].Environmental Politics,1992,1(4):250-261.
[7]Lawrence A.‘No personal motive?’Volunteers,biodiversity,and the false dichotomies of participation[J].Ethics Place&Environment,2006,9(3):279-298.
[8]Stringer L C,Reed M S.Land degradation assessment in Southern Africa:Integrating local and scientific knowledge bases[J].Land Degradation&Development,2010,18(1):99-116.
[9]Zhu,Xiao;Wu,Kaijie.Public Participation in China’s Environmental Lawmaking:In Pursuit of Better Environmental Democracy[J].Journal of environmental law,2017,29(3):389-416.
[10]Sun,Linlin;Zhu,Dajian;Chan,Edwin H.W.Public participation impact on environment NIMBY conflict and environmental conflict management:Comparative analysis in Shanghai and Hong Kong[J].Land use policy,2016,58(12):208-217.
[11]谷树忠,胡咏君,周洪.生态文明建设的科学内涵与基本路径[J].资源科学,2013,35(1):2-13.[Gu S Z,Hu Y J,Zhou H.Ecological civilization construction:Scientific connotation and basic paths[J].Resources Science,2013,35(1):2-13.]
[12]左其亭,罗增良,马军霞.水生态文明建设理论体系研究[J].人民长江,2015,46(8):1-6.[Zuo Q T,Luo Z L,Ma J X.Study on theoretical system of water ecological civilization construction[J].Yangtze River,2015,46(8):1-6.]
[13]中共中央国务院.关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见[J].中国资源综合利用,2015,(5):3-9.[The State Council of the People’s Republic of China.Suggestions on accelerating the construction of ecological civilization[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2015,(5):3-9.]
[14]姚石,杨红娟.生态文明建设的关键因素识别[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(4):119-127.[Yao S,Yang H J.Identification of key factors of ecological civilization construction[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2017,27(4):119-127.]
[15]邓翠华.关于生态文明公众参与制度的思考[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2013,(10):48-52.[Deng C H.Thoughts on the public participation institution of ecological civilization[J].Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories,2013,(10):48-52.]
[16]赵万忠.我国生态文明建设的公众参与制度[J].经济与社会发展,2015,13(2):46-51.[Zhao W Z.The public participation institution of ecological civilization construction in China[J].Economic and Social Development,2015,13(2):46-51.]
[17]秦书生,张泓.公众参与生态文明建设探析[J].中州学刊,2014,(4):86-90.[Qing S S,Zhang H.Analysis on public participation in ecological civilization construction[J].Academic Journal of Zhongzhou,2014,(4):86-90.]
[18]张静,杨俊辉.新时期农村生态文明建设中的公众参与研究[J].农业经济,2016,(7):12-13.[Zhang J,Yang J H.Public participation in the construction of rural ecological civilization in the new era[J].Agricultural Economy,2016,(7):12-13.]
[19]王书明,杨洪星.加强生态文明建设的公众参与:基于厦门PX项目抗争事件的思考[J].科学与管理,2011,31(2):5-9.[Wang S M,Yang H X.On public participation in ecological civilization construction:The thinking based on Xiamen PX protest[J].Science and Management,2011,31(2):5-9.]
[20]施生旭,陈爱丽.我国生态文明建设中的公众参与问题研究[J].林业经济,2016,38(3):25-29.[Shi S X,Chen A L.Research on the public participation of ecological civilization construction in China[J].Forestry Economics,2016,38(3):25-29.]
[21]曹永森,王飞.多元主体参与:政府干预式微中的生态治理[J].求实,2011,(11):41-43.[Cao Y S,Wang F.Multi-agent participation:Ecological management in declining government intervention[J].Truth Seeking,2011,(11):41-43.]
[22]刘珊,梅国平.公众参与生态文明城市建设有效表达机制的构建:基于鄱阳湖生态经济区居民问卷调查的分析[J].生态经济,2014,30(2):41-44.[Liu S,Mei G P.The interest-expression mechanism construction of public participation in ecological civilization:Based on the results of the questionnaire of Poyang lake ecological economic zone in Jiangxi Province[J].Ecological Economy,2014,30(2):41-44.]
[23]曾婧婧,胡锦绣.中国公众环境参与的影响因子研究:基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(12):62-69.[Zeng J J,Hu J X.Factors contributing to environmental public participation in China:An empirical analysis of provincial panel data(2003-2012)[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(12):62-69.]
[24]张国兴,邓娜娜,管欣,等.公众环境监督行为、公众环境参与政策对工业污染治理效率的影响:基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2019,29(1):144-151.[Zhang G X,Deng N N,Guan X,et al.The impact of public environmental supervision behavior and public environmental participation policy on the efficiency of industrial pollution governance[J].China population,resources and environment,2019,29(1):144-151.]
[25]Ajzen I.The theory of planned behavior[J].Organizational Behavior&Human Decision Processes,1991,50(2):179-211.
[26]Cheung S F,Chan D K S,Wong Z S Y.Reexamining the theory of planned behavior in understanding wastepaper recycling[J].Environment&Behavior,1999,31(5):587-612.
[27]Tonglet M,Phillips P S,Read A D.Using the theory of planned behavior to investigate the determinants of recycling behavior:Acase study from Brixworth,UK[J].Resources Conservation&Recycling,2004,41(3):191-214.
[28]高琴,敖长林,毛碧琦,等.基于计划行为理论的湿地生态系统服务支付意愿及影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):893-901.[Gao Q,Ao C L,Mao B Q,et al.Analysis of willingness to pay for ecosystem services and influence factors based on the TPB[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):893-901.]
[29]Chan K.Mass communication and pro-environmental behavior:Waste recycling in Hong Kong[J].Journal of Environmental Management,1998,52(4):317-325.
[30]Kaiser F G,W?lfing S,Fuhrer U.Environmental attitude and ecological behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1999,19(1):1-19.
[31]Leeuw A D,Valois P,Ajzen I,et al.Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behavior in high-school students:Implications for educational interventions[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2015,42:128-138.
[32]Chen S C,Hung C W.Elucidating the factors influencing the acceptance of green products:An extension of theory of planned behavior[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2016,112:155-163.
[33]Bamberg S,Schmidt P.Incentives,morality,or habit?Predicting students’car use for university routes with the models of Ajzen,Schwartz,and Triandis[J].Environment&Behavior,2003,35(2):264-285.
[34]Kaiser F G,Gutscher H.The proposition of a general version of the theory of planned behavior:Predicting ecological behavior[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2003,33(3):586-603.
[35]Han H,Hsu L T,Sheu C.Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice:Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities[J].Tourism Management,2010,31(3):325-334.
[36]Wulf K D,Kenhove P V,Steenhaut S.The relationship between consumers’unethical behavior and customer loyalty in a retail environment[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2003,44(4):261-278.
[37]Conner M,Lawton R,Parker D,et al.Application of the theory of planned behavior to the prediction of objectively assessed breaking of posted speed limits[J].British Journal of Psychology,2011,98(3):429-453.
[38]Kraft P,Rise J,Sutton S,et al.Perceived difficulty in the theory of planned behavior:Perceived behavioral control or affective attitude?[J].British Journal of Social Psychology,2005,44(3):479-496.