不同原料生物炭对NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P吸附性能的差异性及其成因分析
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摘要
以芦苇、小麦秸秆和竹子为原料,利用回流式炭化工艺制备3种生物炭。比较三者对NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附性能,并对三者吸附性能差异的成因进行分析。实验结果表明:3种生物炭对PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附效果整体上优于NH_4~+-N,因为3种生物炭的阳离子交换容量CEC值和Zeta电位绝对值的水平均较低,不利于阳离子的吸附;竹炭Z-C对NH_4~+-N的吸附效果最佳,6 h去除率为3.59%,低的N含量、pH及Zeta电位绝对值对NH_4~+-N的吸附有利;芦苇炭LW-C中的O更多地与K、Mg等结合,形成能够与PO_4~(3-)反应生成磷酸盐沉淀或者晶体物质的金属氧化物,从而具有最好的PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附效果,6 h时去除率达16.91%。
Using reed,wheat straw and bamboo as raw materials,three kinds of biochars were prepared by reflux carbonization process. The adsorption abilities of the 3 biochars to NH_4~+-N and PO_4~(3-)-P were compared,and the causes of the differences were analyzed. The results showed that:The adsorption abilities of the 3 biochars to PO_4~(3-)-P were better than that to NH_4~+-N on the whole,because of the low CEC and absolute values of Zeta potential of biochars,which were not conducive to the adsorption of cations;Bamboo charcoal Z-C had the best adsorption ability to NH_4~+-N with 3.59% of removal rate at 6 h,because its low TN content,p H and absolute value of Zeta potential were bene?cial to NH_4~+-N adsorption;Reed charcoal LW-C had the best adsorption ability to PO_4~(3-)P with 16.91% of removal rate at 6 h,because O in LW-C was most combined with K and Mg to form metal oxides which could react with PO_4~(3-)to form phosphate precipitates or crystalline substances.
Using reed,wheat straw and bamboo as raw materials,three kinds of biochars were prepared by reflux carbonization process. The adsorption abilities of the 3 biochars to NH_4~+-N and PO_4~(3-)-P were compared,and the causes of the differences were analyzed. The results showed that:The adsorption abilities of the 3 biochars to PO_4~(3-)-P were better than that to NH_4~+-N on the whole,because of the low CEC and absolute values of Zeta potential of biochars,which were not conducive to the adsorption of cations;Bamboo charcoal Z-C had the best adsorption ability to NH_4~+-N with 3.59% of removal rate at 6 h,because its low TN content,p H and absolute value of Zeta potential were bene?cial to NH_4~+-N adsorption;Reed charcoal LW-C had the best adsorption ability to PO_4~(3-)P with 16.91% of removal rate at 6 h,because O in LW-C was most combined with K and Mg to form metal oxides which could react with PO_4~(3-)to form phosphate precipitates or crystalline substances.
引文
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[30]艾小雨.凤眼莲生物质炭对水中磷和氮吸附研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.
[2]刘项,南红岩,安强.刺桐生物炭对水中氨氮和磷的吸附[J].农业资源与环境学报,2018,35(1);66-73.
[3]刘玉学.生物质炭输入对土壤氮素流失及温室气体排放特性的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[4]王宁,侯艳伟,彭静静,等.生物炭吸附有机污染物的研究进展[J].环境化学,2012,31(3):287-295.
[5]索桂芳,吕豪豪,汪玉瑛,等.不同生物炭对氮的吸附性能[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(6):1193-1202.
[6]唐登勇,黄越,胥瑞晨,等.改性芦苇生物炭对水中低浓度磷的吸附特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2195-2201.
[7]HUANG W H,CHEN B L. Interaction mechanisms of organic contaminants with burned straw ash charcoal[J].J Environ Sci,2010,22(10):1586-1594.
[8]环境保护部.水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法:HJ535—2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社出版,2009.
[9]国家环境保护局.水质总磷的测定钼酸铵分光光度法:GB 11893—1989[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1986.
[10]国家质量技术监督局.木质活性炭试验方法灰分含量测定:GB/T12496.3—1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[11]赵凌宇.不同来源生物质炭对汞的去除性能和固定机制研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2015.
[12]蒋旭涛.生物炭对水中氨氮和磷酸盐吸附性能研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.
[13]YANG C M,YANG L Z,OUYANG Z. Organic carbon and its fractions in paddy soil as affected by different nutrientandwaterregimes[J].Geoderma,2005,124(1):133-142.
[14]陈金妹,张健. ASAP2020比表面积及孔隙分析仪的应用[J].分析仪器,2009(3):61-64.
[15]李建蕊,陈建波,周群,等.中药三七不同部位和组织的红外光谱分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(3):634-637.
[16]吴伟祥.生物质炭土壤环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:16-26.
[17]袁帅,赵立欣,孟海波,等.生物炭主要类型、理化性质及其研究展望[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1402-1417.
[18]杨放,李心清,王兵,等.热解材料对生物炭理化性质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(9):1822-1828.
[19]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):779-785.
[20]徐力刚,何跃,祁琳琳.生物炭材料的制备及其应用效果研究[J].江西科学,2015(6):873-879.
[21]WANG T,ARBESTAIN M C,HEDLEY M,et al.Chemicalandbioassaycharacterisationofnitrogen availability in biochar produced from dairy manure and biosolids[J]. Org Geochem,2012,51(5):45-54.
[22]BALWANTS,BHUPINDERPALS,ANNETTEL C. Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment[J]. Soil Res,2010,48(7):516-525.
[23]缪蕊平,戴闽光.活性炭的Zeta电位对其吸附达旦黄规律的影响[J].物理化学学报,1996,12(2):173-176.
[24]张继义,韩雪,武英香,等.炭化小麦秸秆对水中氨氮吸附性能的研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(1):34-38.
[25]武丽君,王朝旭,张峰,等.玉米秸秆和玉米芯生物炭对水溶液中无机氮的吸附性能[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):74-81.
[26]李晓娜,宋洋,贾明云,等.生物质炭对有机污染物的吸附及机理研究进展[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1313-1325.
[27]ANYIKA C,ABDUL M Z,IBRAHIM Z,et al. The impact of biochars on sorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils—a review[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2015,22(5):3314-3341.
[28]LIUZ Y,DEMISIE W,ZHANGMK.Simulated degradation of biochar and its potential environmental implications[J]. Environ Pollut,2013,179:146-152.
[29]HALE S E,ALLING V,MARTINSEN V,et al. The sorption and desorption of phosphate-P,ammonium-N and nitrate-N in cacao shell and corn cob biochars[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(11):1612-1619.
[30]艾小雨.凤眼莲生物质炭对水中磷和氮吸附研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.