中国典型城市政府绿色竞争力测评与区域碳减排实证研究
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摘要
基于显示性比较优势指数构建政府绿色竞争力指数模型,测评2005-2016年21个低碳试点城市政府绿色竞争力。测评显示:目前多数城市政府绿色竞争力较弱,其中,北京、保定等11个城市政府绿色竞争力呈上升态势,上海、重庆等7个城市相对平稳,青岛、镇江、遵义3个城市呈下降趋势。采用系统GMM方法研究政府绿色竞争力对区域碳排放的影响及对其他碳排放影响因素的传递作用。结果显示:提升政府绿色竞争力促进了碳减排方案的实施,城镇化率与能源结构的调整间接地抑制了碳排放;在政府绿色竞争力作用下,东部和中部城市的能源结构、产业结构对碳减排贡献增加,西部城市的人口规模对碳减排贡献降低,中部城市在技术创新对碳减排贡献方面优于东、西部城市。基于此,应在提升政府绿色竞争力、优化财政节能减排支出结构、加快税制改革、完善税收体系、构建政府间协同减排机制、实施新旧动能转换等方面采取措施,以推进城市低碳化转型发展。
Based on the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, the green competitiveness index of governments was constructed to evaluate the government green competitiveness of 21 pilot low-carbon cities. The results show that the green competitiveness of most city governments is weak at present. Among them, the green competitiveness of government in 11 cities such as Beijing and Baoding is on the rise, 7 cities including Shanghai and Chongqing have been relatively stable for 10 years,and 3 cities, i.e. Qingdao, Zhenjiang, and Zunyi are on the decline. The System GMM Method is used to study the influence of government green competitiveness on regional carbon emission and transfer effect on other carbon emission influencing factors. The results show that improving the government green competitiveness has promoted the implementation of carbon emission reduction programs, and the adjustment of urbanization rate and energy structure indirectly restrains carbon emissions. Taking the factor of the government's green competitiveness into account, the energy structure and industrial structure of eastern and central cities contribute more to carbon emission reduction, the population size of western cities contributes less to carbon emission reduction,and the contribution of technological innovation to carbon emission reduction in central cities is better than that in eastern and western cities. Based on this, measures should be taken to improve the green competitiveness of the governments, optimize the expenditure structure of fiscal energy-saving and emission reduction, accelerate the tax reform, improve the tax system, construct a coordinated inter-government carbon emission mechanism, and implement the transformation of new and old kinetic energy, so as to promote the low-carbon transformation and development of cities.
Based on the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, the green competitiveness index of governments was constructed to evaluate the government green competitiveness of 21 pilot low-carbon cities. The results show that the green competitiveness of most city governments is weak at present. Among them, the green competitiveness of government in 11 cities such as Beijing and Baoding is on the rise, 7 cities including Shanghai and Chongqing have been relatively stable for 10 years,and 3 cities, i.e. Qingdao, Zhenjiang, and Zunyi are on the decline. The System GMM Method is used to study the influence of government green competitiveness on regional carbon emission and transfer effect on other carbon emission influencing factors. The results show that improving the government green competitiveness has promoted the implementation of carbon emission reduction programs, and the adjustment of urbanization rate and energy structure indirectly restrains carbon emissions. Taking the factor of the government's green competitiveness into account, the energy structure and industrial structure of eastern and central cities contribute more to carbon emission reduction, the population size of western cities contributes less to carbon emission reduction,and the contribution of technological innovation to carbon emission reduction in central cities is better than that in eastern and western cities. Based on this, measures should be taken to improve the green competitiveness of the governments, optimize the expenditure structure of fiscal energy-saving and emission reduction, accelerate the tax reform, improve the tax system, construct a coordinated inter-government carbon emission mechanism, and implement the transformation of new and old kinetic energy, so as to promote the low-carbon transformation and development of cities.
引文
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[2]薄凡,庄贵阳.“低碳+”战略引领新时代绿色转型发展的方向和路径[J].企业经济,2018(1):19-23.
[3]Porter M E.The competitive advantage of nations.New York,the free press[J].Competitive Intelligence Review,1990,1(1):427.
[4]李琳,王足.我国区域制造业绿色竞争力评价及动态比较[J].经济问题探索,2017(1):68-75.
[5]汤飚.论绿色经济环境下我国企业绿色竞争力的打造[J].商业时代,2014(25):100-101.
[6]石泓,付滨.透过“元宝曲线”探析企业绿色竞争力的战略选择[J].生态经济,2014,30(1):104-106.
[7]Ramanathan R,He Q,Black A,et al.Environmental regulations,innovation and firm performance:a revisit of the Porter hypothesis[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,155(2):79-92.
[8]王丽霞,陈新国,姚西龙.环境规制政策对工业企业绿色发展绩效影响的门限效应研究[J].经济问题,2018(1):78-81.
[9]张娟.资源型城市环境规制的经济增长效应及其传导机制-基于创新补偿与产业结构升级的双重视角[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(10):39-46.
[10]余东华,孙婷.环境规制、技能溢价与制造业国际竞争力[J].中国工业经济,2017(5):35-53.
[11]A??c?A A,Acar S.How does environmental regulation affect production location of Non-carbon Ecological Footprint?[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018(178):927-936.
[12]王军,耿建.企业绿色竞争力评价模型构建及应用[J].统计与决策,2012(22):169-171.
[13]李琳,王足.我国区域制造业绿色竞争力评价及动态比较[J].经济问题探索,2017(1):64-71+81.
[14]刘海滨,周佳宁.煤炭资源型城市绿色竞争力影响因素识别研究[J].中国煤炭,2018,44(3):15-19.
[15]臧传琴,陈蒙.财政环境保护支出效应分析-基于2007-2015年中国30个省份的面板数据[J].财经科学,2018(6):68-79.
[16]Balassa B.Trade liberalization and“revealed”comparative advantage[J].Manchester School,1965,33(2):99-123.
[17]Yeats A J.On the appropriate interpretation of the revealed comparative advantage index:implications of a methodology based on industry sector analysis[J].Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv,1985,121(1):61-73.
[18]Laursen K.Revealed comparative advantage and the alternatives as measures of international specialization[J].Eurasian Business Review,2015,5(1):99-115.
[19]武晓利.能源价格、环保技术与生态环境质量-基于包含碳排放DSGE模型的分析[J].软科学,2017,31(7):116-120.
[20]邱强,顾尤莉.国际能源价格波动对我国碳排放影响的效应研究-基于岭回归分析[J].国际商务研究,2017,38(5):35-46.
[21]周少甫,蔡梦宁.城市化、碳排放与经济增长关系的实证分析[J].统计与决策,2017(2):130-132.
[22]Loesse Jacques Esso,Yaya Keho.Energy consumption,economic growth and carbon emissions:cointegration and causality evidence from selected African countries[J].Energy,2016,114:492-497.
[23]李鹏涛.中国环境库兹涅茨曲线的实证分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(S1):22-24.
[24]姚增福,刘欣.要素禀赋结构升级、异质性人力资本与农业环境效率[J].人口与经济,2018(2):37-47.
[25]曹丽斌,蔡博峰,王金南.中国城市产业结构与CO2排放的耦合关系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(2):10-14.
[26]林伯强,王锋.能源价格上涨对中国一般价格水平的影响[J].经济研究,2009,44(12):66-79+150.
[27]邱立新,袁赛.中国典型城市碳排放特征及峰值预测-基于“脱钩”分析与EKC假设的再验证[J].商业研究,2018(7):50-58.
[28]林善浪,张作雄,刘国平.技术创新、空间集聚与区域碳生产率[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2013,23(5):36-45.
[29]Nguyen T A T,Chou S Y.Impact of government subsidies on economic feasibility of off shore wind system:implications for Taiwan energy policies[J].Applied Energy,2018(217):336-345.
[30]伍红,李姗姗.绿色发展指标下促进生态文明先行示范区建设的税收政策完善[J].税务研究,2018(1):88-92.