毛乌素沙地沙柳沙障破损规律与植被恢复的研究
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摘要
以毛乌素沙地东南缘巴图塔境内的流动沙丘上铺设的沙柳沙障为研究对象,采用野外调查和统计分析相结合的方法,分析了沙柳沙障的破损情况以及沙柳沙障对植被恢复的作用。结果表明:沙柳沙障铺设5 a后破损程度严重,平均破损度达到52.89%,沙丘背风坡的沙柳沙障破损程度较迎风坡严重,同一障格不同障边的破损程度表现为迎风边>顺风边;2 m×2 m规格的沙障植被恢复效果优于1 m×1 m规格的沙障,表明在流动沙丘上铺设沙柳沙障能够有效地促进植被恢复,植物多样性与沙障设置年限基本呈正相关关系;风力掏蚀是导致迎风坡沙柳沙障破损的主要影响因子,坡度和压埋是导致背风坡沙柳沙障破损的主要影响因子。
The study was conducted to research the Salix psammophila barrier set on the mobile dunes in batumu, Southeast of the Mu Us Sandy Land. A large amount of filed investigation and statistical method were adopted to reveal the damage of the S. psammophila barrier in different specifications, slops and boundaries and vegetation restorations. Relationships between vegetation growth and barrier damage were analyzed. Restles show that average damage degree of the sand and sand barrier is 52.89% after 5 years of sand barrier laying, and the vegetation restoration ability of 1 m×1 m sand barrier is worse than that of 2 m×2 m sand barrier. The damage degree of sand barrier laid in different landforms of the dune is from strong to weak as follows: the sorting of dune at the top of the central > leeward slope > Leeward slope > windward slope bottom > windward slope in the upper.The damage degree of different sides of the same barrier in S. psammophila sand-barrier is as follows: windward below > windward above > left before the wind > right before the wind. The damage degree of the sand barrier right side is negative correlated with the vegetation coverage. The greater the extent of the damage, the smaller the vegetation coverage and it affects the natural restoration capacity of vegetation. Gravity(slope) and sand burying are the main factors causing the damage of S. psammophila barriers, and the S. psammophia barriers plays an important facilitating role in the recovery of vegetation in the flowing sand dunes.
The study was conducted to research the Salix psammophila barrier set on the mobile dunes in batumu, Southeast of the Mu Us Sandy Land. A large amount of filed investigation and statistical method were adopted to reveal the damage of the S. psammophila barrier in different specifications, slops and boundaries and vegetation restorations. Relationships between vegetation growth and barrier damage were analyzed. Restles show that average damage degree of the sand and sand barrier is 52.89% after 5 years of sand barrier laying, and the vegetation restoration ability of 1 m×1 m sand barrier is worse than that of 2 m×2 m sand barrier. The damage degree of sand barrier laid in different landforms of the dune is from strong to weak as follows: the sorting of dune at the top of the central > leeward slope > Leeward slope > windward slope bottom > windward slope in the upper.The damage degree of different sides of the same barrier in S. psammophila sand-barrier is as follows: windward below > windward above > left before the wind > right before the wind. The damage degree of the sand barrier right side is negative correlated with the vegetation coverage. The greater the extent of the damage, the smaller the vegetation coverage and it affects the natural restoration capacity of vegetation. Gravity(slope) and sand burying are the main factors causing the damage of S. psammophila barriers, and the S. psammophia barriers plays an important facilitating role in the recovery of vegetation in the flowing sand dunes.
引文
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[18]杨锦超,杜凡,石明,等.濒危植物狭叶罗伞形态特征及其群落和种群学研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(3):130-136.
[19]慈航,李兆佳,周光益,等.鳞籽莎对间伐后林下植物多样性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(3):123-129.
[20]那钦,高永,迟悦春,等.沙柳沙障的腐蚀规律研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2010,36(2):6-11.
[21]高永,虞毅,龚平.沙柳沙障[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[22]哈斯,董光荣,王贵勇,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面气流与坡面形态的关系[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(1):1-5.
[2]曹波,孙保平,高永,等.高立式沙柳沙障防风效益研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):40-45.
[3]肖芳,王钟涛,高永,等.新型低压水冲植柳技术下沙障铺设方式对沙柳造林效果的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):82-85.
[4]蒙仲举,任晓萌,高永.半隐蔽式沙柳沙障的防风阻沙效益[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):178-180.
[5]张雷,洪光宇,李卓凡,等.基于层次分析法的毛乌素沙地3种造林模式恢复成效评价[J].林业资源管理,2017,5(6):108-112.
[6]党晓宏,虞毅,高永.PLA沙障对沙丘土壤粒径的影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):16-19,24.
[7]李小东,牟瑞,戴敏.机械化治沙在腾格里沙漠治理中的探索与应用[J].林业机械与木工设备,2018,46(4):8-12.
[8]龚萍,高永,迟悦春.沙柳沙障腐蚀过程中微生物的作用[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(3):138-142.
[9]高永,邱国玉,丁国栋,等.沙柳沙障的防风固沙效益研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(3):111-116.
[10]赵国平,左合君,徐连秀,等.沙柳沙障防风阻沙效益的研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):38-41.
[11]王翔宇,丁国栋,高函,等.带状沙柳沙障的防风固沙效益研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):42-46.
[12]周丹丹,胡生荣,韩敏,等.沙柳沙障内植被恢复影响因子探究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(6):115-118.
[13]Gao Y,Qiu G Y,Shimizu H,et al.A 10-year study on techniques for vegetation restoration in a desertified salt lake area[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,52(4):483-497.
[14]Buckley R.The effect of sparse vegetation on the transport of dune sand by wind[J].Nature,1987,325(29):426-428.
[15]Shao Y P.Physics and Modeling of Wind Erosion[M].London:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2000.
[16]Fryrear D W.A field dust sampler[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1986,41(2):117-120.
[17]任余艳,胡春元,贺晓,等.毛乌素沙地巴图塔沙柳沙障对植被恢复作用的研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(2):13-15.
[18]杨锦超,杜凡,石明,等.濒危植物狭叶罗伞形态特征及其群落和种群学研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(3):130-136.
[19]慈航,李兆佳,周光益,等.鳞籽莎对间伐后林下植物多样性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(3):123-129.
[20]那钦,高永,迟悦春,等.沙柳沙障的腐蚀规律研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2010,36(2):6-11.
[21]高永,虞毅,龚平.沙柳沙障[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[22]哈斯,董光荣,王贵勇,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面气流与坡面形态的关系[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(1):1-5.