呼伦贝尔沙地风沙土有机质和碳酸钙含量特征
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摘要
土壤有机质和碳酸钙是影响土壤风蚀可蚀性的重要因子,研究揭示其含量特征有助于深入理解土壤风蚀过程。以呼伦贝尔沙地流动、半固定、固定沙丘地表风沙土为研究对象,采用重铬酸钾稀释热法和钙离子浓度计分别测定土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量,计算分析不同类型沙丘土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量的相关性与空间异质性。研究结果显示:1)呼伦贝尔沙地表层风沙土有机质与碳酸钙平均质量分数分别为31. 05和2. 73 g/kg,且均随沙丘的固定显著增加(P <0. 05)。2)碳酸钙与有机质含量呈极显著幂函数正相关关系(R2=0. 539,P <0. 01)。随风沙土碳酸钙含量的不断增加,固定沙丘有机质含量的增加速率低于流动沙丘与半固定沙丘。3)随沙丘的固定,呼伦贝尔沙地表层风沙土有机质和碳酸钙含量的空间异质性不断增强,同质范围呈整体增大趋势,随机性因素对有机质含量空间变异的影响愈加重要。土壤的结构性因素是引起呼伦贝尔沙地风沙土有机质和碳酸钙含量空间变异的主要原因。
[Background] Soil organic matter(SOM),playing an important role in increasing the stability of soil aggregates,effectively leads to a reduction of wind erosion. Soil calcium carbonate(CaCO3),existing massively in the arid and semi-arid soil, also significantly affects soil wind erodibility. Thus revealing the content characteristics of SOM and CaCO3 helps understand the process of wind erosion. Previous studies show that SOM has an effective role to play in the generation process of CaCO3,thus there is a positive correlation between the content of SOM and CaCO3. Due to the climate change and anthropogenic activities in Hulun Buir Sandy Land in the north China,desertification there tends to be inexorable and more severe than before. [Methods]The study was conducted in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land. Total 93 sampling sites relating to mobile,semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes were located by GPS. Three sample plots nearby each sampling site were set up randomly. Aeolian topsoil(0 ～ 5 cm) were selected. SOM was determined using potassium dichromate volumetric method,while CaCO3 was measured using a calcium ion concentration meter. Spatial variations of SOM and CaCO3 were calculated and analyzed based on the theory of semi-variogram. Significant differences and correlation of data in different type of sand dunes were identified by SPSS16. 0 statistical software,while spatial variation of that was analyzed by ArcGIS10. 2 and GS + win10 software. [Results] 1) The average content of SOM and CaCO3 in the topsoil of Hulun Buir Sandy Land were 31. 05 and 2. 73 g/kg,respectively. During sand dune fixation,the content of SOM and CaCO3 continuously increased. SOM content in mobile sand dunes was significantly lower than that in semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes,but CaCO3 content in mobile sand dunes was just significantly lower than that in fixed sand dunes. 2) The content of CaCO3 was positively correlative with the content of SOM by power function(R2= 0. 539,P <0. 01). While the content of CaCO3 in mobile,semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes were also positively correlative with the content of SOM,with R2 were 0. 580,0. 630 and 0. 245 respectively. With the increasing content of CaCO3,the growth rate of SOM in fixed sand dunes was lower than that in mobile and semi-fixed sand dunes. 3) During sand dune fixation,the spatial variation of SOM and CaCO3 were increasing,the distribution of SOM and CaCO3 tended to be homogeneous,and the influence of random factors on the spatial variability of organic matter was getting more important. Structural factors of soil were the main cause of the spatial variation of SOM and CaCO3 in Hulun Buir Sandy Land.[Conclusions] During sand dune fixation,the decreasing intensity of soil erosion may influence the content,correlation and spatial variation of SOM and CaCO3. The results of this study may provide theoretical reference for regional desertification combating and ecological restore.
[Background] Soil organic matter(SOM),playing an important role in increasing the stability of soil aggregates,effectively leads to a reduction of wind erosion. Soil calcium carbonate(CaCO3),existing massively in the arid and semi-arid soil, also significantly affects soil wind erodibility. Thus revealing the content characteristics of SOM and CaCO3 helps understand the process of wind erosion. Previous studies show that SOM has an effective role to play in the generation process of CaCO3,thus there is a positive correlation between the content of SOM and CaCO3. Due to the climate change and anthropogenic activities in Hulun Buir Sandy Land in the north China,desertification there tends to be inexorable and more severe than before. [Methods]The study was conducted in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land. Total 93 sampling sites relating to mobile,semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes were located by GPS. Three sample plots nearby each sampling site were set up randomly. Aeolian topsoil(0 ～ 5 cm) were selected. SOM was determined using potassium dichromate volumetric method,while CaCO3 was measured using a calcium ion concentration meter. Spatial variations of SOM and CaCO3 were calculated and analyzed based on the theory of semi-variogram. Significant differences and correlation of data in different type of sand dunes were identified by SPSS16. 0 statistical software,while spatial variation of that was analyzed by ArcGIS10. 2 and GS + win10 software. [Results] 1) The average content of SOM and CaCO3 in the topsoil of Hulun Buir Sandy Land were 31. 05 and 2. 73 g/kg,respectively. During sand dune fixation,the content of SOM and CaCO3 continuously increased. SOM content in mobile sand dunes was significantly lower than that in semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes,but CaCO3 content in mobile sand dunes was just significantly lower than that in fixed sand dunes. 2) The content of CaCO3 was positively correlative with the content of SOM by power function(R2= 0. 539,P <0. 01). While the content of CaCO3 in mobile,semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes were also positively correlative with the content of SOM,with R2 were 0. 580,0. 630 and 0. 245 respectively. With the increasing content of CaCO3,the growth rate of SOM in fixed sand dunes was lower than that in mobile and semi-fixed sand dunes. 3) During sand dune fixation,the spatial variation of SOM and CaCO3 were increasing,the distribution of SOM and CaCO3 tended to be homogeneous,and the influence of random factors on the spatial variability of organic matter was getting more important. Structural factors of soil were the main cause of the spatial variation of SOM and CaCO3 in Hulun Buir Sandy Land.[Conclusions] During sand dune fixation,the decreasing intensity of soil erosion may influence the content,correlation and spatial variation of SOM and CaCO3. The results of this study may provide theoretical reference for regional desertification combating and ecological restore.
引文
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[3]南岭,杜灵通,展秀丽.土壤风蚀可蚀性研究进展[J].土壤,2014,46(2):204.NAN Ling,DU Lingtong,ZHAN Xiuli. Advances in study on soil erodibility for wind erosion[J]. Soils,2014,46(2):204.
[4]杨钦,郭中领,王仁德,等.河北坝上不同土地利用方式对土壤风蚀的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):185.YANG Qin,GUO Zhongling,WANG Rende,et al. Influence of different land uses on soil wind erosion in Bashang area,Hebei,China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(2):185.
[5]唐梦迎,丁建丽,夏楠,等.干旱区典型绿洲土壤有机质含量分布特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2017,54(3):759.TANG Mengying,DING Jianli,XIA Nan,et al. Distribution of soil organic matter content and its affecting factors in oases typical of arid region[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(3):759.
[6]袁晓宇,海春兴,刘广通.阴山北麓不同用地土壤有机质含量对抗风蚀的作用研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):306.YUAN Xiaoyu,HAI Chunxing,LIU Guangtong. Influence of different soil organic matters on resistance to wind erosion in north foot of the Yinshan Mountain[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(6):306.
[7]赵哈林,周瑞莲,赵学勇,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草地土壤理化特性的沙漠化演变规律及机制[J].草业学报,2012,21(2):1.ZHAO Halin,ZHOU Ringlian,ZHAO Xueyong,et al.Desertification mechanisms and process of soil chemical and physical properties in Hunlunbeir sandy grassland,Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(2):1.
[8]张宁,何兴东,邬畏.腾格里沙漠3种土壤有机质和碳酸钙特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4094.ZHANG Ning,HE Xingdong,WU Wei. Studies on characteristics of soil organic matter and pedogenic calcium carbonate for three kinds of soil in the Tengri Desert[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(8):4094.
[9] LIU X,MONGER H C,WHITFORD W G. Calcium carbonate in termite galleries:Biomineralization or upward transport[J]. Biogeochemistry,2007,82(3):241.
[10] TANG Jing,TANG Xiaoxin,QIN Yangmei,et al. Karst rocky desertification progress:Soil calcium as a possible driving force[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2019,649:1250.
[11]王磊,应蓉蓉,石佳奇,等.土壤矿物对有机质的吸附与固定机制研究进展[J].土壤学报,2017,54(4):805.WANG Lei,YING Rongrong,SHI Jiaqi,et al. Advancement in study on adsorption of organic matter on soil minerals and its mechanism[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(4):805.
[12]郭坚,薛娴,王涛,等.呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化土地动态变化过程研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(3):397.GUO Jian,XUE Xian,WANG Tao,et al. Dynamic variation of Aeolian desertified land in Hulun Buir grassland[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(3):397.
[13]封建民,王涛.呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化现状及历史演变研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(3):356.FENG Jianmin,WANG Tao. Study on the actualty and historical evolution of desertification in the Hulunbeir grasslands[J]. Arid Land Geography,2004,27(3):356.
[14]李姣,张春来,李庆,等.近15年来呼伦贝尔沙地土地沙漠化发展及其驱动力[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(3):323.LI Jiao,ZHANG Chunlai,LI Qing,et al. Development of sandy desertification and driving forces in Hulun Buir sandy land in the past 15 years[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2017,53(3):323.
[15]苏敏,丁国栋,高广磊,等.呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松人工林土壤颗粒多重分形特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(11):129.SU Min,DING Guodong,GAO Guanglei,et al. Multifractal analysis of soil particle size distribution of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in Hulunbeier sandy land[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(11):129.
[16]任悦,高广磊,丁国栋,等.沙地樟子松人工林叶片—枯落物:土壤有机碳含量特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(7):36.REN Yue,GAO Guanglei,DING Guodong,et al. Characteristics of organic carbon content of leaf-litter-soil system in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(7):36.
[17]董建林,雅洁.呼伦贝尔沙地近十年来土地沙漠化变化分析[J].林业资源管理,2002(4):39.DONG Jianlin,YA Jie. Analysis on the changes of land desertification in Hulunbeier sandy land area over the last 10 years[J]. Forest Resources Management,2002(4):39.
[18]李亮亮,依艳丽,凌国鑫,等.地统计学在土壤空间变异研究中的应用[J].土壤通报,2005,36(2):265.LI Liangliang,YI Yanli,LING Guoxin,et al. Utilization of geostatistics in soil spatial variability[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(2):265.
[19]李哈滨,王政权,王庆成.空间异质性定量研究理论与方法[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(6):651.LI Habin,WANG Zhengquan,WANG Qingcheng. Theory and methodology of spatial heterogeneity quantification[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1998,9(6):651.
[20] YAN Yuchun,XIN Xiaoping,XU Xingliang,et al.Quantitative effects of wind erosion on the soil texture and soil nutrients under different vegetation coverage in a semiarid steppe of northern China[J]. Plant&Soil,2013,369(1/2):585.
[21] ELHAM S,ABDOLMAJID S,AKBAR M A,et al.Portable wind tunnel experiments to study soil erosion by wind and its link to soil properties in the Fars province,Iran[J]. Geoderma,2019,333:69.
[22] LIN M L,YEN T B,KUO-HUANG L L. Formation of calcium carbonate deposition in the cotyledons during the germination of Justicia procumbens L.(Acanthaceae)seeds[J]. Taiwania,2004,49(4):250.
[23]罗艳.土壤微生物对大气CO2浓度升高的响应[J].生态环境学报,2003,12(3):108.LUO Yan. Response of soil microorganism to elevated atmospheric CO2concentration[J]. Ecology and Environment,2003,12(3):108.
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