岩溶断陷盆地土壤肥力空间异质性及其影响因素
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摘要
土壤肥力是反映土壤各方面性质的综合指标,且与地貌、土壤母质等因子密切相关。为了解岩溶断陷盆地表层土壤养分状况,探索地貌和土壤母质对土壤肥力质量的影响,以典型岩溶断陷盆地——云南小江流域为研究对象,运用ArcGIS技术,综合统计学和地统计的方法研究了土壤肥力的空间分布状况,并且综合评价了土壤质量。结果表明:小江流域土壤养分较为丰富,土壤养分空间分布存在明显的异质性;不同地貌类型间土壤养分含量无显著差异,不同土壤类型间土壤养分差异较为显著。方差分析结果显示:土壤类型对土壤养分的影响强于地貌类型,二者的交互作用只对速效钾(p<0.05)和pH值(p<0.01)有显著影响。主成分分析表明,不同地貌类型间土壤综合肥力:台地槽谷区>平坝区>峰丛洼地>中山区>岩溶河谷,不同土壤类型间土壤综合肥力:石灰土>水稻土>红壤>紫色土,不同地貌类型和土壤类型间土壤综合肥力差异显著。不同地貌和土壤母质影响着土壤的肥力质量,必须结合土壤的性质和相应环境条件,采取合理、有效的措施,改善土壤结构,提高土壤质量,为提升作物产量打好基础。
Soil fertility is recognized as a comprehensive indicator reflecting soil properties, and is closely related to landform and soil parent material. This article regarded Xiaojiang Basin, Yunnan Province, which is a typical karst faulted basin, as study area to explore the nutrient status of surface soil in karst faulted basin and the influence of landform and soil parent material on it. Distribution of surface soil nutrients of cultivated lands and comprehensive evaluation of soil quality were investigated by using ArcGIS technology, statistical and geostatistical methods. The soil nutrients were abundant, and spatial heterogeneity of those was obvious. The difference in soil nutrient among landform types was not significant, while it among different soil types was significant. Variance analysis showed that soil types had stronger effect on soil fertility than landforms, and the interaction between the soil type and landform had significant effects on AK(p<0.05) and pH value(p<0.01). The comprehensive soil fertility among different landforms decreased in the order: karst platform and valley region>deposition plain region>peak cluster-depression region>karst mountain region>karst canyon region, and it among soil types decreased in the order: lime soil>paddy soil>red soil>purple soil. Landforms and soil parent material affect the soil fertility seriously, which means that it is necessary to take reasonable and effective measures to improve soil structure and soil quality depending on soil properties and corresponding environmental conditions.
Soil fertility is recognized as a comprehensive indicator reflecting soil properties, and is closely related to landform and soil parent material. This article regarded Xiaojiang Basin, Yunnan Province, which is a typical karst faulted basin, as study area to explore the nutrient status of surface soil in karst faulted basin and the influence of landform and soil parent material on it. Distribution of surface soil nutrients of cultivated lands and comprehensive evaluation of soil quality were investigated by using ArcGIS technology, statistical and geostatistical methods. The soil nutrients were abundant, and spatial heterogeneity of those was obvious. The difference in soil nutrient among landform types was not significant, while it among different soil types was significant. Variance analysis showed that soil types had stronger effect on soil fertility than landforms, and the interaction between the soil type and landform had significant effects on AK(p<0.05) and pH value(p<0.01). The comprehensive soil fertility among different landforms decreased in the order: karst platform and valley region>deposition plain region>peak cluster-depression region>karst mountain region>karst canyon region, and it among soil types decreased in the order: lime soil>paddy soil>red soil>purple soil. Landforms and soil parent material affect the soil fertility seriously, which means that it is necessary to take reasonable and effective measures to improve soil structure and soil quality depending on soil properties and corresponding environmental conditions.
引文
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[14] 龙健,邓启琼,江新荣,等.贵州喀斯特石漠化地区土地利用方式对土壤质量恢复能力的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3188-3195.
[15] 岳跃民,王克林,张伟,等.基于典范对应分析的喀斯特峰丛洼地土壤—环境关系研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):250-255.
[16] 黄婕,于奭,梁权.多元统计法在河水主要离子含量变化特征及来源分析中的运用:以梧州水文站控制断面为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(4):412-418.
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[18] 夏建国,李廷轩.主成分分析法在耕地质量评价中的应用[J].西南农业学报,2000,13(2):51-55.
[19] 涂成龙,张玉彪,刘丛强,等.典型岩溶区域主要土壤类型分布特征与表层土壤保有量估算[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(3):620-625.
[20] 曹建华,袁道先,潘根兴.岩溶生态系统中的土壤[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(1):37-44.
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[22] 朱菊兰,刘淼,张阳,等.浑河太子河流域地形和土地利用对表层土壤养分空间变异的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):621-629.
[23] Jiang Y,Li L,Wu Y,et al.Temporal-spatial variability of soil fertility in karst region:a case study of Xiaojiang watershed Yunnan[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(4):875-887.
[24] 蒋勇军.流域尺度的岩溶区土壤pH值空间变异研究:以云南小江流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):80-86.
[25] 陈金林,潘根兴.杉林土壤中磷的固定作用及其抑制因素[J].生态学杂志,2002,21(5):22-25.
[26] 丁绍兰,杨宁贵,赵串串,等.青海省东部黄土丘陵区主要林型土壤理化性质[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(6):1-6.
[27] 李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):310-314.
[28] 彭琴.贵州喀斯特山区不同石漠化等级土壤中钾素变异特征[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2007.
[29] 郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,等.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以河北省遵化市为例[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):557-563.
[30] 史利江.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2006.
[31] 蒋勇军,袁道先,谢世友,等.典型岩溶流域土壤有机质空间变异:以云南小江流域为例[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):2040-2047.
[32] 王果.土壤学[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[33] 张春.四川盆中丘陵区成土母质和地形对土壤肥力质量的影响研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[34] 泸西县地方志编纂委员会办公室.泸西年鉴[J].云南芒市:德宏民族出版社,2017.
[2] 王宇,张华,张贵,等.喀斯特断陷盆地环境地质分区及功能[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(3):283-295.
[3] 杨慧,朱同彬,王修华,等.云南断陷盆地高原面典型小流域土壤元素含量特征[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(5):859-865.
[4] 曹建华,邓艳,杨慧,等.喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化演变及治理技术与示范[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7103-7108.
[5] 彭淑惠,王宇,张世涛.昆明岩溶断陷盆地的环境地质问题及治理对策[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2008,19(2):98-103.
[6] 王金乐,林昌虎,何腾兵.贵州喀斯特山区石漠化生态环境背景与生态重建[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(5):148-150.
[7] 吴协保,孙继霖,林琼,等.我国西南岩溶石漠化土地生态建设分区治理思路与途径探讨[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(4):391-396.
[8] 王宇.西南岩溶石山区断陷盆地岩溶水系统分类及供水意义[J].中国地质,2003,30(2):220-224.
[9] 张果,许模.南盘江上游草海断陷盆地岩溶水系统研究[J].地下水,2011,33(1):25-26.
[10] 刘大刚,吕玉香,郭传道.西南典型断陷盆地岩溶地下水径流特征研究[J].地下水,2018,40(1):15-17.
[11] 李强,蒲俊兵,黄妮,等.断陷盆地生态环境地质分异及石漠化演变机理的研究途径[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(9):899-907.
[12] 周晓东.基于GIS的云南小江流域植被生态需水量时空分布规律[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2017.
[13] 蒋勇军.典型岩溶流域土地利用变化及其对土壤质量的影响[D].重庆:西南师范大学,2005.
[14] 龙健,邓启琼,江新荣,等.贵州喀斯特石漠化地区土地利用方式对土壤质量恢复能力的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3188-3195.
[15] 岳跃民,王克林,张伟,等.基于典范对应分析的喀斯特峰丛洼地土壤—环境关系研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):250-255.
[16] 黄婕,于奭,梁权.多元统计法在河水主要离子含量变化特征及来源分析中的运用:以梧州水文站控制断面为例[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(4):412-418.
[17] 李果.贵州喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质与土壤肥力评价[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[18] 夏建国,李廷轩.主成分分析法在耕地质量评价中的应用[J].西南农业学报,2000,13(2):51-55.
[19] 涂成龙,张玉彪,刘丛强,等.典型岩溶区域主要土壤类型分布特征与表层土壤保有量估算[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(3):620-625.
[20] 曹建华,袁道先,潘根兴.岩溶生态系统中的土壤[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(1):37-44.
[21] 刘克锋,韩劲,刘健斌,等.土壤肥料学[M].北京:气象出版社,2001.
[22] 朱菊兰,刘淼,张阳,等.浑河太子河流域地形和土地利用对表层土壤养分空间变异的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):621-629.
[23] Jiang Y,Li L,Wu Y,et al.Temporal-spatial variability of soil fertility in karst region:a case study of Xiaojiang watershed Yunnan[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(4):875-887.
[24] 蒋勇军.流域尺度的岩溶区土壤pH值空间变异研究:以云南小江流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):80-86.
[25] 陈金林,潘根兴.杉林土壤中磷的固定作用及其抑制因素[J].生态学杂志,2002,21(5):22-25.
[26] 丁绍兰,杨宁贵,赵串串,等.青海省东部黄土丘陵区主要林型土壤理化性质[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(6):1-6.
[27] 李东,王子芳,郑杰炳,等.紫色丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质和全量氮磷钾含量状况[J].土壤通报,2009,40(2):310-314.
[28] 彭琴.贵州喀斯特山区不同石漠化等级土壤中钾素变异特征[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2007.
[29] 郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,等.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以河北省遵化市为例[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):557-563.
[30] 史利江.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2006.
[31] 蒋勇军,袁道先,谢世友,等.典型岩溶流域土壤有机质空间变异:以云南小江流域为例[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):2040-2047.
[32] 王果.土壤学[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[33] 张春.四川盆中丘陵区成土母质和地形对土壤肥力质量的影响研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2006.
[34] 泸西县地方志编纂委员会办公室.泸西年鉴[J].云南芒市:德宏民族出版社,2017.