龙背湾水电站建设对水质的影响
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摘要
通过收集湖北省龙背湾水电站建设前后库区及坝下河段汛期的水质监测资料,采用单因子评价法和综合污染指数法对水质状况进行评价。结果表明,龙背湾电站建设前后汛期官渡河干流入库断面水质类别从Ⅰ类降为Ⅱ类,库中断面和坝下断面水质类别无明显变化(Ⅱ类);库区支流洪坪河河口断面水质类别从Ⅱ类降为Ⅲ类,公祖河河口断面水质类别无明显变化(Ⅱ类);总体上看,工程建设后汛期官渡河干流及库区主要支流各断面水质略有下降,但仍满足Ⅱ类水质目标管理要求。建议进一步加强库区环境治理并制定长期的监测计划。
This paper selects Longbeiwan Hydropower Station Project as research subject,and utilizes Single Factor Evaluation Method and Comprehensive Pollution Index Method to evaluate the water quality status based on monitoring data collected in flooding season before and after the construction of the project. The results demonstrate that the construction of the project would lead the decrease in the water quality category of the stock-in section of Guandu River from class I to class II,while having no impact on the water quality category(Class II) of the reservoir section and the back section of dam. The construction of the project would also lead the decrease in water quality category of Hongping river stuary section from class II to class Ⅲ,while having no impact on the water quality category(Class II) of Gongzu river stuary section. The water quality of Guandu river main stream and its tributary stream would also be deteriorated from a cleaner type to a medium pollution type,and the concentration of permanganate index and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5) would increase. Local government should strengthen the environmental management of the reservoir area and the department who is responsible for the running of the hydropower station should formulate a long-term monitoring plan.
This paper selects Longbeiwan Hydropower Station Project as research subject,and utilizes Single Factor Evaluation Method and Comprehensive Pollution Index Method to evaluate the water quality status based on monitoring data collected in flooding season before and after the construction of the project. The results demonstrate that the construction of the project would lead the decrease in the water quality category of the stock-in section of Guandu River from class I to class II,while having no impact on the water quality category(Class II) of the reservoir section and the back section of dam. The construction of the project would also lead the decrease in water quality category of Hongping river stuary section from class II to class Ⅲ,while having no impact on the water quality category(Class II) of Gongzu river stuary section. The water quality of Guandu river main stream and its tributary stream would also be deteriorated from a cleaner type to a medium pollution type,and the concentration of permanganate index and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5) would increase. Local government should strengthen the environmental management of the reservoir area and the department who is responsible for the running of the hydropower station should formulate a long-term monitoring plan.
引文
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[15]付青,郑彦,王山军.全国地表饮用水源水质状况及时空分布特征[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(5):886-894.
[16]刘琰,郑丙辉,付青等.水污染指数法在河流水质评价中的应用研究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):49-55.
[17]方芳,李哲,田光等.三峡小江回水区磷素赋存形态季节变化特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,2009,30(12):3488-3493.
[18]许策,李晔,束继年等.汉江流域荆门段面源污染负荷时空分布与污染现状评价[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(4):63-68.
[19]张小勇,范先鹏,刘冬碧等.丹江口库区湖北水源区农业面源污染现状调查及评价[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(16):3460-3464.
[20]湖北省环境科学研究院湖北省十堰市龙背湾水电站环境影响报告书[R].武汉:湖北省环境科学研究院,2009.
[21]娄保锋,印士勇,穆宏强等.三峡水库蓄水前后干流总磷浓度比较[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):863-86.
[2]刘鸿雁,刘奇,毛健全.乌江流域水资源、水质变化与水库建设关系分析[J].水资源保护,2010,26(3):18-22.
[3]程根伟,麻泽龙,范继辉.西南江河梯级水电开发对河流水环境的影响及对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2004,19(6):433-437.
[4]文威,李涛,韩璐.汉江中下游干流水电梯级开发的水环境影响分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2016,6(3):259-265.
[5]侯保灯,朱晓旭,梁川.岷江上游典型河段水电梯级开发水环境累积影响[J].人民长江,2010,41(7):32-37.
[6]巴亚东,江波,柳雅纯.清江水布垭水电站水环境影响后评价[J].人民长江,2017,48(S2):43-46+80.
[7]张瑞佟.黄河上游兴建梯级水电站带来的水环境变化[C]//中国水利学会2002学术年会论文集.上海:中国三峡出版社,2002:4.
[8]李琳.淜头水电站对辛安泉域水环境影响分析[J].水科学与工程技术,2013(6):70-72.
[9]权妍丽,任淑娟,刘媛.水电站建设对黄河流域水环境影响分析[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2016,52(01):16-19.
[10]张榆霞,刘嘉麒,王立前.漫湾电站建成后澜沧江下游水质变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(4):501-506.
[11]程永隆,沈恒,许友勤.闽江梯级电站对水环境的影响[J].水资源保护,2011,27(5):114-118.
[12]黄祖亚,蔡品彦.水口水电站对闽江水环境影响的研究[J].水文,2001(S1):46-49.
[13]陈建发,颜斐进,方胜强等.梯级电站建设运营对下游水质的影响[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2012,9(01):47-49+6.
[14]李名升,张建辉,梁念等.常用水环境质量评价方法分析与比较[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):617-624.
[15]付青,郑彦,王山军.全国地表饮用水源水质状况及时空分布特征[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2015,23(5):886-894.
[16]刘琰,郑丙辉,付青等.水污染指数法在河流水质评价中的应用研究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):49-55.
[17]方芳,李哲,田光等.三峡小江回水区磷素赋存形态季节变化特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,2009,30(12):3488-3493.
[18]许策,李晔,束继年等.汉江流域荆门段面源污染负荷时空分布与污染现状评价[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(4):63-68.
[19]张小勇,范先鹏,刘冬碧等.丹江口库区湖北水源区农业面源污染现状调查及评价[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(16):3460-3464.
[20]湖北省环境科学研究院湖北省十堰市龙背湾水电站环境影响报告书[R].武汉:湖北省环境科学研究院,2009.
[21]娄保锋,印士勇,穆宏强等.三峡水库蓄水前后干流总磷浓度比较[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):863-86.