青海省多年地表蒸散时空分布及其主导气象因子分析
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摘要
位于长江源头的青海省属于干旱半干旱地区,全面系统分析区域内多年地表蒸散的时空分布变化及其相关主导气象因子的贡献,对于全省地表水量平衡调节、水资源科学配置、生态环境治理以及旱涝灾害监测有着重要的作用。基于MOD16数据集(MODIS地表蒸散发月序列产品),采用年际趋势分析法分析了青海省2000-2014年的地表蒸散量时空变化;同时,结合多年降水量和气温数据,利用奇异值分解(SVD)模型,分析了地表蒸散量和气温、降水量之间的相关性。结果表明:青海省多年平均地表蒸散量在空间上呈现东南多,并向西北逐渐减少的趋势,这种空间分布规律主要受降水量由东南向西北逐渐递减的空间分布规律决定;地表蒸散量与气温、降水的平均相关系数分别为0.071和0.201,同时蒸散与气温、降水的相关性在空间分布上基本一致; SVD分析结果显示地表蒸散量与降水量存在明显的相关性,而与气温的相关性较弱。
Qinghai Province, located in the sources of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, belongs to the arid and semi-arid regions. It plays an important role in regulating the balance of surface water, allocating water resources scientifically, harnessing the ecological environment and monitoring drought and flood disasters by systematically analyzing the spatial and temporal variations of surface evapotranspiration and the contributions of related dominant meteorological factors at the provincial level. In this article, the spatial and temporal variations of surface evapotranspiration in Qinghai Province during 2000-2014 are analyzed based on the MOD16 dataset(MODIS surface evapotranspiration monthly series products) by interannual trend analysis method, and explored the correlation between evapotranspiration and air temperature and precipitation by singular value decomposition(SVD) model with the data of precipitation and air temperature. The results show that:(1) The annual average evapotranspiration of Qinghai Province has a high value in southeast and gradually decreases to the northwest which was determined by the spatial distribution of precipitation.(2) The average correlation coefficients between evapotranspiration and air temperature and precipitation are 0.071 and 0.201, respectively. SVD analysis results show a significant correlation between evapotranspiration and precipitation, but the correlation between evapotranspiration and air temperature not so significant.
Qinghai Province, located in the sources of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, belongs to the arid and semi-arid regions. It plays an important role in regulating the balance of surface water, allocating water resources scientifically, harnessing the ecological environment and monitoring drought and flood disasters by systematically analyzing the spatial and temporal variations of surface evapotranspiration and the contributions of related dominant meteorological factors at the provincial level. In this article, the spatial and temporal variations of surface evapotranspiration in Qinghai Province during 2000-2014 are analyzed based on the MOD16 dataset(MODIS surface evapotranspiration monthly series products) by interannual trend analysis method, and explored the correlation between evapotranspiration and air temperature and precipitation by singular value decomposition(SVD) model with the data of precipitation and air temperature. The results show that:(1) The annual average evapotranspiration of Qinghai Province has a high value in southeast and gradually decreases to the northwest which was determined by the spatial distribution of precipitation.(2) The average correlation coefficients between evapotranspiration and air temperature and precipitation are 0.071 and 0.201, respectively. SVD analysis results show a significant correlation between evapotranspiration and precipitation, but the correlation between evapotranspiration and air temperature not so significant.
引文
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[18] Wei Zhenfeng,Chen Siyuan,Huang Yi.Spatial and temporal characteristics of potential evaporation and climatic factors on the impact in Shaanxi Province in 1981-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(8):1033-1041.[韦振锋,陈思源,黄毅.1981～2010年陕西潜在蒸散量时空特征及其对气候因子的响应[J].地理科学,2015,35(8):1033-1041.]
[19] Zhang Meng,Zeng Yongnian,Qi Yue.Analyzing spatio-temporal variations of evapotranspiration in Dongting Lake basin during 2000-2014 based on MOD16[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(20):160-168.[张猛,曾永年,齐玥.基于MOD16的洞庭湖流域2000-2014年地表蒸散时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(20):160-168.]
[20] Yang Xiuqin,Wang Lei,Wang Kai,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of terrestrial evapotranspiration in Huaihe River basin based on MOD16 ET data[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(5):1343-1352.[杨秀芹,王磊,王凯,等.基于MOD16产品的淮河流域实际蒸散发时空分布[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1343-1352.]
[21] Salem S G,Trevor S,Laurence G,et al.Spatially distributed potential evapotranspiration modeling and climate projections[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,633(8):571-592.
[22] Gao Zhendong,He Junshi,Dong Kebao,et al.Trends in reference evapotranspiration and their causative factors in the West Liao River basin,China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2017,232(1):106-117.
[23] Shweta G,Bimal K B,Akhouri P K.A baseline regional evapotranspiration (ET) and change hotspots over Indian sub-tropics using satellite remote sensing data[J].Agricultural Water Management,2018,208(9):284-298.
[24] Quan Chen,Zhou Bingrong,Han Yongxiang,et al.A study of evapotranspiration on the degraded alpine wetland surface in the Yangtze River source area[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1249-1257.[权晨,周秉荣,韩永翔,等.长江源区高寒退化湿地地表蒸散特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1249-1257.]
[25] Zhou Yao,Zhang Xin,Xu Jing.Changes of reference crop evapotranspiration and sensitivity analysis of meteorological factors in eastern plateau agricultural region of Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(5):755-774.[周瑶,张鑫,徐静.青海省东部农业区参考作物蒸散量的变化及对气象因子的敏感性分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(5):755-774.]
[26] Li Jingmei,Cai Hai,Cheng Qian,et al.Characterizing the evapotranspiration of a degraded grassland in the Sanjiangyuan region of Qinghai Province[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):223-233.[李婧梅,蔡海,程茜,等.青海省三江源地区退化草地蒸散特征[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):223-233.]
[27] Venturini V,Islam S,Rodriguez L.Estimation of evaporative fraction and evapotranspiration from MODIS products using a complementary based model[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(1):132-141.
[28] Mohammad A A,Alhaj A,Shaltaf S.An improved SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership[J].Signal Processing,2008,88(9):2158-2180.
[29] Liu Ke,Du Lingtong,Hou Jing,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution of evapotranspiration of natural grassland in Ningxia during 2000-2014[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(3):1-12.[刘可,杜灵通,候静,等.2000-2014年宁夏草地蒸散时空特征及演变规律[J].草业学报,2018,27(3):1-12.]
[30] Wang Pengtao,Yan Junping,Jiang Chong,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(2):499-507.[王鹏涛,延军平,蒋冲,等.2000-2012年陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散时空分布及影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):499-507.]
[2] Blanco C M,Gavilán P,Santos C,et al.Assessment of reference evapotranspiration using remote sensing and forecasting tools under semi-arid conditions[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2014,33(12):280-289.
[3] Luo Shengzhou,Wang Qingchun,Dai Sheng.An analysis of climate characteristics of meteorological disasters in Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(6):1380-1387.[罗生洲,汪青春,戴升.青海省气象灾害的若干气候特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1380-1387.]
[4] Matthew R,Herman A P N,Mohammad A,et al.Evaluating the role of evapotranspiration remote sensing data in improving hydrological modeling predictability[J].Journal of Hydrology,2018,556(1):39-49.
[5] Lievens H,Martens B,Verhoest N E C,et al.Assimilation of global radar backscatter and radiometer brightness temperature observations to improve soil moisture and land evaporation estimates[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,189(1):194-210.
[6] Allen R G,Tasumi M,Morse A,et al.A Landsat-based energy balance and evapotranspiration model in Western US water rights regulation and planning[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2005,19(3/4):251-268.
[7] Jin Xuejie,Zhou Jian.Analysis of spatial-temporal characteristics of evapotranspiration in the lower reaches of Heihe River based on surface energy balance system model and Landsat 8 data[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(3):572-582.[金学杰,周剑.基于SEBS模型和Landsat 8数据的黑河下游蒸散发时空特性分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(3):572-582.]
[8] Gu Chunjie,Ma Jinzhu,Zhu Gaofeng,et al.Partitioning evapotranspiration using an optimized satellite-based ET model across biomes[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2018,259(9):355-363.
[9] Boegh E,Soegaard H,Thomsen A.Evaluating evapotranspiration rates and surface conditions using Landsat TM to estimate atmospheric resistance and surface resistance[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,79(2):329-343.
[10] Xu Liyi,Pyles R D,Paw U K,et al.Impact of canopy representations on regional modeling of evapotranspiration using the WRF-ACASA coupled model[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2017,247(12):79-92.
[11] Lian Jinjiao,Huang Mingbin,Li Xingxian,et al.Evapotranspiration estimation for oasis transect in middle reach of Heihe River basin based on remote sensing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(15):120-129.[连晋姣,黄明斌,李杏鲜,等.夏季黑河中游绿洲样带蒸散量遥感估算[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):120-129.]
[12] Tie Qiang,Hu Hongchang,Tian Fuqiang,et al.Comparing different methods for determining forest evapotranspiration and its components at multiple temporal scales[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,633(8):12-29.
[13] Emily G K,Kendall C D,Jose L C.Evaluation of thermal remote sensing indices to estimate crop evapotranspiration coefficients[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,179(1):64-73.
[14] He Tian,Shao Quanqin.Spatial-temporal variation of terrestrial evapotranspiration in China from 2001 to 2010 using MOD16 products[J].Journal of Geo-Information Scince,2014,16(6):979-988.[贺添,邵全琴.基于MOD16产品的我国2001-2010年蒸散发时空格局变化分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(6):979-988.]
[15] Bai Yun,Zhang Jiahua,Zhang Sha,et al.A remote sensing-based two-leaf canopy conductance model:global optimization and applications in modeling gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration of crops[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2018,215(9):411-437.
[16] Wang Fang,Wang Zuo,Zhang Yun,et al.Spatio-temporal variations of evapotranspiration in Anhui Province using MOD16 products[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(3):523-533.[王芳,汪左,张运,等.基于MOD16的安徽省地表蒸散量时空变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(3):523-533.]
[17] Wu Guiping,Liu Yuanbo,Zhao Xiaosong,et al.Spatio-temporal variations of evapotranspiration in Poyang Lake basin using MOD16 products[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(4):617-627.[吴桂平,刘元波,赵晓松,等.基于MOD16产品的鄱阳湖流域地表蒸散量时空分布特征[J].地理研究,2013,32(4):617-627.]
[18] Wei Zhenfeng,Chen Siyuan,Huang Yi.Spatial and temporal characteristics of potential evaporation and climatic factors on the impact in Shaanxi Province in 1981-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(8):1033-1041.[韦振锋,陈思源,黄毅.1981～2010年陕西潜在蒸散量时空特征及其对气候因子的响应[J].地理科学,2015,35(8):1033-1041.]
[19] Zhang Meng,Zeng Yongnian,Qi Yue.Analyzing spatio-temporal variations of evapotranspiration in Dongting Lake basin during 2000-2014 based on MOD16[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(20):160-168.[张猛,曾永年,齐玥.基于MOD16的洞庭湖流域2000-2014年地表蒸散时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(20):160-168.]
[20] Yang Xiuqin,Wang Lei,Wang Kai,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of terrestrial evapotranspiration in Huaihe River basin based on MOD16 ET data[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(5):1343-1352.[杨秀芹,王磊,王凯,等.基于MOD16产品的淮河流域实际蒸散发时空分布[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1343-1352.]
[21] Salem S G,Trevor S,Laurence G,et al.Spatially distributed potential evapotranspiration modeling and climate projections[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,633(8):571-592.
[22] Gao Zhendong,He Junshi,Dong Kebao,et al.Trends in reference evapotranspiration and their causative factors in the West Liao River basin,China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2017,232(1):106-117.
[23] Shweta G,Bimal K B,Akhouri P K.A baseline regional evapotranspiration (ET) and change hotspots over Indian sub-tropics using satellite remote sensing data[J].Agricultural Water Management,2018,208(9):284-298.
[24] Quan Chen,Zhou Bingrong,Han Yongxiang,et al.A study of evapotranspiration on the degraded alpine wetland surface in the Yangtze River source area[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1249-1257.[权晨,周秉荣,韩永翔,等.长江源区高寒退化湿地地表蒸散特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1249-1257.]
[25] Zhou Yao,Zhang Xin,Xu Jing.Changes of reference crop evapotranspiration and sensitivity analysis of meteorological factors in eastern plateau agricultural region of Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(5):755-774.[周瑶,张鑫,徐静.青海省东部农业区参考作物蒸散量的变化及对气象因子的敏感性分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(5):755-774.]
[26] Li Jingmei,Cai Hai,Cheng Qian,et al.Characterizing the evapotranspiration of a degraded grassland in the Sanjiangyuan region of Qinghai Province[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):223-233.[李婧梅,蔡海,程茜,等.青海省三江源地区退化草地蒸散特征[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):223-233.]
[27] Venturini V,Islam S,Rodriguez L.Estimation of evaporative fraction and evapotranspiration from MODIS products using a complementary based model[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(1):132-141.
[28] Mohammad A A,Alhaj A,Shaltaf S.An improved SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership[J].Signal Processing,2008,88(9):2158-2180.
[29] Liu Ke,Du Lingtong,Hou Jing,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution of evapotranspiration of natural grassland in Ningxia during 2000-2014[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(3):1-12.[刘可,杜灵通,候静,等.2000-2014年宁夏草地蒸散时空特征及演变规律[J].草业学报,2018,27(3):1-12.]
[30] Wang Pengtao,Yan Junping,Jiang Chong,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(2):499-507.[王鹏涛,延军平,蒋冲,等.2000-2012年陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散时空分布及影响因素[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):499-507.]