坡耕地土壤微生物功能多样性对间作体系的响应
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摘要
为了明确土壤微生物对间作体系的响应,本研究基于粮草(药)间作定位试验,运用Biolog方法研究间作种植模式下土壤微生物功能多样性特征。结果表明:小麦(Triticum aestivum)||菘蓝(Isatis tinctoria)间作模式可提高土壤微生物碳源利用能力,其AWCD值在0–10 cm、10–30 cm土层分别高于小麦单作26%、29%(培养96 h),且在10–30cm土层两者差异显著(P <0.05),土壤微生物利用基质碳源的能力随着土层深度增加而逐渐降低;与小麦单作相比,间作可以显著提高McIntosh指数和Richness指数,尤以小麦||菘蓝间作效果显著(P <0.05);与单作小麦相比,小麦||菘蓝间作可提高0–30 cm土层土壤微生物对六大类碳源的利用强度,间作体系增强了土壤微生物群落稳定性;糖类碳源的变化在影响土壤微生物群落功能多样性方面起主导作用。间作种植模式可以提高土壤微生物生理活性,促进对土壤碳源的利用,小麦||菘蓝间作效果明显。
To clarify the response of soil microorganisms to intercropping systems, the characteristics of soil microbial functional diversity were studied under an intercropping model using the Biolog method. The results showed that a wheat ||Isatis tinctoria intercropping model could improve the utilization of the soil microbial carbon source, and its AWCD value was higher than that of wheat monoculture 26, 29%(96 h). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the 10–30 cm(P < 0.05). The ability of soil microorganisms to utilize the carbon source decreased with increasing soil depth. Compared with wheat monoculture, in wheat || I. tinctoria intercropping, the McIntosh index and richness index were significantly improved. Wheat || I. tinctoria intercropping increased the intensity of soil microorganisms to six kinds of carbon sources.Intercropping systems can enhance the stability of the soil microbial community, and changes in the carbohydrate carbon source play an important role in the functional diversity of the soil microbial community(0 –30 cm). An intercropping planting model can improve the physiological activity of soil microorganisms and promote the utilization of soil carbon sources; the effect of wheat || I. tinctoria intercropping is clear.
To clarify the response of soil microorganisms to intercropping systems, the characteristics of soil microbial functional diversity were studied under an intercropping model using the Biolog method. The results showed that a wheat ||Isatis tinctoria intercropping model could improve the utilization of the soil microbial carbon source, and its AWCD value was higher than that of wheat monoculture 26, 29%(96 h). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the 10–30 cm(P < 0.05). The ability of soil microorganisms to utilize the carbon source decreased with increasing soil depth. Compared with wheat monoculture, in wheat || I. tinctoria intercropping, the McIntosh index and richness index were significantly improved. Wheat || I. tinctoria intercropping increased the intensity of soil microorganisms to six kinds of carbon sources.Intercropping systems can enhance the stability of the soil microbial community, and changes in the carbohydrate carbon source play an important role in the functional diversity of the soil microbial community(0 –30 cm). An intercropping planting model can improve the physiological activity of soil microorganisms and promote the utilization of soil carbon sources; the effect of wheat || I. tinctoria intercropping is clear.
引文
[1]焦念元,赵春,宁堂原,侯连涛,付国占.玉米-花生间作对作物产量和光合作用光响应的影响.应用生态学报,2008,19(5):981-985.JIAO N Y,ZHAO C,NING T C,HOU L T,FU Z G.Effects of maize-peanut intercropping on economic yield and light response of photosynthesis.Ahinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(5):981-985.
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[3]沈君辉,聂勤,黄得润,刘光杰.作物混植和间作控制病虫害研究的新进展.植物保护学报,2007,34(2):209-216.SHEN J H,NIE Q,HUANG D R,LIU G J.Recent advances in controlling plant diseases and insect pests by mixture planting and inter-planting of crops.Journal of Plant Protection,2007,34(2):209-216.
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[8]张萌萌,敖红,李鑫.桑树/苜蓿间作对根际土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响.草地学报,2015,23(2):302-309.ZHANG M M,AO H,LI X.Effect of intercropping between mulberry and alfalfa on soil enzyme activities and microbial community diversity in rhizophere.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2015,23(2):302-309.
[9]李冬梅.小麦/苜蓿间作的土壤微生物多样性和种间促进作用研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学博士学位论文,2015.LI D M.Study on soil microbial diversity and interspecies promotion of wheat/alfalfa.PhD Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2015.
[10]董艳,董坤,汤利,郑毅,杨智仙.小麦蚕豆间作对蚕豆根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响及其与蚕豆枯萎病发生的关系.生态学报,2013,33(23):7445-7454.DONG Y,DONG K,TANG L,ZHENG Y,YANG Z X.Relationship between rhizosphere microbial community functional diversity and faba bean fusarium wilt occurrence in wheat and faba bean intercropping system.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(23):7445-7454.
[11]马德举,梅建新,刘雄.植物篱运用关键技术分析.水土保持应用技术,2007(3):36-37.MA D J,MEI J X,LIU X.Analysis on key techniques of hedgerow application.Application of Soil and water Conservation,2007(3):36-37.
[12]杨远祥,冷燕,马翔.植物篱在坡耕地水土保持中的应用.亚热带水土保持,2010,22(2):23-24.YANG Y X,LENG Y,MA X.Application of hedgerow to soil and water conservation in sloping farmland.Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2010,22(2):23-24.
[13]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法.北京:科学出版社,1985.Nanjing Soil Institute of Chinese Academy Sciences.Soil Microbiological Approach.Beijing:Science Press,1985.
[14]FISK M C,RUETHER K F,YAVITT J B.Microbial activity and functional composition among northern peatland ecosystems.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35:591-602.
[15]魏彦昌,欧阳志云,苗鸿.尖峰岭自然保护区土壤微生物群落特征.生态环境学报,2008,17(1):334-338.WEI Y C,OUYANG Z Y,MIAO H.The characteristics of soil microbial communities under four forest types in Jianfengling nature reserve.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,17(1):334-338.
[16]闫冰,肖能文,齐月,付刚.北京城市发展对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.环境科学研究,2016,29(9):1325-1335.YAN B,XIAO N W,QI Y,FU G.Efffects of urban development on soil microbial functional diversity in Beijing.Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(9):1325-1335.
[17]靳正忠,雷加强,李生宇.咸水滴灌林地风沙土中微生物群落代谢特征.中国沙漠,2014,34(2):363-370.JIN Z Z,LEI J Q,LI Y S.Characteristics of study soil microbial metabolisms in the forests drip-irrigated with saline water.China Desert,2014,34(2):363-370.
[18]刘冲,王茂文,刘兴华.苏北沿海滩涂秸秆还田对大麦生长及土壤质量的影响.江苏农业科学,2015,43(7):414-415.LIU C,WANG M W,LIU X H.Application of biolog system in the study of microbial community.Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2015,43(7):414-415.
[19]张桂国,杨在宾,董树亭.玉米-苜蓿间作系统饲料生产潜力及其机理的研究.中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3436-3445.ZHANG G G,YANG Z B,DONG S T.Studies on forage potential and mechanism of maize and alfalfa intercropping system.Scientific Agricultural Sinica,2011,44(16):3436-3445.
[20]朱静,柴强,赵财.供水及丁香酚对间作小麦蚕豆生长速率及籽粒产量的影响.农业现代化研究,2012,33(4):489-492.ZHU J,CHAI Q,ZHAO C.Effect of eugenol and water application on crop growth rate and grain yield of wheat fava bean intercropping systems.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2012,33(4):489-492.
[21]逄好胜,胡举伟,李鑫,张会慧.小麦-苜蓿间作对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.贵州农业科学,2015,43(8):160-164.FENG H S,HU J W,LI X,ZHANG H H.Efffects of wheat and alfalfa intercropping on functional diversity of soil rhizsopheric microbial community.Guizhou Agricultural Science,2015,43(8):160-164.
[22]徐强,刘艳君,陶鸿.间套作玉米对线辣椒根际土壤微生物生态特征的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1078-1087.XU Q,LIU Y J,TAO H.Effect of relay intercropping maize on rhizosphere soil microbial ecological charactreistics in capsicum fields.Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2013,21(9):1078-1087.
[23]ABRAMS P A,NAKAJIMA M.Does competition between resources change the competition between their consumers to mutualism?Variations on two themes by Vandermeer.American Naturalist,2007,170(5):744-757.
[2]肖靖秀,郑毅.间套作系统中作物的养分吸收利用与病虫害控制.中国农学通报,2005,21(3):150-151.XIAO J X,ZHENG Y.Nutrients uptake and pests and diseases control of crops in intercropping system.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(3):150-151.
[3]沈君辉,聂勤,黄得润,刘光杰.作物混植和间作控制病虫害研究的新进展.植物保护学报,2007,34(2):209-216.SHEN J H,NIE Q,HUANG D R,LIU G J.Recent advances in controlling plant diseases and insect pests by mixture planting and inter-planting of crops.Journal of Plant Protection,2007,34(2):209-216.
[4]张福锁,曹一平.根际动态过程与植物营养.土壤学报,1992(3):239-250.ZHANG F S,CAO Y P.Rhizosphere dynamices and plant nutrition.Acta Pedologica Sinica,1992(3):239-250.
[5]夏国绵,丁峰,何勇刚,王志伟.间作方式对甜玉米、菜用大豆经济性状及效益的影响.浙江农业科学,2017,58(3):388-390.XIA G M,DING F,HE Y G,WANG Z W.Effects of maize-peanut intercropping on economic yield and light response of photosynthesis.Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2017,58(3):388-390.
[6]GRAYSTON S J,WANG S,CAMPBELL C D.Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30(3):359-378.
[7]覃潇敏,郑毅,汤利.施氮对间作条件下玉米、马铃薯根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响.农业资源与环境学报,2015(4):354-362.QIN X M,ZHENG Y,TANG L.Effect of nitrogen application rates on rhizosphere microbial community functional diversity in maiuze and patato intercropping.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2015(4):354-362.
[8]张萌萌,敖红,李鑫.桑树/苜蓿间作对根际土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响.草地学报,2015,23(2):302-309.ZHANG M M,AO H,LI X.Effect of intercropping between mulberry and alfalfa on soil enzyme activities and microbial community diversity in rhizophere.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2015,23(2):302-309.
[9]李冬梅.小麦/苜蓿间作的土壤微生物多样性和种间促进作用研究.哈尔滨:东北林业大学博士学位论文,2015.LI D M.Study on soil microbial diversity and interspecies promotion of wheat/alfalfa.PhD Thesis.Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2015.
[10]董艳,董坤,汤利,郑毅,杨智仙.小麦蚕豆间作对蚕豆根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响及其与蚕豆枯萎病发生的关系.生态学报,2013,33(23):7445-7454.DONG Y,DONG K,TANG L,ZHENG Y,YANG Z X.Relationship between rhizosphere microbial community functional diversity and faba bean fusarium wilt occurrence in wheat and faba bean intercropping system.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(23):7445-7454.
[11]马德举,梅建新,刘雄.植物篱运用关键技术分析.水土保持应用技术,2007(3):36-37.MA D J,MEI J X,LIU X.Analysis on key techniques of hedgerow application.Application of Soil and water Conservation,2007(3):36-37.
[12]杨远祥,冷燕,马翔.植物篱在坡耕地水土保持中的应用.亚热带水土保持,2010,22(2):23-24.YANG Y X,LENG Y,MA X.Application of hedgerow to soil and water conservation in sloping farmland.Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2010,22(2):23-24.
[13]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物研究法.北京:科学出版社,1985.Nanjing Soil Institute of Chinese Academy Sciences.Soil Microbiological Approach.Beijing:Science Press,1985.
[14]FISK M C,RUETHER K F,YAVITT J B.Microbial activity and functional composition among northern peatland ecosystems.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35:591-602.
[15]魏彦昌,欧阳志云,苗鸿.尖峰岭自然保护区土壤微生物群落特征.生态环境学报,2008,17(1):334-338.WEI Y C,OUYANG Z Y,MIAO H.The characteristics of soil microbial communities under four forest types in Jianfengling nature reserve.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,17(1):334-338.
[16]闫冰,肖能文,齐月,付刚.北京城市发展对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.环境科学研究,2016,29(9):1325-1335.YAN B,XIAO N W,QI Y,FU G.Efffects of urban development on soil microbial functional diversity in Beijing.Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(9):1325-1335.
[17]靳正忠,雷加强,李生宇.咸水滴灌林地风沙土中微生物群落代谢特征.中国沙漠,2014,34(2):363-370.JIN Z Z,LEI J Q,LI Y S.Characteristics of study soil microbial metabolisms in the forests drip-irrigated with saline water.China Desert,2014,34(2):363-370.
[18]刘冲,王茂文,刘兴华.苏北沿海滩涂秸秆还田对大麦生长及土壤质量的影响.江苏农业科学,2015,43(7):414-415.LIU C,WANG M W,LIU X H.Application of biolog system in the study of microbial community.Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2015,43(7):414-415.
[19]张桂国,杨在宾,董树亭.玉米-苜蓿间作系统饲料生产潜力及其机理的研究.中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3436-3445.ZHANG G G,YANG Z B,DONG S T.Studies on forage potential and mechanism of maize and alfalfa intercropping system.Scientific Agricultural Sinica,2011,44(16):3436-3445.
[20]朱静,柴强,赵财.供水及丁香酚对间作小麦蚕豆生长速率及籽粒产量的影响.农业现代化研究,2012,33(4):489-492.ZHU J,CHAI Q,ZHAO C.Effect of eugenol and water application on crop growth rate and grain yield of wheat fava bean intercropping systems.Research of Agricultural Modernization,2012,33(4):489-492.
[21]逄好胜,胡举伟,李鑫,张会慧.小麦-苜蓿间作对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.贵州农业科学,2015,43(8):160-164.FENG H S,HU J W,LI X,ZHANG H H.Efffects of wheat and alfalfa intercropping on functional diversity of soil rhizsopheric microbial community.Guizhou Agricultural Science,2015,43(8):160-164.
[22]徐强,刘艳君,陶鸿.间套作玉米对线辣椒根际土壤微生物生态特征的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1078-1087.XU Q,LIU Y J,TAO H.Effect of relay intercropping maize on rhizosphere soil microbial ecological charactreistics in capsicum fields.Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2013,21(9):1078-1087.
[23]ABRAMS P A,NAKAJIMA M.Does competition between resources change the competition between their consumers to mutualism?Variations on two themes by Vandermeer.American Naturalist,2007,170(5):744-757.