农户非农就业、耕地保护政策认知与亲环境农业技术选择——基于产粮大县1422份调研数据
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摘要
农户选择亲环境农业技术是治理农业污染、改善耕地质量和提升农业可持续发展能力的重要环节。本文基于劳动节约型和劳动密集型亲环境农业技术视角,分析农户非农就业和耕地保护政策认知对不同类型亲环境农业技术选择的影响,同时甄别了对不同劳动力禀赋和不同收入农户影响的差异。研究表明,农户非农就业对劳动节约型亲环境农业技术的选择有正人口效应和负收入效应,其中,正人口效应主要体现在少劳动力组、高收入组和低收入组,负收入效应主要体现在多劳动力组和高收入组;而对劳动密集型亲环境农业技术的选择有负收入效应,主要体现在少劳动力组和高收入组。农户耕地保护政策认知对两类亲环境农业技术的选择均具有正向激励作用,在耕地保护政策认知的调节作用下,非农就业对劳动节约型亲环境农业技术选择的正人口效应逐渐减弱;负收入效应被显著抑制。而非农就业对劳动密集型亲环境农业技术选择的负人口效应得到一定抑制;负收入效应则没有发生显著变化。
The selection of pro-environmental agricultural technologies by farmers is an important link to control agricultural pollution,improve the quality of cultivated land and enhance the capacity of agricultural sustainable development. This paper analyzes the effects of off-farm employment and cognition of farmland protection policy on the choice of labor-saving and laborintensive pro-environmental agricultural technologies and identifies the differences in the impact on farmers with different labor endowments and different income,with the Probit model and Logit model based on the survey data of 1422 households in major grain-producing counties in Henan,Ningxia and Shandong provinces. The research shows that farmers' off-farm employment has positive population effects,which is mainly reflected in the less-labor group,high-income group and low-income group,and negative income effects,which is mainly reflected in the more-labor group and the high-income group,on the choice of labor-saving pro-environmental agricultural technology. While it has negative income effects,mainly reflected in the less-labor group and the high-income group,on the choice of labor-intensive pro-environmental agricultural technology.Farmers' cognition of farmland protection policy has positive effects on the choice of pro-environmental agricultural technology,especially on the choice of labor-saving pro-environmental agricultural technology in more-labor group,high-income group and low-income group,and on the choice of labor-intensive pro-environmental agricultural technology in less-labor group and lowincome group. Under the adjustment of the cognition of farmland protection policy,the positive population effect of off-farm employment on labor-saving pro-environmental agricultural technology choice is gradually weakened,especially in the more-labor group,and the negative income effect is significantly suppressed,especially in the low-income group. While the negative population effect of off-farm employment on labor-intensive pro-environmental agricultural technology choice is suppressed,mainly in the less-labor group and the low-income group,but the negative income effect of which is not change significantly.
The selection of pro-environmental agricultural technologies by farmers is an important link to control agricultural pollution,improve the quality of cultivated land and enhance the capacity of agricultural sustainable development. This paper analyzes the effects of off-farm employment and cognition of farmland protection policy on the choice of labor-saving and laborintensive pro-environmental agricultural technologies and identifies the differences in the impact on farmers with different labor endowments and different income,with the Probit model and Logit model based on the survey data of 1422 households in major grain-producing counties in Henan,Ningxia and Shandong provinces. The research shows that farmers' off-farm employment has positive population effects,which is mainly reflected in the less-labor group,high-income group and low-income group,and negative income effects,which is mainly reflected in the more-labor group and the high-income group,on the choice of labor-saving pro-environmental agricultural technology. While it has negative income effects,mainly reflected in the less-labor group and the high-income group,on the choice of labor-intensive pro-environmental agricultural technology.Farmers' cognition of farmland protection policy has positive effects on the choice of pro-environmental agricultural technology,especially on the choice of labor-saving pro-environmental agricultural technology in more-labor group,high-income group and low-income group,and on the choice of labor-intensive pro-environmental agricultural technology in less-labor group and lowincome group. Under the adjustment of the cognition of farmland protection policy,the positive population effect of off-farm employment on labor-saving pro-environmental agricultural technology choice is gradually weakened,especially in the more-labor group,and the negative income effect is significantly suppressed,especially in the low-income group. While the negative population effect of off-farm employment on labor-intensive pro-environmental agricultural technology choice is suppressed,mainly in the less-labor group and the low-income group,but the negative income effect of which is not change significantly.
引文
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12.罗小娟,冯淑怡,黄挺等.测土配方施肥项目实施的环境和经济效果评价.华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2014,33(1):86~93
13.苏毅清,王志刚.农户施用测土配方肥及效果满意度的影响因素---基于山东省平原县的问卷调查数据.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014(6):25~31
14.高瑛,王娜,李向菲等.农户生态友好型农田土壤管理技术采纳决策分析---以山东省为例.农业经济问题,2017(1):38~47
15.展进涛,陈超.劳动力转移对农户农业技术选择的影响---基于全国农户微观数据的分析.中国农村经济,2009(3):75~84
16.丰军辉,何可,张俊飚.家庭禀赋约束下农户作物秸秆能源化需求实证分析---湖北省的经验数据.资源科学,2014,36(3):530~537
17.余威震,罗小锋,李容容等.绿色认知视角下农户绿色技术采纳意愿与行为悖离研究.资源科学,2017,39(8):1573~1583
18.郭利京,赵瑾.非正式制度与农户亲环境行为---以农户秸秆处理行为为例.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):69~75
19.罗小锋.农户采用节约耕地型与节约劳动型技术的差异.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(4):132~138
20.郭利京,王少飞.基于调节聚焦理论的生物农药推广有效性研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(4):126~134
21.杨宜婷.不同类型种稻大户技术应用行为研究.江西农业大学,2013
22.秦明,范焱红,王志刚.社会资本对农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为的影响---来自吉林省703份农户调查的经验证据.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(6):14~20
23.孔祥智,方松海,庞晓鹏等.西部地区农户禀赋对农业技术采纳的影响分析.经济研究,2004(12):85~95
24.毕茜,陈赞迪,彭珏.农户亲环境农业技术选择行为的影响因素分析---基于重庆336户农户的统计分析.西南大学学报(社会科学版),2014,40(6):44~49
25.吴雪莲,张俊飚,何可等.农户水稻秸秆还田技术采纳意愿及其驱动路径分析.资源科学,2016,38(11):2117~2126
26.王静,霍学喜.技术创新环境对苹果种植户技术认知影响研究.农业技术经济,2014(1):31~41
27.速水佑次郎,弗农·拉坦,郭熙保.农业发展的国际分析.中国社会科学出版社,2001
28.罗必良.新制度经济学.山西经济出版社,2005
29.魏后凯,刘同山.论中国农村全面转型---挑战及应对.政治经济学评论,2017(5)
30.朱明芬,李南田.农户采用农业新技术的行为差异及对策研究.农业技术经济,2001(2):26~29
31.杨志海,王雅鹏,麦尔旦·吐尔孙.农户耕地质量保护性投入行为及其影响因素分析---基于兼业分化视角.中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(12):105~112
32.钱忠好,王兴稳.农地流转何以促进农户收入增加---基于苏、桂、鄂、黑四省(区)农户调查数据的实证分析.中国农村经济,2016(10):39~50
33.郑鑫.丹江口库区农户有机肥施用的影响因素分析.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,11(1):11~15
34.朱希刚,赵绪福.贫困山区农业技术采用的决定因素分析.农业技术经济,1995(5):18~21
35.仇童伟,罗必良.农地产权强度对农业生产要素配置的影响.中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):63~70
(1)数据来源:http://www. china. com. cn/news/2016-04/28/content_38342180. htm
*标准化非农就业人数=(一年内非农就业10个月以上人数)×1+(一年内非农就业7~9个月以上人数)×0. 75+(一年内非农就业4~6个月以上人数)×0. 5+(一年内非农就业3个月以下人数)×0. 25
2.Kassie M,Jaleta M,Shiferaw B,et al.Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices in smallholder systems:Evidence from rural Tanzania.Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2013,80(3):525~540
3.López-Nicolás C,Molina-Castillo F J,Bouwman H.An assessment of advanced mobile services acceptance:Contributions from TAM and diffusion theory models.Information&Management,2008,45(6):359~364
4.BjarneBruun Jensen.Knowledge,Action and Pro-environmental Behaviour.Environmental Education Research,2002,8(3):325~334
5.Ehrlich P R,Kennedy D.Millennium assessment of human behavior.Science,2005,309(5734):562~563
6.Hayami,Y.Ruttan,V.W.Agricultural development:an international perspective.Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press.USA,1985:4
7.Nowak P J.The adoption of agricultural conservation technologies:Economic and diffusion explanations.Rural Sociology,1987,1307(4):113~134
8.Johansson R C,Kara E,Ribaudo M.On how environmental stringency influences BMP adoption//American Agricultural Economics Association(New Name 2008:Agricultural and Applied Economics Association),2006
9.Mu R,Giles J.Village Political Economy,Land Tenure Insecurity,and the Rural to Urban Migration Decision:Evidence from China.Social Science Electronic Publishing,2014:1~57
10.Feng S,Heerink N.Are farm households'land renting and migration decisions inter-related in rural China?.NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences,2008,55(4):345~362
11.刘乐,张娇,张崇尚等.经营规模的扩大有助于农户采取环境友好型生产行为吗---以秸秆还田为例.农业技术经济,2017(5):17~26
12.罗小娟,冯淑怡,黄挺等.测土配方施肥项目实施的环境和经济效果评价.华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2014,33(1):86~93
13.苏毅清,王志刚.农户施用测土配方肥及效果满意度的影响因素---基于山东省平原县的问卷调查数据.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014(6):25~31
14.高瑛,王娜,李向菲等.农户生态友好型农田土壤管理技术采纳决策分析---以山东省为例.农业经济问题,2017(1):38~47
15.展进涛,陈超.劳动力转移对农户农业技术选择的影响---基于全国农户微观数据的分析.中国农村经济,2009(3):75~84
16.丰军辉,何可,张俊飚.家庭禀赋约束下农户作物秸秆能源化需求实证分析---湖北省的经验数据.资源科学,2014,36(3):530~537
17.余威震,罗小锋,李容容等.绿色认知视角下农户绿色技术采纳意愿与行为悖离研究.资源科学,2017,39(8):1573~1583
18.郭利京,赵瑾.非正式制度与农户亲环境行为---以农户秸秆处理行为为例.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):69~75
19.罗小锋.农户采用节约耕地型与节约劳动型技术的差异.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(4):132~138
20.郭利京,王少飞.基于调节聚焦理论的生物农药推广有效性研究.中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(4):126~134
21.杨宜婷.不同类型种稻大户技术应用行为研究.江西农业大学,2013
22.秦明,范焱红,王志刚.社会资本对农户测土配方施肥技术采纳行为的影响---来自吉林省703份农户调查的经验证据.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(6):14~20
23.孔祥智,方松海,庞晓鹏等.西部地区农户禀赋对农业技术采纳的影响分析.经济研究,2004(12):85~95
24.毕茜,陈赞迪,彭珏.农户亲环境农业技术选择行为的影响因素分析---基于重庆336户农户的统计分析.西南大学学报(社会科学版),2014,40(6):44~49
25.吴雪莲,张俊飚,何可等.农户水稻秸秆还田技术采纳意愿及其驱动路径分析.资源科学,2016,38(11):2117~2126
26.王静,霍学喜.技术创新环境对苹果种植户技术认知影响研究.农业技术经济,2014(1):31~41
27.速水佑次郎,弗农·拉坦,郭熙保.农业发展的国际分析.中国社会科学出版社,2001
28.罗必良.新制度经济学.山西经济出版社,2005
29.魏后凯,刘同山.论中国农村全面转型---挑战及应对.政治经济学评论,2017(5)
30.朱明芬,李南田.农户采用农业新技术的行为差异及对策研究.农业技术经济,2001(2):26~29
31.杨志海,王雅鹏,麦尔旦·吐尔孙.农户耕地质量保护性投入行为及其影响因素分析---基于兼业分化视角.中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(12):105~112
32.钱忠好,王兴稳.农地流转何以促进农户收入增加---基于苏、桂、鄂、黑四省(区)农户调查数据的实证分析.中国农村经济,2016(10):39~50
33.郑鑫.丹江口库区农户有机肥施用的影响因素分析.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,11(1):11~15
34.朱希刚,赵绪福.贫困山区农业技术采用的决定因素分析.农业技术经济,1995(5):18~21
35.仇童伟,罗必良.农地产权强度对农业生产要素配置的影响.中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):63~70
(1)数据来源:http://www. china. com. cn/news/2016-04/28/content_38342180. htm
*标准化非农就业人数=(一年内非农就业10个月以上人数)×1+(一年内非农就业7~9个月以上人数)×0. 75+(一年内非农就业4~6个月以上人数)×0. 5+(一年内非农就业3个月以下人数)×0. 25