西天山野生忍冬和蔷薇种子萌发特性研究
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摘要
研究种子休眠原因,明确解除休眠的适宜方法及层积处理的最佳时间,为忍冬和蔷薇的种苗产业化和推广应用奠定基础。以西天山野果林小叶忍冬、鞑靼忍冬、疏花蔷薇和腺齿蔷薇当年生的种子为试验材料,研究其种子形态特征、吸水特性,以及种皮、低温层积和不同质量浓度GA_3处理对种子休眠与萌发特性的影响。结果发现,低温层积60 d,小叶忍冬和鞑靼忍冬种子的休眠基本能被解除,发芽率分别高达84.8%和82.5%;而疏花蔷薇和腺齿蔷薇种子的发芽率分别只有3.0%和7.5%,低温层积100 d的发芽率也分别只有35.0%和51.3%,种子休眠没有被解除。进一步对2种蔷薇种子采用打磨种皮处理,低温层积60 d种子发芽率分别高达45.5%和47.3%,低温层积80 d发芽率分别为60.7%和65.7%,种子休眠基本被解除。鞑靼忍冬种子发芽率在GA_3 300 mg/L处理时最高,为91.1%(低温层积60 d)。3种质量浓度GA_3处理的疏花蔷薇和腺齿蔷薇打磨种皮种子发芽率均高于清水对照。GA_3 100 mg/L处理时,腺齿蔷薇种子发芽率最高,为57.4%(低温层积100 d),打磨种皮的种子发芽率高达71.3%;GA_3 200 mg/L处理的小叶忍冬和疏花蔷薇种子发芽率最高,分别为85.6%(低温层积60 d)和42.4%(低温层积100 d),打磨种皮的疏花蔷薇种子发芽率高达64.2%(低温层积80 d)。
To explore the cause of seed dormancy,to clear the suitable method of relieving dormancy and the best time for stratification,and lay the foundation for the industrialization and popularization of the seedlings of Lonicera and Rosa.The seeds of Lonicera microphylla,Lonicera tatarica L.,Rosa laxa Retz.and Rosa albertii Regel in the western Tianshan Mountain were used as experimental materials to study seed morphology,water absorption,and the effects of seed coat,low temperature stratification and different concentration of GA_3 on seed dormancy and germination specificity.The results showed that,at 60 d of low temperature stratification treatment,the dormancy of Lonicera microphylla and Lonicera tatarica L.was basically relieved,and the germination rates were as high as 84.8% and 82.5%,respectively;but the germination rates of Rosa laxa Retz.and Rosa albertii Regel seeds were only 3.0% and 7.5% after 60 d of low temperature stratification treatment.The germination rates after stratification for 100 d were only 35.0% and 51.3%,respectively.The seed dormancy was not relieved.Two kinds of rose seeds were further treated with grinded seed coat and combined with low temperature stratification.The seed germination rates of 60 d were as high as 45.5% and 47.3%,respectively,and the germination rates reached 60.7% and 65.7% after 80 d of low temperature stratification.The dormancy was basically relieved.The germination rate of Lonicera tatarica L.seed was highest in GA_3 300 mg/L treatment,and the germination rate was 91.1%(low temperature stratification 60 d).The seed germination rate of the three GA_3 concentrations was higher than that of the control.The treatment of GA_3 100 mg/L had the highest germination rate of Rosa albertii Regel,and the germination rate was 57.4%(low temperature stratification 100 d),and the seed germination rate of grinded seed coat was as high as 71.3%.When treated with GA_3 200 mg/L,the germination rates of Lonicera microphylla and Rosa laxa Retz.were the highest,the germination rates were 85.6%(low temperature stratification 60 d) and 42.4%(low temperature stratification 100 d),respectively,and the germination rate of the seed grided coat of Rosa laxa Retz.was 64.2%(low temperature stratification 80 d).
To explore the cause of seed dormancy,to clear the suitable method of relieving dormancy and the best time for stratification,and lay the foundation for the industrialization and popularization of the seedlings of Lonicera and Rosa.The seeds of Lonicera microphylla,Lonicera tatarica L.,Rosa laxa Retz.and Rosa albertii Regel in the western Tianshan Mountain were used as experimental materials to study seed morphology,water absorption,and the effects of seed coat,low temperature stratification and different concentration of GA_3 on seed dormancy and germination specificity.The results showed that,at 60 d of low temperature stratification treatment,the dormancy of Lonicera microphylla and Lonicera tatarica L.was basically relieved,and the germination rates were as high as 84.8% and 82.5%,respectively;but the germination rates of Rosa laxa Retz.and Rosa albertii Regel seeds were only 3.0% and 7.5% after 60 d of low temperature stratification treatment.The germination rates after stratification for 100 d were only 35.0% and 51.3%,respectively.The seed dormancy was not relieved.Two kinds of rose seeds were further treated with grinded seed coat and combined with low temperature stratification.The seed germination rates of 60 d were as high as 45.5% and 47.3%,respectively,and the germination rates reached 60.7% and 65.7% after 80 d of low temperature stratification.The dormancy was basically relieved.The germination rate of Lonicera tatarica L.seed was highest in GA_3 300 mg/L treatment,and the germination rate was 91.1%(low temperature stratification 60 d).The seed germination rate of the three GA_3 concentrations was higher than that of the control.The treatment of GA_3 100 mg/L had the highest germination rate of Rosa albertii Regel,and the germination rate was 57.4%(low temperature stratification 100 d),and the seed germination rate of grinded seed coat was as high as 71.3%.When treated with GA_3 200 mg/L,the germination rates of Lonicera microphylla and Rosa laxa Retz.were the highest,the germination rates were 85.6%(low temperature stratification 60 d) and 42.4%(low temperature stratification 100 d),respectively,and the germination rate of the seed grided coat of Rosa laxa Retz.was 64.2%(low temperature stratification 80 d).
引文
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[14] 伍碧华,颜济,周永红,等.种皮对扁竹兰鸢尾(Iris confusa)及其杂种种子萌发的抑制作用[J].四川农业大学学报,1998,16(3):51-54.
[15] 马宗骧,刘庆超,王奎玲,等.三桠乌药种子休眠及萌发特性[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(8):139-141.
[16] 高春智,何炎红,田有亮,等.不同浓度赤霉素浸种对樟子松种子萌发的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,33(3):67-72.
[17] 高成华.外源GA对刺五加种子后熟过程中内源激素含量变化的影响[J].种子,2016,35(1):35-37.
[18] 袁继红,王银柳,林友兴,等.酸和赤霉素处理对3种薹草种子萌发特征的影响[J].东北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,48(2):112-117.
[19] 张丹,张金政,孙国峰,等.细叶鸢尾种子休眠原因及解除休眠的方法研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):109-117.
[2] 隋云吉,郭润华.不同处理对3种蔷薇种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2015,34(5):86-87.
[3] 古丽米热·阿力木.新疆六种蔷薇科植物化学成分的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2017.
[4] 杨逢玉,杨帆,隋云吉,等.新疆6种驯化蔷薇果实的主要经济性状及果实营养成分含量分析[J].西部林业科学,2016,45(5):89-92.
[5] 石岩,张金,王玲娜,等.忍冬种子生物学特性研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(10):140-143.
[6] 魏先运,张卫东,张宝国,等.辽东桤木种子休眠特性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(22):34-35.
[7] 张义,王剑峰.赤霉素浸泡与层积时间对山樱种子萌发的影响[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2005,2(8):26-27.
[8] 王蕾,海利力·库尔班,侯冬花,等.GA3与层积综合处理对打破不同类型野生杏种子休眠的效应[J].新疆农业科学,2008,45(5):835-838.
[9] 冯云选.种子贮藏加工[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
[10] 韩春艳,孙卫邦,董青松,等.广州相思子和毛相思子种子活力TTC测定方法研究[J].种子,2011,30(7):13-16.
[11] 郭欢欢,刘勇,吴成亮,等.国外林木种子休眠与贮藏的研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(4):133-138.
[12] 菅兴风,刘秀芳.未经层积处理的杜梨种子浸种催芽新方法[J].落叶果树,1991(4):37.
[13] 沈海龙,杨玲,张建瑛,等.花楸树种子休眠影响因素与萌发特性研究[J].林业科学,2006(10):133-138.
[14] 伍碧华,颜济,周永红,等.种皮对扁竹兰鸢尾(Iris confusa)及其杂种种子萌发的抑制作用[J].四川农业大学学报,1998,16(3):51-54.
[15] 马宗骧,刘庆超,王奎玲,等.三桠乌药种子休眠及萌发特性[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(8):139-141.
[16] 高春智,何炎红,田有亮,等.不同浓度赤霉素浸种对樟子松种子萌发的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,33(3):67-72.
[17] 高成华.外源GA对刺五加种子后熟过程中内源激素含量变化的影响[J].种子,2016,35(1):35-37.
[18] 袁继红,王银柳,林友兴,等.酸和赤霉素处理对3种薹草种子萌发特征的影响[J].东北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,48(2):112-117.
[19] 张丹,张金政,孙国峰,等.细叶鸢尾种子休眠原因及解除休眠的方法研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):109-117.