2001—2015年间我国陆地植被覆盖度时空变化及驱动力分析
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摘要
基于MODIS-NDVI遥感数据反演计算了我国陆地2001—2015年地表植被覆盖度的空间分布,讨论了植被覆盖度的时空变化规律,分析了影响植被覆盖度近十几年来动态变化的主要驱动因素。研究结果表明:我国陆地植被覆盖度从2001—2015年,植被覆盖度总体上呈增加趋势,其中淮河流域、华北平原地区、以及黄土高原地区增加趋势显著。根据植被覆盖度在时间序列上的变化特征,可将其变化类型分为持续增长型、先减小后增长等六种类型,其中农业种植区基本为一直增长型,而主要森林覆盖区,特别是西南地区的植被覆盖度在研究时段内表现出波动性的变化特征。降水是驱动华北平原北部、内蒙古、以及西北大部分区域植被覆盖度动态变化的重要因素,东北、青藏高原等地区植被覆盖度受温度的影响较大,而在中国东南沿海地区,光照条件是影响该区域植被覆盖度的主要因素。
Vegetation coverage is a quantitative index to reflect the surface condition of plant communities, and it can indicate the regional environmental change,which has important significance for the regional hydrological,ecological conditions and the regional response of the global change. In this study,based on the MODIS-NDVI data during the period from 2001 to 2015,the mean values of vegetation coverage were Firstly calculated every three years,and the differences of distribution during each period were investigated;Secondly,the variation rate of vegetation coverage was computed at the national scale during the study period,and six variation types were defined and the distribution of different types was analyzed in order to understand the variation characteristics;Finally,the drivers of the vegetation coverage change in different areas were analyzed by computing the correlation between vegetation coverage and typical climatic factors,such as annual mean temperature,annual precipitation and annual average sunshine percentage.The results were summarized as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of vegetation coverage in China is gradually reduced from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.From 2001 to 2015,there were regional variations of the vegetation coverage which caused little difference in terms of the overall distribution trend.(2) Over the past 15 years,the vegetation coverage in China had shown an increasing trend,in particular,in the Huaihe River Basin,the North China Plain area and the Loess Plateau region it was increased significantly.While the vegetation coverage of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolia plateau had little change.(3) According to the time series analysis of the vegetation coverage,the variation type can be divided into six categories,such as continuous growth,reduced-after-initially-increase,and so on.The vegetation coverage in most plain areas showed a continuous growth,while most of the forest-covered area,especially in the southwest,the vegetation coverage showed the variation characteristics of volatility during the study period.(4) By calculating the correlation coefficient between vegetation coverage and the selected climatic factors,it can be found that the vegetation coverage and precipitation were significantly and positively correlated in the Northern China Plain,Inner Mongolia,and most of the northwest area,which indicated that precipitation is the main climatic factor that affects vegetation coverage in those areas.Climate factors such as temperature,sunshine have a significant positive correlation with vegetation coverage in humid climate region,while there is a significant negative correlation in arid climate region.
Vegetation coverage is a quantitative index to reflect the surface condition of plant communities, and it can indicate the regional environmental change,which has important significance for the regional hydrological,ecological conditions and the regional response of the global change. In this study,based on the MODIS-NDVI data during the period from 2001 to 2015,the mean values of vegetation coverage were Firstly calculated every three years,and the differences of distribution during each period were investigated;Secondly,the variation rate of vegetation coverage was computed at the national scale during the study period,and six variation types were defined and the distribution of different types was analyzed in order to understand the variation characteristics;Finally,the drivers of the vegetation coverage change in different areas were analyzed by computing the correlation between vegetation coverage and typical climatic factors,such as annual mean temperature,annual precipitation and annual average sunshine percentage.The results were summarized as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of vegetation coverage in China is gradually reduced from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.From 2001 to 2015,there were regional variations of the vegetation coverage which caused little difference in terms of the overall distribution trend.(2) Over the past 15 years,the vegetation coverage in China had shown an increasing trend,in particular,in the Huaihe River Basin,the North China Plain area and the Loess Plateau region it was increased significantly.While the vegetation coverage of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolia plateau had little change.(3) According to the time series analysis of the vegetation coverage,the variation type can be divided into six categories,such as continuous growth,reduced-after-initially-increase,and so on.The vegetation coverage in most plain areas showed a continuous growth,while most of the forest-covered area,especially in the southwest,the vegetation coverage showed the variation characteristics of volatility during the study period.(4) By calculating the correlation coefficient between vegetation coverage and the selected climatic factors,it can be found that the vegetation coverage and precipitation were significantly and positively correlated in the Northern China Plain,Inner Mongolia,and most of the northwest area,which indicated that precipitation is the main climatic factor that affects vegetation coverage in those areas.Climate factors such as temperature,sunshine have a significant positive correlation with vegetation coverage in humid climate region,while there is a significant negative correlation in arid climate region.
引文
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[8] 张学珍,朱金峰.1982—2006年中国东部植被覆盖度的变化[J].气候与环境研究,2013,18(3):365-374.[ZHANG Xuezhen,ZHU Jinfeng.Variations in fractional vegetation coverage over eastern China during 1982—2006[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2013,18 (3):365-374.]
[9] 刘洋,李诚志,刘志辉,等.1982—2013 年基于GIMMS-NDVI 的新疆植被覆盖时空变化[J].生态学报,2016,36(19):6198-6208.[LIU Yang,LI Chengzhi,LIU Zhihui,et al.Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in vegetation cover in Xinjiang from 1982 to 2013 besed on GIMMS-NDVI[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(19):6198-6208.]
[10] 代希波,高守杰,郭光毅,等.1990—2010年间我国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖度变化归因[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(5):389-395.[DAI Xibo,GAO Shoujie,GUO Guangyi,et al.The attribution of variation of the plant coverage degree in the agricultural-animal region of northern China during 1990—2010[J].Journal of Hubei University(Natural Science),2014,36(5):389-395.]
[11] 赵舒怡,宫兆宁,刘旭颖.2001—2013年华北地区植被覆盖度与干旱条件的相关分析[J].地理学报,2015,70(5):717-729.[ZHAO Shuyi,GONG Zhaoning,LIU Xuying.Correlation analysis between vegetation coverage and climate drought conditions in north China during 2001—2013[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(5):717-729.]
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[14] 孙智辉,雷廷鹏,卓静,等.延安北部丘陵沟壑区退耕还林(草)成效的遥感监测[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6555-6562.[SUN Zhihui,LEI Yanpeng,ZHUO Jing,et al.Remote sensing analysis of the effectiveness of converting farmland into forest or grass in the hilly gully region of Northern Yan’an[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(23):6555-6562.]
[15] 周德成,赵淑清,朱超.退耕还林还草工程对中国北方农牧交错区土地利用/覆被变化的影响——以科尔沁左翼后旗为例[J].地理科学,2012,32(4):442-449 [ZHOU Decheng,ZHAO Shuqing,ZHU Chao.The impact of the grain for green project on the Land Use/Cover Change in the northern farming-pastoral ecotone:A case study of Kezuohouqi County[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(4):442-449]
[16] 周德成,赵淑清,朱超.退耕还林工程对黄土高原土地利用/覆被变化的影响——以陕西省安塞县为例[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(11):1866-1878.[ZHOU Decheng,ZHAO Shuqing,ZHU Chao.Impacts of the sloping land conversion program on the Land Use/Cover Change in the Loess Plateau:A case study in Ansai County of Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources.2011,26(11):1866-1878.]
[17] 信忠保,许炯心,郑伟.气候变化和人类活动对黄土高原植被变化的影响[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2007,37(11):1504-1514.[XIN Zhongbao,XU Tongxin,ZHENG Wei.Effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation change in Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Sinica:(Terrae),2007,37(11):1504-1514.]
[18] 易浪,任志远,张翀,等.黄土高原植被覆盖变化与气候和人类活动的关系[J].资源科学,2014,36(1):166-174.[YI Lang,REN Zhiyuan,ZHANG Chong,et al.Vegetation cover,climate and human activities on the Loess Plateau[J].Resources Science,2014,36(1):166-174.]
[19] 阿多,赵文吉,宫兆宁,等.1981—2013华北平原气候时空变化及其对植被覆盖度的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):1-17 [A Duo,ZHAO Wenji,GONG Zhaoning,et al.Temporal analysis of climate change and its relationship with vegetation cover on the north China plain from 1981 to 2013[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(2):1-17.]
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