高铁对区域知识溢出效应的影响——基于PSM-DID方法的实证检验
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摘要
将高铁融入到经济地理学的理论框架中,用科研经费支出和科技人员数量分别分析高铁对浙江、四川、湖南和内蒙古在2007—2016年间知识溢出的效果,选择PSM-DID方法对这种效果进行准确评估,得到以下结论:(1)高铁建设对浙江、四川、湖南、内蒙古的科技人员均有显著的促进作用;其中,浙江省的效果最为明显,内蒙古自治区同样显著但变化幅度最小。(2)高铁的开通能够促进内蒙古自治区科研经费的支出,人才因此便捷的流向落后地区,弥补当地人才资源稀缺的不足,促进知识溢出。相比之下,湖南、四川和浙江3个省的高铁对科研经费支出的影响相对有限。
The article integrates high-speed rail into the research framework of economic geography theory,and uses the scientific research expenditure and the population of scientific and technical personnel to evaluate knowledge spillover effect of Zhejiang,Sichuan,Hunan and Inner Mongolia during year 2007-2016 by choosing PSM-DID method to accurately evaluate the effects. The results show that( 1) high-speed rail construction has significantly promoted scientific and technical personnel of Zhejiang,Sichuan,Hunan and Inner Mongolia; among them,Zhejiang has the most obvious effect,Inner Mongolia province is also significant but has the smallest change range.( 2) The opening of high-speed rail will promote the scientific research expenditure of Inner Mongolia,make up the shortage of local talent resources and promote the knowledge spillover. By contrast,high-speed rail in Hunan,Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces has a relatively limited impact on scientific research expenditure.
The article integrates high-speed rail into the research framework of economic geography theory,and uses the scientific research expenditure and the population of scientific and technical personnel to evaluate knowledge spillover effect of Zhejiang,Sichuan,Hunan and Inner Mongolia during year 2007-2016 by choosing PSM-DID method to accurately evaluate the effects. The results show that( 1) high-speed rail construction has significantly promoted scientific and technical personnel of Zhejiang,Sichuan,Hunan and Inner Mongolia; among them,Zhejiang has the most obvious effect,Inner Mongolia province is also significant but has the smallest change range.( 2) The opening of high-speed rail will promote the scientific research expenditure of Inner Mongolia,make up the shortage of local talent resources and promote the knowledge spillover. By contrast,high-speed rail in Hunan,Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces has a relatively limited impact on scientific research expenditure.
引文
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[5]赵云,李雪梅.基于可达性的知识溢出估计模型——高速铁路网络的影响分析[J].软科学,2015,29(5):55-58.
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[12] KIM K S. High-Speed Rail Developments and Spatial Restructuring:A Case Study of the Capital Region in South Korea[J].Cities,2000,17(4):251-262.
[2]王谢勇,柴激扬,孙毅.基于文献研究方法的我国高速铁路对经济发展影响综述[J].经济与管理,2015,05:64-69.
[3]吴玉鸣.官产学R&D合作、知识溢出与区域专利创新产出[J].科学学研究,2009,27(10):1486-1494.
[4]王庆喜,王巧娜,徐维祥.我国高技术产业省际知识溢出——基于地理和技术邻近的分析[D].浙江工业大学,2012.
[5]赵云,李雪梅.基于可达性的知识溢出估计模型——高速铁路网络的影响分析[J].软科学,2015,29(5):55-58.
[6] GRILICHES Z.“The search for R&D Spillovers”[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Economics,1992,(94):29-47.
[7] HECKMAN J. The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation,Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables[J]. Annals of Economic and Social Measurement,1976(5):475-492.
[8] ROSENBAUM P R,RUBIND B. The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects[J]. Biometrika,1983,70(1):41-55.
[9] SHAW S L,FANG Z,LU S. Impacts of High Speed Rail on Railroad Network Accessibility in China[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2014(40):112-122.
[10] AHLFELDT G M,FEDDERSEN A. From Periphery to Core:Measuring Agglomeration Effects Using High-Speed Rail[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2018,18(2):355-390.
[11] REDDING S J,TURNER M A. Transportation Costs and the Spatial Organization of Economic Activity[J]. Handbook of Regional&Urban Economics,2015,5(8):1339-1398.
[12] KIM K S. High-Speed Rail Developments and Spatial Restructuring:A Case Study of the Capital Region in South Korea[J].Cities,2000,17(4):251-262.