稻鳖共作模式中的土壤养分动态变化及产量形成
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摘要
为探明稻鳖共作模式中的土壤养分变化及产量形成规律,选取湖南地区常用的两个水稻品种黄华占(H)及Y两优800(Y),设置稻鳖共作模式(T)及常规单作模式(N),以头季稻+再生稻(R)两季种植的方式,通过定时测定土壤中的养分含量变化情况及产量,进行了对比试验。结果表明:T模式中全氮、全磷含量呈"峰"型变化,N模式全程为缓慢下降趋势,相对平均差值为全氮15.3%、全磷16.35%;碱解氮、有效磷及有机质等指标在不同模式间变化趋势相似,相对平均差值为碱解氮5.3%、有效磷6.97%;T模式中有机质含量长期保持较高水平,相对平均差值为6.7%。T模式头季稻平均增产9.75%,再生稻平均增产10.05%。
As a new type of cultivation mode with high yield and high income,rice-turtle farming is of great significance to agricultural transformation and farmers' income increase in China. In order to find out the change of soil nutrients and the law of yield formation in rice-turtle farming mode,two common varieties Huanghuazhan(H) and Y Liangyou 800(Y) in Hunan were selected to set up rice-turtle farming mode(T). Compared with the conventional single cropping model(N),the changes of nutrient content and yield in soil were measured regularly by two-season cultivation of first crop rice and ratooning rice(R). The results showed that the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the T model changed in a "peak" pattern,and that in the N model decreased slowly,with the relative average difference being 15.3% and 16.35% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The variation trends of alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter were similar among different models,with the relative average difference being 5.3% and 6.97% of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus. The content of organic matter remained at a high level for a long time,with a relative average difference of 6.7%. The average yield of first crop rice and ratooning rice increased by 9.75% and 10.05% respectively.
As a new type of cultivation mode with high yield and high income,rice-turtle farming is of great significance to agricultural transformation and farmers' income increase in China. In order to find out the change of soil nutrients and the law of yield formation in rice-turtle farming mode,two common varieties Huanghuazhan(H) and Y Liangyou 800(Y) in Hunan were selected to set up rice-turtle farming mode(T). Compared with the conventional single cropping model(N),the changes of nutrient content and yield in soil were measured regularly by two-season cultivation of first crop rice and ratooning rice(R). The results showed that the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the T model changed in a "peak" pattern,and that in the N model decreased slowly,with the relative average difference being 15.3% and 16.35% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The variation trends of alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter were similar among different models,with the relative average difference being 5.3% and 6.97% of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus. The content of organic matter remained at a high level for a long time,with a relative average difference of 6.7%. The average yield of first crop rice and ratooning rice increased by 9.75% and 10.05% respectively.
引文
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[2] Solomon D,Lehmann J,Harden J,et al.Micro-and nano-environments of carbon sequestration:Multi-element STXM-NEXAFS spectromicroscopy assessment of microbial carbon and mineral associations[J].Chemical Geology,2012,329:53-73.
[3] Schmidt MW,Torn MS,Abiven S,et al.Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property[J].Nature,2011,478:49-56.
[4] 焦少俊,胡夏民,潘根兴,等.施肥对太湖地区青紫泥水稻土稻季农田氮磷流失的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):495-500.
[5] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:106-163,308-315,421-428.
[6] Terjesen BF,Chadwick TD,Verreth JAJ,et al.Pathways for urea production during early life of an air-breathing teleost,the African catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2001,204(12):2155-2165.
[7] 刘丽,井铸忠.米糠粕的营养价值及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料广角,2010(11):44-45.
[8] 李成芳.稻田生态种养模式氮素转化规律的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[9] 罗衡,赵良杰,李丰,等.养殖鳖的引入对稻田土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):720-732.
[10] 汪清.稻蟹共作对土壤理化性质和土壤有效养分影响的初步研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[11] 赵静.鳖稻综合种养模式生态学效应及其机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2018.
[12] 王夏雯,王绍华,李刚华,等.氮素穗肥对水稻幼穗细胞分裂素和生长素浓度的影响及其与颖花发育的关系[J].作物学报,2008,34(12):2184-2189.
[13] 何花榕,房贤涛,谢祖钦,等.不同氮钾施用量对再生稻产量及其构成因素的影响[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(7):699-703.
[14] 任红茹.孕穗期低温冷害对水稻产量形成、生理特性和稻米品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学硕士学位论文,2018.