陕西渭河中下游流域黏土矿物分布特征分析
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摘要
利用土地质量地球化学调查的7种氧化物数据,对陕西渭河中下游流域内的黏土矿物进行能谱分析,建立了质量守恒方程组,将求解黏土矿物含量问题转化为求解线性规划最优解,以研究黏土矿物分布特征。结果显示:该方法简单易行,准确性较高;土壤发育处于幼年—中间阶段,主要黏土矿物是伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石,次要黏土矿物为蛭石、绿泥石,其含量因地貌类型而不同,体现不同的风化过程。其中,渭北台塬以黑云母-绿泥石-蛭石为主;中低山区以长石-伊利石-蒙脱石-高岭石为主;秦岭北缘由2种风化过程共同作用而成;河谷区域则是2种风化过程均较弱。此外,黏土矿物分布特征还综合反映了土壤类型及其性质,标识了不同地史时期的冷干和暖湿古气候的交替变化。
In this paper,the energy spectrum analysis of clay minerals in the middle and lower reaches of Weihe River in Shaanxi Province has been carried out by using 7 kinds of oxide data from the investigation of land quality geochemistry.And then,a set of quality conservation equations has been established,which transformed the problem of solving clay mineral content into solving the optimal solution of linear programming to study the distribution of clay minerals.The results show that this method is simple and accurate.Soil development is still at a relatively early stage.The main viscous minerals are illite,montmorillonite,kaolinite,while the secondary clay minerals are vermiculite and chlorite.The different type of landform cause the difference in clay mineral content,reflecting the different weathering processes.For example,the Weibei platform is dominated by biotite,chlorite and vermiculite.The middle and low mountainous areas are dominated by feldspar,mica,illite,montmorillonite and kaolin.The northern margin of the Qinling Mountains is composed of two weathering processes,while the valley area is weak in both weathering processes.In addition,the distribution characteristics of clay minerals also reflect the soil type and its nature,indicating the alternating changes of cold dry and warm ancient climate in different geological times.
In this paper,the energy spectrum analysis of clay minerals in the middle and lower reaches of Weihe River in Shaanxi Province has been carried out by using 7 kinds of oxide data from the investigation of land quality geochemistry.And then,a set of quality conservation equations has been established,which transformed the problem of solving clay mineral content into solving the optimal solution of linear programming to study the distribution of clay minerals.The results show that this method is simple and accurate.Soil development is still at a relatively early stage.The main viscous minerals are illite,montmorillonite,kaolinite,while the secondary clay minerals are vermiculite and chlorite.The different type of landform cause the difference in clay mineral content,reflecting the different weathering processes.For example,the Weibei platform is dominated by biotite,chlorite and vermiculite.The middle and low mountainous areas are dominated by feldspar,mica,illite,montmorillonite and kaolin.The northern margin of the Qinling Mountains is composed of two weathering processes,while the valley area is weak in both weathering processes.In addition,the distribution characteristics of clay minerals also reflect the soil type and its nature,indicating the alternating changes of cold dry and warm ancient climate in different geological times.
引文
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张枝枝,张福平,燕玉超,等.渭河两岸缓冲带的土壤有机质含量分布特征及其影响因子[J].土壤,2017,49(2):393-399.ZHANG Zhizhi,ZHANG Fuping,YAN Yuchao,et al.Distribution Characteristics and Influential Factors of Soil Organic Matter Content at Buffer Zone Along Weihe River[J].Soils,2017,49(2):393-399.
庞奖励,黄春长,张旭.关中地区古耕作土壤和现代耕作土壤微形态特征及意义[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(7):1395-1402.PANG Jiangli,HUANG Chunchang,ZHANG Xu.Micromorphological Features of Old Cultivated and Modern Soil in Guanzhong Areas of Shaanxi Province,North China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(7):1395-1402.
张永双,曲永新.黄土高原马兰黄土黏土矿物的定量研究[J].地质伦评,2004,50(5):530-537.ZHANG Yongshuang,QU Yongxin.Quantitative research on the clay minerals composition of the Malan LOESSfrom the loess plateau in China[J].Geological Review,2004,50(5):530-537.
李小虎,张新虎,郑朋,等.土壤矿物学研究综述[J].甘肃地质学报,2003,12(1):0037-0042.LI Xiaohu,ZHANG Xinhu,ZHRNG Peng,et al.Advance on the research of soil mineralogy[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2003,12(1):0037-0042.
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杨振明,闫飞,韩丽梅,等.我国主要土壤不同粒级的矿物组成及供钾特点[J].土壤通报,1999,30(4):163-167.YANG Zhenming,YAN Fei,HAN Limei,et al.Mineral composition and potassium supply characteristics of different grains of China's main soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1999,30(4):163-167.
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齐雁冰,常庆瑞,刘梦云.风蚀水蚀交错区黄土黏土矿物特征及环境意义[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):0159-0162.QI Yanbing,CHANG Qingrui,LIU Mengyun.Clay mineral characteristics of loess as well as environmental significance in windwater erosion crisscross region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):0159-0162.
陈俊卿.太白山北坡土壤的黏土矿物[J].土壤学报,1982,19(3):273-282.CHEN Junqing.Clay minerals of soils on the north slope of Taibai Mountain[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1982,19(3):273-282.
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刘浩,韩晶.MATLAB R2014a完全自学一本通[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2016,314-323.LIU Hao,HAN Jing.MATLAB R2014aTotally selftaught[M].Beijing:Electronic Industry Press,2016,314-323.
孙庆峰,CHRISTOPHE Colin,陈发虎,等.气候环境变化研究中影响黏土矿物形成及其丰度因素的讨论[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2011,30(2):0291-0300.SUN Qingfeng,CHRISTOPHE Colin,CHEN Fahu,et al.A discussion on the factors affecting formation and quantity of clay minerals in climatic and environmental researches[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2011,30(2):0291-0300.
师育新,戴雪荣,宋之光,等.我国不同气候带黄土中黏土矿物组合特征分析[J].沉积学报,2005,23(4):0690-0695.SHI Yuxin,DAI Xuerong,SONG Zhiguang,et al.Characteristics of Clay Mineral Assemb lages and Their Spatial Distribution of Chinese Loess in Different Clmiatic Zones[J].Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2005,23(4):0690-0695.
郑洪汉,B.K.G.Theng,J.S Whitton.黄土高原黄土-古土壤的矿物组成及其环境意义[J].地球化学,1994,23(suppl.):113-123.ZHENG Honghan.B.K.G.Theng,J.S Whitton.Mineral composition of loess-paleosol in the loess plateau of china and its environmental implications[J].Geochimica,1994,23(Suppl.):113-123.
赵景波,黄春长,韩佳,等.长安县黄土中的风化壳与环境研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,28(3):0115-0120.ZHAO Jingbo,HUANG Chunchang,HAN Jia,et al.Research on environment and weathering crusts in loess of Chang an area[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2000,28(3):0115-0120.
贾相岳.黄土高原不同水热条件下黄土母质土壤矿物演化特征[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013,38-39.JIA Xiangyue.Mineralogy characteristics of soil evolution on the loess parent minerals under different hydrothermal conditions on the Loess Plateau[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013,38-39.
徐明岗,安战士.陕西土壤的矿物组成与阳离子交换量关系的研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1989,17(2):87-92.XU Minggang,AN Zhanshi.A Study on the relationship between mineral composition and the cation exchange capacity in Shaanxi soils[J].Journal of Northwest A&FUniversity,1989,17(2):87-92.
张青青,黄菁华,姚军,等.淳化黄土-古土壤序列黏土矿物分布特征及古环境意义[J].土壤学报,2018,55(5):1062-1073.ZHANG Qingqing,HUANG Jinghua,YAO Jun,et al.Distribution of Clay Minerals in the Chunhua Loess-paleosol Sequence and Its Paleoenvironmental Significance[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2018,55(5):1062-1073.
张枝枝,张福平,燕玉超,等.渭河两岸缓冲带的土壤有机质含量分布特征及其影响因子[J].土壤,2017,49(2):393-399.ZHANG Zhizhi,ZHANG Fuping,YAN Yuchao,et al.Distribution Characteristics and Influential Factors of Soil Organic Matter Content at Buffer Zone Along Weihe River[J].Soils,2017,49(2):393-399.
庞奖励,黄春长,张旭.关中地区古耕作土壤和现代耕作土壤微形态特征及意义[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(7):1395-1402.PANG Jiangli,HUANG Chunchang,ZHANG Xu.Micromorphological Features of Old Cultivated and Modern Soil in Guanzhong Areas of Shaanxi Province,North China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(7):1395-1402.
张永双,曲永新.黄土高原马兰黄土黏土矿物的定量研究[J].地质伦评,2004,50(5):530-537.ZHANG Yongshuang,QU Yongxin.Quantitative research on the clay minerals composition of the Malan LOESSfrom the loess plateau in China[J].Geological Review,2004,50(5):530-537.
李小虎,张新虎,郑朋,等.土壤矿物学研究综述[J].甘肃地质学报,2003,12(1):0037-0042.LI Xiaohu,ZHANG Xinhu,ZHRNG Peng,et al.Advance on the research of soil mineralogy[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2003,12(1):0037-0042.
鲁春霞.黏土矿物在古环境研究中的指示作用[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(4):456-460.LU Chunxia.The indicative role of clay minerals in paleoenvironmental research[J].Chinese Desert,1997,17(4):456-460.
杨振明,闫飞,韩丽梅,等.我国主要土壤不同粒级的矿物组成及供钾特点[J].土壤通报,1999,30(4):163-167.YANG Zhenming,YAN Fei,HAN Limei,et al.Mineral composition and potassium supply characteristics of different grains of China's main soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1999,30(4):163-167.
汤艳杰,贾建业,谢先德.黏土矿物的环境意义[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):0337-0344.TANG Yanjie,JIA Jianye,XIE Xiande.Environmental significance of clay minerals[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):0337-0344.
齐雁冰,常庆瑞,刘梦云.风蚀水蚀交错区黄土黏土矿物特征及环境意义[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):0159-0162.QI Yanbing,CHANG Qingrui,LIU Mengyun.Clay mineral characteristics of loess as well as environmental significance in windwater erosion crisscross region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):0159-0162.
陈俊卿.太白山北坡土壤的黏土矿物[J].土壤学报,1982,19(3):273-282.CHEN Junqing.Clay minerals of soils on the north slope of Taibai Mountain[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1982,19(3):273-282.
徐速,徐冠立,孙传敏,等.成都地区主要粘性土壤的矿物学特征[J].科技通报,2012,28(10):0007-0010.XU Su,XU Guanli,SUN Chuanmin,et al.Mineralogical character of main clay soils in Chengdu[J].Science and Technology Bulletin,2012,28(10):0007-0010.
孙一博,刘朋飞,王文科,等.渭河流域地下水的水化学特征及形成机制[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(2):152-158.SUN Yibo,LIU Pengfei,WANG Wenke,et al.Chemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in the Weihe River Basin[J].SouthtoNorth Water Diversion and Water Technology,2016,14(2):152-158.
奚小环,陈国光,张德存,等.多目标区域地球化学调查规范(1:250000)(DZ/T 0258-2014)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.XI Xiaohuan,CHEN Guoguang,ZHANG Decun,et al.Specifications of multiPurpose regional geochemical investigation(1:250000)(DZ/T0258-2014)[S].Beijing:China Standard Publishing House,2015.
张文博,张福平,苏玉波,等.渭河干流沿岸土壤有机质空间分布特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(1):0138-0143.ZHANG Wenbo,ZHANG Fuping,SU Yubo,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and its influencing factors on two along the mainstream of the Weihe River[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(1):0138-0143.
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