大通湖1龄中华绒螯蟹形态指标及质量参数研究
|
摘要
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的苗种质量对养殖成功与否及产量高低具有十分重要的作用;形态参数是遗传和外界环境共同作用的结果,也是判定中华绒螯蟹品质的重要指标之一。为探究1龄中华绒螯蟹形态特征及相关质量参数的关系,选取湖南省大通湖1龄幼蟹275只,其中雌蟹141只、雄蟹134只,逐个测定头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、体高、体重等指标,称量体肉、腿肉、螯肉、肝胰腺等可食用部分的湿重和干重以及体壳、腿壳、螯壳等不可食用部分的湿重和干重,计算各基本形态指标的平均数、标准差及变异系数、各部位含水率及占总体重比例、肥满度等指标;使用独立样本T-检验比较雌雄差异,利用Pearson对各参数进行相关分析,并通过逐步回归法建立体重与形态指标回归模型。结果表明,不同性别中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、体高、肥满度均无显著差异(P>0.05),雄性体重较雌性大(P<0.05),其中雌蟹体重为(8.543±2.555)g,雄蟹体重为(9.304±2.977)g。雌蟹和雄蟹可食用部分含水率及其占总干重的比例均无显著差异(P>0.05)。1龄中华绒螯蟹的头胸甲长(X_1)、头胸甲宽(X_2)、体高(X_3)与体重(Y)的最优多元线性回归方程为Y=-15.763+3.118 X1+4.634 X_2+3.897 X_3(R~2=0.926),体重与头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、体高显著相关。本研究可为中华绒螯蟹养殖产量估算、品质鉴定提供参考。
The quality of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis are important for successful breeding and production.Morphological attributes,resulting from the interaction of genetics and environment,determine the quality of E.sinensis.In this study,we explored the relationship between the morphological attributes and quality parameters of juvenile E.sinensis in Datong Lake.In April 2016,275one-year E.sinensis,including 141 females and 134 males,were collected from Datong Lake,of weight 6-10 g.Five basic morphological attributes including carapace length(X_1),carapace width(X_2),carapace height(X_3),body weight(Y)and relative fatness were recorded for each crab.At the same time,quality parameters were measured,including dry and wet weights of edible parts including body meat,leg meat,chela meat and hepatopancreas,as well as the inedible parts including body shell,leg shell,and chela shell.The mean value,standard deviation and variation coefficient of each morphological attribute,the water content of edible parts,the proportion of edible weight to total body weight and fatness were calculated.The difference between males and females was determined by independent sample T-test.The regression relationship of each parameter was calculated by the Pearson method and stepwise regression was used to develop a model between quality parameters and morphological attributes.There were no significant differences in carapace length,carapace width,body height or relative fatness between sexes(P>0.05),but male crabs(9.304±2.977)g were significantly(P<0.05)heavier than female crabs(8.543±2.555)g.The water content of the edible parts and the proportion of edible part weight to total body weight were not significantly different between male and female crabs(P>0.05).The relationship between body weight and carapace length,carapace width,carapace height of juvenile E.sinensis was described by multiple linear regression equation:Y=-15.763+ 3.118 X_1+4.634 X_2+3.897 X_3,and the correlation coefficient(0.926)indicated that the correlation was significant.This study provides a reference for estimating production and evaluating the quality of E.sinensis.
The quality of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis are important for successful breeding and production.Morphological attributes,resulting from the interaction of genetics and environment,determine the quality of E.sinensis.In this study,we explored the relationship between the morphological attributes and quality parameters of juvenile E.sinensis in Datong Lake.In April 2016,275one-year E.sinensis,including 141 females and 134 males,were collected from Datong Lake,of weight 6-10 g.Five basic morphological attributes including carapace length(X_1),carapace width(X_2),carapace height(X_3),body weight(Y)and relative fatness were recorded for each crab.At the same time,quality parameters were measured,including dry and wet weights of edible parts including body meat,leg meat,chela meat and hepatopancreas,as well as the inedible parts including body shell,leg shell,and chela shell.The mean value,standard deviation and variation coefficient of each morphological attribute,the water content of edible parts,the proportion of edible weight to total body weight and fatness were calculated.The difference between males and females was determined by independent sample T-test.The regression relationship of each parameter was calculated by the Pearson method and stepwise regression was used to develop a model between quality parameters and morphological attributes.There were no significant differences in carapace length,carapace width,body height or relative fatness between sexes(P>0.05),but male crabs(9.304±2.977)g were significantly(P<0.05)heavier than female crabs(8.543±2.555)g.The water content of the edible parts and the proportion of edible part weight to total body weight were not significantly different between male and female crabs(P>0.05).The relationship between body weight and carapace length,carapace width,carapace height of juvenile E.sinensis was described by multiple linear regression equation:Y=-15.763+ 3.118 X_1+4.634 X_2+3.897 X_3,and the correlation coefficient(0.926)indicated that the correlation was significant.This study provides a reference for estimating production and evaluating the quality of E.sinensis.
引文
堵南山,赖伟,陈鹏程,等,1999.中华绒螯蟹卵黄形成的研究[J].动物学报,45(1):88-92.
高志千,周开亚,1998.中华绒螯蟹遗传变异的RAPD分析[J].生物多样性,6(3):186-190.
耿绪云,王雪惠,孙金生,等,2007.中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)一龄幼蟹外部形态性状对体重的影响效果分析[J].海洋与湖沼,38(1):49-54.
何杰,吴旭干,龙晓文,等,2015.池塘养殖和野生长江水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹形态学及生化组成的比较研究[J].水产学报,39(11):1665-1678.
何杰,2005.中华绒螯蟹池塘生态养殖群体生长特征研究[J].水利渔业,25(6):10-11.
洪美玲,陈立侨,顾顺樟,等,2007.氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹免疫指标及肝胰腺组织结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,14(3):412-418.
李思发,赵金良,邹曙明,等,2005.GB/T 19783-2005.ICS67.120.30-B 52-2005.中华绒螯蟹(Chinesemitten-handed crab)[M].北京:中国标准出版社.
李思发,邹曙明,1999.中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹(中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹)群体亲缘关系:RAPD指纹标记[J].水产学报,23(4):325-330.
刘青,刘皓,吴旭干,等,2015.长江、黄河和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].海洋与湖沼,46(4):958-968.
沈锦玉,尹文林,钱冬,等,2000.中华绒螯蟹“腹水病”及“抖抖病”并发病病原的研究[J].中国水产科学,7(3):89-92.
宋林生,季延宾,蔡中华,等,2004.温度骤升对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)几种免疫化学指标的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,35(1):74-77.
汪留全,邓朝阳,2000.池塘养蟹的放养密度与产量和育成规格的研究[J].水生态学杂志,20(6):16-17.
汪留全,周婉华,1989.池养中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长特性的初步研究[J].水产学报,13(1):17-23.
吴旭干,成永旭,常国亮,等,2007.亲本强化培育对中华绒螯蟹雌体生殖性能和Z_1幼体质量的影响[J].水产学报,31(6):757-764.
许加武,任明荣,李思发,1997.长江、辽河、瓯江中华绒螯蟹种群的形态判别[J].水产学报,21(3):269-274.
杨培根,李晨虹,1998.笼养中华绒螯蟹的蜕壳与生长[J].上海海洋大学学报,7(2):158-161.
杨文斌,苏彦平,刘洪波,等,2012.长江水系3个湖泊中华绒蟹形态及元素“指纹”特征[J].中国水产科学,19(1):84-93.
张森,2011.河蟹生态健康养殖初探[C].水产太空育种与健康养殖海峡两岸青年科学家研讨会暨水产生物技术专业委员会2009年会.
邹曙明,李思发,2002.中华绒螯蟹欧洲、美国的移植[J].上海水产大学学报,11(4):393-396.
Hui C A,Rudnick D,Williams E,2005.Mercury burdens in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)in three tributaries of southern San Francisco Bay,California,USA[J].Environmental Pollution,133(3):481-487.
MontúM,Anger K,Bakker C D,1996.Larval development of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis,H.Milne-Edwards(Decapoda:Grapsidae)reared in the laboratory[J].Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen,50(2):223-252.
Wójcik D,Normant M,2014.Gonad maturity in female Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis from the southern Baltic Sea-the first description of ovigerous females and the embryo developmental stage[J].Oceanologia,56(4):779-787.
YU A Q,JIN X K,GUO X N,et al,2013.Two novel Toll genes(EsToll1and EsToll2)from Eriocheir sinensis are differentially induced by lipopolysaccharide,peptidoglycan and zymosan[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,35(4):1282-1292.
高志千,周开亚,1998.中华绒螯蟹遗传变异的RAPD分析[J].生物多样性,6(3):186-190.
耿绪云,王雪惠,孙金生,等,2007.中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)一龄幼蟹外部形态性状对体重的影响效果分析[J].海洋与湖沼,38(1):49-54.
何杰,吴旭干,龙晓文,等,2015.池塘养殖和野生长江水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹形态学及生化组成的比较研究[J].水产学报,39(11):1665-1678.
何杰,2005.中华绒螯蟹池塘生态养殖群体生长特征研究[J].水利渔业,25(6):10-11.
洪美玲,陈立侨,顾顺樟,等,2007.氨氮胁迫对中华绒螯蟹免疫指标及肝胰腺组织结构的影响[J].中国水产科学,14(3):412-418.
李思发,赵金良,邹曙明,等,2005.GB/T 19783-2005.ICS67.120.30-B 52-2005.中华绒螯蟹(Chinesemitten-handed crab)[M].北京:中国标准出版社.
李思发,邹曙明,1999.中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹(中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹)群体亲缘关系:RAPD指纹标记[J].水产学报,23(4):325-330.
刘青,刘皓,吴旭干,等,2015.长江、黄河和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析[J].海洋与湖沼,46(4):958-968.
沈锦玉,尹文林,钱冬,等,2000.中华绒螯蟹“腹水病”及“抖抖病”并发病病原的研究[J].中国水产科学,7(3):89-92.
宋林生,季延宾,蔡中华,等,2004.温度骤升对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)几种免疫化学指标的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,35(1):74-77.
汪留全,邓朝阳,2000.池塘养蟹的放养密度与产量和育成规格的研究[J].水生态学杂志,20(6):16-17.
汪留全,周婉华,1989.池养中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长特性的初步研究[J].水产学报,13(1):17-23.
吴旭干,成永旭,常国亮,等,2007.亲本强化培育对中华绒螯蟹雌体生殖性能和Z_1幼体质量的影响[J].水产学报,31(6):757-764.
许加武,任明荣,李思发,1997.长江、辽河、瓯江中华绒螯蟹种群的形态判别[J].水产学报,21(3):269-274.
杨培根,李晨虹,1998.笼养中华绒螯蟹的蜕壳与生长[J].上海海洋大学学报,7(2):158-161.
杨文斌,苏彦平,刘洪波,等,2012.长江水系3个湖泊中华绒蟹形态及元素“指纹”特征[J].中国水产科学,19(1):84-93.
张森,2011.河蟹生态健康养殖初探[C].水产太空育种与健康养殖海峡两岸青年科学家研讨会暨水产生物技术专业委员会2009年会.
邹曙明,李思发,2002.中华绒螯蟹欧洲、美国的移植[J].上海水产大学学报,11(4):393-396.
Hui C A,Rudnick D,Williams E,2005.Mercury burdens in Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)in three tributaries of southern San Francisco Bay,California,USA[J].Environmental Pollution,133(3):481-487.
MontúM,Anger K,Bakker C D,1996.Larval development of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis,H.Milne-Edwards(Decapoda:Grapsidae)reared in the laboratory[J].Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen,50(2):223-252.
Wójcik D,Normant M,2014.Gonad maturity in female Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis from the southern Baltic Sea-the first description of ovigerous females and the embryo developmental stage[J].Oceanologia,56(4):779-787.
YU A Q,JIN X K,GUO X N,et al,2013.Two novel Toll genes(EsToll1and EsToll2)from Eriocheir sinensis are differentially induced by lipopolysaccharide,peptidoglycan and zymosan[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,35(4):1282-1292.