稻田水旱轮作系统对土壤有机碳及产量的短期影响
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摘要
[目的]探明不同水旱轮作系统对稻田不同土层土壤活性有机碳组分、碳库管理指数、土壤有机碳储量和作物产量的短期影响。[方法]2017年在荆州市江陵县三湖农场开展试验,采用随机区组设计,设置中稻-冬闲(RF)、中稻-油菜(RR)、中稻-小麦(RW)和春玉米-晚稻(MR)4种种植模式。[结果]与RF处理相比,MR处理显著降低了稻田不同层次的土壤总有机碳含量;且RW、RR和MR处理均降低了稻田土壤活性有机碳含量。MR处理有利于碳库活度和碳库活度指数的提高,RR处理则利于稳态碳和碳库指数的提高。不同土层各处理的土壤有机碳储量差异趋势一致,均为RR>RF>RW>MR,与RF处理相比,RR处理土壤有机碳储量增加了8.14%。与RF处理相比,RW、RR和MR处理产量分别增加了46.71%、35.77%和35.33%。[结论]RR模式更有利于稻田土壤有机碳的固持,是适宜在当地推广的水旱轮作模式。
[Objective] In order to give an insight into soil active organic carbon in different soil layers,carbon pool management index,soil organic carbon storage and crop yieldas short-term affected by paddy-upland rotation systems.[Method] A field experiment was conducted at Sanhu Farm of Jiangling County of Jingzhou in 2017.Different cropping patterns were established following a design of randomized complete block with rice-fallow(RF),rice-rapeseed(RR),rice-wheat(RW) and maize-rice(MR).[Result] Compared with RF treatment,MR treatment significantly reduced the total organic carbon content in different layers of paddy soil,and RW,RR and MR treatment all reduced the active organic carbon content in paddy soil.MR treatment was benefit to increasing activity of carbon pool and carbon pool activity index; whereas,RR treatment was benefit to increasing stable carbon and carbon pool index.The soil organic carbon storage difference in different soil layers showed same tendency among paddy-upland rotation systems,all were RR > RF > RW > MR.Compared with RF treatment,soil organic carbon storage of RR treatment increased by 8.14%.Compared with RF treatment,the yield of RW,RR and MR treatment increased by 46.71%,35.77% and 35.33%,respectively.[Conclusion] RR pattern is more conducive to the retention of soil organic carbon in paddy fields,and is suitable for the promotion of paddy-upland rotation system in the local area.
[Objective] In order to give an insight into soil active organic carbon in different soil layers,carbon pool management index,soil organic carbon storage and crop yieldas short-term affected by paddy-upland rotation systems.[Method] A field experiment was conducted at Sanhu Farm of Jiangling County of Jingzhou in 2017.Different cropping patterns were established following a design of randomized complete block with rice-fallow(RF),rice-rapeseed(RR),rice-wheat(RW) and maize-rice(MR).[Result] Compared with RF treatment,MR treatment significantly reduced the total organic carbon content in different layers of paddy soil,and RW,RR and MR treatment all reduced the active organic carbon content in paddy soil.MR treatment was benefit to increasing activity of carbon pool and carbon pool activity index; whereas,RR treatment was benefit to increasing stable carbon and carbon pool index.The soil organic carbon storage difference in different soil layers showed same tendency among paddy-upland rotation systems,all were RR > RF > RW > MR.Compared with RF treatment,soil organic carbon storage of RR treatment increased by 8.14%.Compared with RF treatment,the yield of RW,RR and MR treatment increased by 46.71%,35.77% and 35.33%,respectively.[Conclusion] RR pattern is more conducive to the retention of soil organic carbon in paddy fields,and is suitable for the promotion of paddy-upland rotation system in the local area.
引文
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[21] 王丹丹,周亮,黄胜奇,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对表层土壤活性有机碳组分与产量的短期影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):735-740.
[22] 张英英,蔡立群,武均,等.不同耕作措施下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤活性有机碳组分及其与酶活性间的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):1-7.
[23] 张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):359-365.
[24] 王淑彬,王礼献,杨文亭,等.南方不同“冬种+双季稻”种植模式对土壤有机碳和作物产量的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(18):6603-6610.
[25] 邹娟.冬油菜施肥效果及土壤养分丰缺指标研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[26] 殷艳,廖星,余波,等.我国油菜生产区域布局演变和成因分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(1):147-151.
[27]王飞,李清华,林诚,等.冷浸田水旱轮作对作物生产及土壤特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1469-1476.
[2] LUO Z K,FENG W T,LUO Y Q,et al.Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate,carbon inputs,soil properties and soil carbon fractions[J].Global change biology,2017,23(10):4430-4439.
[3] COX P M,PEARSON D,BOOTH B B,et al.Sensitivity of tropical carbon to climate change constrained by carbon dioxide variability[J].Nature,2013,494(7437):341-344.
[4] 彭华,纪雄辉,吴家梅,等.不同稻草还田模式下双季稻土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(4):563-568.
[5] XU Y,ZHAN M,CAO C G,et al.Effects of irrigation management during the rice growing season on soil organic carbon pools[J].Plant & soil,2017,421(1/2):337-351.
[6] 李硕,李有兵,王淑娟,等.关中平原作物秸秆不同还田方式对土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(4):1215-1222.
[7] BLAIR G J,LEFROY R D B,LISE L.Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation,and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems[J].Australian journal of agricultural research,1995,46(7):1459-1466.
[8] LIU X Y,RASHTI M R,DOUGALL A,et al.Subsoil application of compost improved sugarcane yield through enhanced supply and cycling of soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen in an acidic soil at tropical Australia[J].Soil & tillage research,2018,180:73-81.
[9] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[10] 李淑娅,田少阳,袁国印,等.长江中游不同玉稻种植模式产量及资源利用效率的比较研究[J].作物学报,2015,41(10):1537-1547.
[11] 徐莹.稻田节水灌溉对稻-油轮作温室气体排放及土壤有机碳的影响机制[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[12] 范明生,江荣风,张福锁,等.水旱轮作系统作物养分管理策略[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):424-432.
[13] 黄伟生,彭佩钦,苏以荣,等.洞庭湖区耕地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(3):756-760.
[14] 吴玉红,郝兴顺,田霄鸿,等.秸秆还田对汉中盆地稻田土壤有机碳组分、碳储量及水稻产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):325-331.
[15] 李清华,王飞,林诚,等.水旱轮作对冷浸田土壤碳、氮、磷养分活化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):113-117.
[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17] 金峰,杨浩,赵其国.土壤有机碳储量及影响因素研究进展[J].土壤,2000(1):11-17.
[18] 丁雪丽,韩晓增,乔云发,等.农田土壤有机碳固存的主要影响因子及其稳定机制[J].土壤通报,2012,43(3):737-744.
[19] 唐海明,程凯凯,肖小平,等.不同冬季覆盖作物对双季稻田土壤有机碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):465-473.
[20] HAO Y,LAL R,OWENS L B,et al.Effect of cropland management and slope position on soil organic carbon pool at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds[J].Soil & tillage research,2002,68(2):133-142.
[21] 王丹丹,周亮,黄胜奇,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对表层土壤活性有机碳组分与产量的短期影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):735-740.
[22] 张英英,蔡立群,武均,等.不同耕作措施下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤活性有机碳组分及其与酶活性间的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):1-7.
[23] 张贵龙,赵建宁,宋晓龙,等.施肥对土壤有机碳含量及碳库管理指数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):359-365.
[24] 王淑彬,王礼献,杨文亭,等.南方不同“冬种+双季稻”种植模式对土壤有机碳和作物产量的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(18):6603-6610.
[25] 邹娟.冬油菜施肥效果及土壤养分丰缺指标研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[26] 殷艳,廖星,余波,等.我国油菜生产区域布局演变和成因分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(1):147-151.
[27]王飞,李清华,林诚,等.冷浸田水旱轮作对作物生产及土壤特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1469-1476.